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Treatment of Molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) poses significant challenges for pediatric dentists due to its varied clinical manifestations and treatment needs. Understanding and evaluating different treatment options can improve patient outcomes. This study aimed to analyze available evidence on treatment options for restoring MIH-affected young permanent teeth. This scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. A systematic literature search was conducted using Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct databases, covering publications from 2014 to 2024. The search focused on therapies for young permanent teeth with MIH in children, employing predefined keywords and the Population, Concept, and Context framework. A total of 20 studies were included from Turkiye, Brazil, Syria, Germany, Egypt, and India. Thirteen articles examined first molars, five focused on incisors, and two covered both. The population studied ranged from 6 to 18 years old, involving up to 281 children and between 30 to 326 teeth. The study provides insights into various management and treatment approaches for MIH-affected teeth, along with the effectiveness and long-term stability of different methods and materials. Materials such as resin infiltration, SDF, HVGI, full metal crowns, SSC, lithium disilicate, zirconia crowns, and CAD/CAM ceramic restorations offer greater longevity and require less retreatment in managing MIH-affected teeth.

Background This study aimed to investigate the causal relationships between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) (excluding ASD and Asperger’s syndrome [AS]) and childhood caries (primary teeth and permanent teeth). Methods We conducted two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis by utilizing summary-level data of ASD and PDD (excluding ASD and AS) as exposures, and childhood caries (primary teeth and permanent teeth) as outcomes. Results The results showed that PDD (excluding ASD and AS) to be causally associated with caries in permanent teeth according to the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.151, 95%CI: 1.043–1.270, P  = 0.005) and weighted median (OR: 1.159, 95%CI: 1.029–1.306, P  = 0.015). However, according to the IVW (OR: 0.923, 95%CI: 0.873–1.003, P  = 0.051), ASD might be causally associated with caries in permanent teeth. The results also showed no causal association between ASD or PDD (excluding ASD and AS) and caries in primary teeth. Conclusions Our study showed PDD (excluding ASD and AS) to have pathogenic effects on childhood caries of permanent teeth among a population of European ancestry. However, ASD was shown to have protective effects on childhood caries of permanent teeth.

The objective was to determine whether trauma in primary dentition causes alterations in the development of permanent dentition. Searches were made in May 2020 using PubMed, MEDLINE, MEDES, Scopus, Lilacs, and Embase. Papers in English, German, and Spanish, without restrictions in the year of publication, were included. The quality of the studies was analyzed using the NOS Scale. The search retrieved 537 references, and seven studies were included for a qualitative analysis. The results showed that trauma to a deciduous tooth can damage the bud of the permanent tooth. Enamel discoloration and/or hypoplasia were the most common sequelae in the permanent teeth after trauma to the primary predecessor. The type and severity of sequelae in the permanent tooth are associated with the development phase of the bud. Children with trauma of their primary teeth should receive checkups until the eruption of the permanent teeth for the early diagnosis and treatment of possible sequelae. Intrusion of the primary tooth was the trauma that caused the most damage and enamel alterations the most frequent sequelae.

NOABSTRACTTo evaluate the microroughness of primary and permanent teeth in the initial carious lesion (white spot) area before and after orthophosphoric and hydrochloric acid application.The in vitro study included physiologically exfoliated primary molars and permanent third molars extracted for orthodontic reasons. The teeth were divided into eight groups according to the presence of initial caries lesions, type of dentition, the acid used, and the time of its application. The surface microroughness in the area of the carious lesion, both before and after etching, was assessed using a profilometer, and the results were compared. Carious lesions were etched either with 37% orthophosphoric acid for 30 seconds or with 15% hydrochloric acid for 120 seconds.Higher microroughness values were found in the area of the initial carious lesion compared to the area with intact enamel for both dentitions. The microroughness of the enamel surface in the carious lesion area increased after applying orthophosphoric and hydrochloric acids in both primary and permanent teeth. The highest microroughness was recorded after conditioning with 15% hydrochloric acid. Microroughness data from carious primary and permanent teeth showed increased microporosity after etching with 37% orthophosphoric acid.Etching (with hydrochloric and orthophosphoric acid) of initial carious lesions of primary and permanent teeth significantly increases their microroughness.

