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"personality type"
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Personality and burnout among primary care physicians: an international study
Burnout is a syndrome comprised of three major dimensions, namely, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. Its etiology appears to be multifactorial, involving work-related and personal factors including personality traits. Personality has been associated with burnout among various physician groups; however, this has not been studied well amongst primary care physicians. This study therefore aimed to investigate the association between personality type and burnout in primary care physicians in Canada and Jamaica.
This cross-sectional study involved primary care physicians in Canada and Jamaica. Participants completed a questionnaire that included the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey and The Big Five Inventory. Responses were analyzed to determine relationships between burnout, personality type, and various demographic factors.
Seventy-seven physicians participated in the study. Approximately 38% of participants reported low levels of accomplishment, 34% reported high levels of emotional exhaustion, and 20% reported high levels of depersonalization, all equating to high levels of burnout. Neuroticism was negatively correlated with personal accomplishment (
<0.01) and positively correlated with emotional exhaustion (
≤0.001) and depersonalization (
<0.01). Agreeableness (
<0.05) and conscientiousness (
<0.05) were positively correlated with accomplishment and both were negatively correlated with depersonalization (
<0.01 and
<0.05, respectively).
In this multinational study, we found that burnout was a common problem among primary care physicians. Personality, particularly neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, impacts physician burnout. Strategies that modulate the impact of personality on burnout may be beneficial for optimal health care delivery.
Journal Article
The personality brokers : the strange history of Myers-Briggs and the birth of personality testing
\"The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is the most popular personality test in the world. It has been harnessed by Fortune 100 companies, universities, hospitals, churches, and the military. Its language--of extraversion vs. introversion, thinking vs. feeling--has inspired online dating platforms and Buzzfeed quizzes alike. And yet despite the test's widespread adoption, experts in the field of psychometric testing ... struggle to account for its success--no less to validate its results. How did the Myers-Briggs test insinuate itself into our jobs, our relationships, our Internet, our lives?\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Temperament Based Personality Types in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Latent Profile Analysis
Three adaptive trait-based persolity types have been replicated across ages, cultures, clinical problems and clustering methods: Resilient, Undercontrolled and Overcontrolled type (RUO). Recently there is growing interest in and importance of biopsychosocial transdiagnostic factors underlying persolity types, such as temperamental reactivity and self-regulation. Latter can be understood in terms of Behavioural Inhibition (BIS), Behavioural Activation Systems (BAS) and Effortful Control (EC). The occurrence of temperament based RUO types has not yet been confirmed in older adults with or without a mental disorder. Therefore, based on a person-centered approach, the current study investigates whether RUO types can be corroborated in older adults based on the aforementioned temperamental factors. Latent profile alysis yielded two distinct persolity profiles in community-dwelling over-60s, which we tentatively labeled a resilient (n = 167) and overcontrolled/inhibited type (n = 241). Compared to the resilient type, the overcontrolled/inhibited type scored lower on EC and higher on BIS. We could not corroborate an undercontrolled type (profiles scored equally on BAS). Group comparisons revealed that overcontrolled/inhibited older adults demonstrated significantly more clinical symptoms, higher emotiol instability, lower scores on adaptive traits, less resilience and were significantly more likely to use passive and avoidant coping styles, compared to resilient older adults.
Journal Article
A Type A and Type D Combined Personality Typology in Essential Hypertension and Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients: Associations with Demographic, Psychological, Clinical, and Lifestyle Indicators
Many studies have focused on Type A and Type D personality types in the context of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but nothing is known about how these personality types combine to create new profiles. The present study aimed to develop a typology of Type A and Type D personality in two groups of patients affected by and at risk for coronary disease. The study involved 711 patients: 51.6% with acute coronary syndrome, 48.4% with essential hypertension (mean age = 56.4 years; SD = 9.7 years; 70.7% men). Cluster analysis was applied. External variables, such as socio-demographic, psychological, lifestyle, and clinical parameters, were assessed. Six groups, each with its own unique combined personality profile scores, were identified: Type D, Type A-Negatively Affected, Not Type A-Negatively Affected, Socially Inhibited-Positively Affected, Not Socially Inhibited, and Not Type A-Not Type D. The Type A-Negatively Affected cluster and, to a lesser extent, the Type D cluster, displayed the worst profile: namely higher total cardiovascular risk index, physical inactivity, higher anxiety and depression, and lower self-esteem, optimism, and health status. Identifying combined personality profiles is important in clinical research and practice in cardiovascular diseases. Practical implications are discussed.
Journal Article
Identifying HEXACO personality types: what do type characteristics tell us about student misconduct?
Background
While previous research has largely focused on individual trait associations with academic misbehaviour, this study used a person-centred approach to explore personality type differences in student misconduct. The distribution of the personality types was also compared across sociodemographic groups and fields of study.
Methods
A sample of 1,398 health and non-health university students replied to a multiple-choice questionnaire covering HEXACO personality traits, eight forms of academic misconduct, and background information. Personality types were explored through cluster analysis, and differences in their behaviour and characteristics were examined using chi-square test and ANOVA.
Results
The five personality types identified differed in their self-reported academic misconduct. Risk-takers disclosed the highest levels of misconduct, followed by Performance-oriented students, who had competitive dispositions. Secure and Socially Considerate students exhibited more well-adjusted and prosocial traits, respectively, disclosing the lowest rates of misconduct. Insecure students scored higher than these two types on Plagiarism, combining traits associated with psychological distress that may affect their performance. The personality types also revealed gender and socioeconomic differences, and a more uniform distribution in health than in non-health fields.