Objective A retrospective study was conducted on 30 cases of replacement resorption after replantation of avulsed young permanent teeth with clinical observation period of more than 2 years, to provide reference for clinical treatment and prevention. Methods A retrospective study was carried out on 30 cases replacement resorption after replantation of avulsed young permanent teeth with replacement resorption. The clinical and imaging data during posttraumatic follow‐up were recorded and analyzed, including trauma age, gender, traumatic tooth position, root development stage, time of tooth separation, storage media, fixed time, and clinical examination. Results Among the 30 cases, the fastest replacement resorption occurred in the first month after trauma (1 case), and the slowest occurred in the 24th month (1 case). The incidence of replacement resorption was 26.7% at month 3, 70% at month 6, 90% at month 9, and 96.7% at month 12. Fifteen patients showed progressive ankylosis, the degree of ankylosis gradually increased. Analysis and screening of risk factors found that the extraoral time was statistically significant. Conclusion The study shows that the longer the time in vitro, the more likely progressive tooth sinking will occur, resulting in tooth loss. Therefore, it is more important to popularize the emergency treatment of mean avulsion. How to correctly deal with prolapse teeth, how to optimize the emergency trauma channel, reduce the occurrence of delayed replantation, and prolong the life of replantation teeth will be the focus of the future work of pediatric stomatologists.

This study investigates the preservation of DNA in different categories of teeth, including permanent and deciduous, fully developed and not fully developed, in both adults and non-adults. Teeth were sampled from a modern-era cemetery in Ljubljana, Slovenia. DNA extraction was performed using a full demineralisation protocol. DNA quantity and quality were assessed using qPCR analyses, and autosomal STR typing was conducted to verify genetic profiles. Results revealed significant differences in DNA preservation among various tooth categories. Fully developed permanent teeth of adults exhibited the highest DNA yields, attributed to their fully developed roots and thicker cementum, which is rich in DNA. Deciduous teeth, with thinner enamel and cementum, showed lower DNA preservation regardless of developmental stage. Non-adult teeth generally yielded less DNA compared to adults, even when considering only fully developed permanent teeth, indicating factors beyond developmental stage. These findings suggest that, in archaeological and forensic contexts, researchers should prioritize fully developed permanent teeth for DNA analysis due to their superior preservation. Additionally, this study underscores the importance of considering tooth type and developmental stage when selecting samples for genetic analysis in cases where petrous bone is unavailable, expanding our understanding of DNA preservation in human remains. ●Teeth are used for DNA analysis due to their mineral composition, low porosity, and resistance to taphonomy and contamination.●Permanent teeth, consistently yielded higher quantities of DNA compared to deciduous teeth.●There were significant differences in DNA quantity between teeth from adults and non-adults, with adults providing more DNA.●Tooth cementum, due to its thickness and resistance to degradation, was highlighted as a valuable source of DNA.●The study emphasizes the importance of tooth type and age in optimizing DNA sampling strategies.

Introduction: Hypodontia refers to the congenital absence of less than six teeth. This absence may be unilateral or bilateral. Though the congenital agenesis of bilateral mandibular/maxillary incisors has often been reported in literature, however, the congenital absence of bilateral mandibular and maxillary incisors, as well as the mandibular second molar-giving rise to a total of six missing permanent teeth in an apparently healthy individual has not been reported earlier.Case presentation: This case series presents two cases of a 10- and 11-year-old children with presence of retained deciduous anterior in both arches with absence of permanent successors and also aims to review the literature regarding etiology, clinical implications and management in such cases.Conclusions: It is essential that practitioners monitor the developing dentition with establishment of a proper review schedule. Non-eruption of the permanent tooth more than one year later than expected, or even after six months following the emergence of the contralateral tooth, warrants a high degree of suspicion. A multidisciplinary team, including pediatric, restorative and orthodontic specialists, is advised. In addition, prior to formulation of any treatment plan, due consideration to the general issues such as the patient’s systemic and oral health, motivation and expectations should be given.

Vital pulp therapy aims to preserve the vitality of dental pulp exposed due to caries, trauma, or restorative procedures. The aim of the present review was to evaluate the clinical, radiographic, and histological outcomes of different calcium silicate-based cements used in vital pulp therapy for both primary and permanent teeth. The review included 40 randomized controlled trials from a search across PubMed, LILACS, and the Cochrane Collaboration, as well as manual searches and author inquiries according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. A critical assessment of studies was conducted, and after data extraction the results were submitted to a quantitative statistical analysis using meta-analysis. The studies, involving 1701 patients and 3168 teeth, compared a total of 18 different calcium silicate-based cements in both dentitions. The qualitative synthesis showed no significant differences in short-term outcomes (up to 6 months) between different calcium silicate-based cements in primary teeth. ProRoot MTA and Biodentine showed similar clinical and radiographic success rates at 6 and 12 months. In permanent teeth, although the global results appeared to be well balanced, ProRoot MTA generally seemed to perform better than other calcium silicate-based cements except for Biodentine, which had comparable or superior results at 6 months. Meta-analyses for selected comparisons showed no significant differences in clinical and radiographic outcomes between ProRoot MTA and Biodentine over follow-up periods. The present review highlights the need for standardized definitions of success and follow-up periods in future studies to better guide clinical decisions. Despite the introduction of new calcium silicate-based cements aiming to address limitations of the original MTA. ProRoot MTA and Biodentine remain the most used and reliable materials for vital pulp therapy, although the results did not deviate that much from the other calcium silicate-based cements. Further long-term studies are required to establish the optimal CSC for each clinical scenario in both dentitions.

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, by gender, of vertical root fracture (VRF) as the main reason for the extraction of permanent teeth in dental clinics in Tokyo. Materials and methods Participating dentists were requested to provide information about extractions of permanent teeth they had performed from 1 January 2013 to 30 June 2013. The main reasons for extraction were categorized as follows: VRF, caries (horizontal root fracture included), periodontal disease and others. Results At a total of 24 clinics, 736 teeth were extracted from 626 patients during the 6-month period. A total of 233 teeth were extracted by VRF (31.7 %), and 93.6 % of these were endodontically treated teeth. Among non-vital extracted teeth, 82.1 % (179/218) had cast posts or screw posts. The percentage of extraction due to VRF was 29.4 % in males and 34.7 % in females. In females, the percentage of extractions due to VRF (34.7 %) was higher than for periodontal disease (28.1 %). In males, the percentage of extractions due to VRF increased with age ( p  < 0.05). The tooth types with the highest percentage of extractions due to VRF were the upper canine (46.7 %), lower second premolar (48.0 %) and lower first molar (50.0 %) in males and the upper first premolar (43.3 %), upper second premolar (44.4 %), lower second premolar (53.8 %) and lower first molar (54.5 %) in females. Conclusions These results indicate that we need to pay more attention to maintaining vital teeth while being aware of the particular tooth types in which VRF most frequently occurs.

Background. In the era of biology-driven endodontics, vital pulp therapies are regaining popularity as a valid clinical option to postpone root-canal treatment. In this sense, many different materials are available in the market for pulp-capping purposes. Objectives. The main aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine literature regarding cytotoxicity and bioactivity of pulp-capping agents by exposure of human dental pulp cells of primary origin to these materials. A secondary objective was to evaluate the inflammatory reaction and reparative dentin-bridge formation induced by the different pulp-capping agents on human pulp tissue. Data sources. A literature search strategy was carried out on PubMed, EMBASE and the Web of Science databases. The last search was done on 1 May 2020. No filters or language restrictions were initially applied. Two researchers independently selected the studies and extracted the data. Study selection included eligibility criteria, participants and interventions, study appraisal and synthesis methods. In vitro studies were included when human dental pulp cells of primary origin were (in) directly exposed to pulp-capping agents. Parallel or split-mouth randomized or controlled clinical trials (RCT or CCT) were selected to investigate the effects of different pulp-capping agents on the inflammation and reparative bridge-formation capacity of human pulp tissue. Data were synthesized via odds ratios (95% confidence interval) with fixed or random effects models, depending on the homogeneity of the studies. The relative risks (95% confidence interval) were presented for the sake of interpretation. Results. In total, 26 in vitro and 30 in vivo studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. The qualitative analysis of in vitro data suggested that resin-free hydraulic calcium-silicate cements promote cell viability and bioactivity towards human dental pulp cells better than resin-based calcium-silicate cements, glass ionomers and calcium-hydroxide cements. The meta-analysis of the in vivo studies indicated that calcium-hydroxide powder/saline promotes reparative bridge formation better than the popular commercial resin-free calcium-silicate cement Pro-Root MTA (Dentsply-Sirona), although the difference was borderline non-significant (p = 0.06), and better than calcium-hydroxide cements (p < 0.0001). Moreover, resin-free pulp-capping agents fostered the formation of a complete reparative bridge better than resin-based materials (p < 0.001). On the other hand, no difference was found among the different materials tested regarding the inflammatory effect provoked at human pulp tissue. Conclusions. Calcium-hydroxide (CH) powder and Pro-Root MTA (Dentsply-Sirona) have shown excellent biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo when tested on human cells and teeth. Their use after many years of research and clinical experience seems safe and proven for vital pulp therapy in healthy individuals, given that an aseptic environment (rubber dam isolation) is provided. Although in vitro evidence suggests that most modern hydraulic calcium-silicate cements promote bioactivity when exposed to human dental pulp cells, care should be taken when these new materials are clinically applied in patients, as small changes in their composition might have big consequences on their clinical efficacy. Key findings (clinical significance). Pure calcium-hydroxide powder/saline and the commercial resin-free hydraulic calcium-silicate cement Pro-Root MTA (Dentsply-Sirona) are the best options to provide a complete reparative bridge upon vital pulp therapy. Systematic review registration number. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020164374.