Conclusion
This study expands on past research by analysing a distinct set of personality types in association with academic misconduct. Understanding the psychosocial characteristics and field of study distribution of these types helped to propose tailored educational strategies to foster their compliance with academic integrity.
Journal Article
Effects of Personality Type Tools and Problem-Solving Methods on Engineering Company Project Success
Personality type tools have been utilized to explain human behavior by organizing, classifying, and categorizing individuals into distinct personality types. Alternatively, problem-solving methods have been employed throughout project life cycles to enhance problem solving across all levels of the organizational workforce. This study evaluated the influence of personality tools and methods for problem solving on project success. The population comprised 29 active project managers employed in the engineering section of a large manufacturing firm, focusing on sustainable development projects. Quantitative study, through correlational analysis, demonstrates that personality tools facilitate the formation of effective project teams (p < 0.05) and that problem-solving methods significantly improve the likelihood of successful project completion (p < 0.05). This research presents a novel approach and a decision framework for projects that identify the preferred methods for solving problems associated with various MBTI profiles, and demonstrate that where MBTI is utilized as a guiding tool for effective project team formation, ESTJ, ENTJ, ISTJ, and INTJ are prioritized profiles. The research concludes that selecting methods for solving problems according to the nature of the problem impacts overall project success, with the Five Whys methodology contributing when used for root cause analysis. Therefore, it is essential to enhance project managers’ awareness that specific tools and methodologies can aid in the formation of teams that successfully complete projects.
Journal Article
Personality types and the risk of clinical-level adaptation problems of Korean preadolescents: A population-based study
While psychopathology emerges during late childhood and becomes more evident during adolescence, limited research has examined the associations between personality types and the risk of clinical-level adaptation problems in preadolescents. This study identified personality types based on the five-factor model and evaluated the risk of clinical-level behavioral problems according to personality type. Participants consisted of 1,332 preadolescents (mean age = 11.356 years) from the Panel Study on Korean Children. Latent profile analyses were conducted to identify the personality types of preadolescents. The links between the personality types and the risk of clinical-level behavior problems were tested with multinominal logistic regressions. The participants were classified into four personality types: ordinary (42.3%), resilient (17.0%), undercontrollers (32.3%), and overcontrollers (8.5%). The overcontrollers had a greater risk of clinical-level total behavior problems when compared to the ordinary type. The undercontrollers demonstrated a greater risk of clinical-level external behavior problems as compared to the ordinary type. These findings highlight the potential usefulness of personality typology as a practical transdiagnostic tool for identifying preadolescents who may be at risk of experiencing clinical-level adaptation problems associated with specific personality types.
Journal Article
Evaluation of Coping Strategies among Students with Type D Personality
Objective: Personality type D may be associated with a predisposition to develop stress under external adverse influences, for example, in the COVID-19 pandemic. Likewise, type D personality is associated with higher burnout levels; thus, it may contribute to the development of diseases symptoms. The current study was designed to examine the coping strategies in young healthy persons with personality type D. Methods: The study included 98 medical students, with 30 being males. The participants completed questionnaires to identify personality type D (DS-14) and the coping strategies. Depending on the results of the DS-14 questionnaire, four subgroups were distinguished with different levels of points on the NA and SI subscales. Results: For persons with type D personality, the escape–avoidance strategy was used more often, the accepting responsibility and self-controlling strategies were less common compared with non-type-D individuals. When type D was adjusted for the NA and SI subscales, the correlation remained only with escape–avoidance strategy. We did not find a synergistic effect of the NA and SI subscales in regard to coping. Conclusions: This study demonstrated a link between personality type D and maladaptive coping strategies. The predominance of the maladaptive coping strategy in type D is a possible point of application for psychosocial training in such individuals that requires further research.
Journal Article
Social hobbies can increase self-esteem and quality of life in female breast cancer patients with type A personality trait: KRATOS study
Self-esteem is a way of coping with stress for cancer patients and this improves their quality of life. It was aimed to determine the relationship between type A personality traits and self-esteem and quality of life in women with breast cancer and to determine the effective factors. 154 women with breast cancer and 78 healthy women were included. Bortner's Rating scale, Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem scale, and EORTC QOL-C30 scale were used. The relationship between the presence of hobbies, self-esteem, quality of life, and personality type was examined. Mann–Whitney
U
, Kruskal–Wallis, Fisher's Exact, and Spearman Rank correlation tests were performed. Independent factors affecting personality type, self-esteem, and quality of life were determined by multivariate logistic (binary) regression analysis. The
p
< 0.05 value was significant in the SPSS v19 program. There was no age difference between the patients (54 ± 11 years) and the control group (42 ± 8 years) (
p
= 0.108). The rate of type A personality was 69% in patients and 58% in controls (
p
= 0.093). Similarly, the rate of high self-esteem was 93% in patients and 96% in controls (
p
= 0.098). Besides personality type and self-esteem, there was no relationship between personality type and quality of life in cancer patients (
p
= 0.960 and
p
= 0.946, respectively). A relationship was established between self-esteem and quality of life (
p
= 0.018) in patients. In patients with type A personality, hobbies providing socially active communication were common (
p
= 0.039), and had more than two hobbies (
p
= 0.015). Type A personality trait was independently effective on self-esteem (
p
= 0.046). Hobby orientation and the number of hobbies had independent effects on self-esteem (
p
= 0.032,
p
= 0.041), quality of life (respectively,
p
= 0.004,
p
= 0.007), and personality type (respectively,
p
= 0.014,
p
= 0.027). Hobbies that provide active social communication may have important effects on changes in personality traits, self-esteem, and quality of life in patients with breast cancer.
Journal Article