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Pharmacist-led interventions are increasingly integrated into hematology-oncology care to address complex pharmacotherapy and medication safety challenges. However, their impact within hematological malignancies has not been comprehensively synthesized across clinical, process-related, and economic domains. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate pharmacist-led interventions in patients with hematological malignancies across inpatient and outpatient settings. Thirty-three studies were included. Owing to substantial heterogeneity in study design, interventions, and outcome definitions, a structured qualitative synthesis was performed, with findings grouped by clinical, process-related, and economic outcomes. Thirty-three studies were included, reporting clinical ( = 24), process-related ( = 23), and economic outcomes ( = 8). Pharmacist-led interventions most consistently improved medication management processes, including identification and resolution of drug-related problems, drug interaction management, and care coordination, with high acceptance rates of pharmacist recommendations. Several studies also reported improvements in medication adherence, toxicity management, and selected patient-reported outcomes; however, findings for disease response, survival, and hospitalization were heterogeneous and not consistently statistically significant. Economic evaluations were limited but suggested potential cost savings and favorable returns on investment associated with pharmacist involvement. Pharmacist-led interventions in hematology-oncology care improve medication management processes and may contribute to better adherence and medication safety. However, evidence for effects on clinical and economic outcomes remains limited and heterogeneous, highlighting the need for well-designed prospective studies using standardized outcome measures. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251147239, identifier CRD420251147239.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether intervention by clinical pharmacists can improve blood glucose and lipid levels in diabetic patients with complex medical conditions. Methods: The retrospective database included 138 patients with diabetes who had presented with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) between January 2019 and October 2021. Blood glucose and lipid levels were measured within 12 weeks and 78 weeks of follow-up. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance the confounding effects of patients' characteristics. Results: A total of 138 eligible patients were assigned to either the intervention group (n = 47) or the usual care group (n = 91). After the intervention, there were significant improvements in blood glucose (glycosylated hemoglobin-HbA1C % from 9.0 to 8.3; fasting blood glucose-FBG mmol/L from 11.3 to 7.1; postprandial blood glucose-PBG mmol/L from 17.0 to 12.1; p < 0.001) and lipid levels (total cholesterol-TC from 4.9 to 3.5, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-LDL-C from 3.0 to 1.8, p < 0.001, mmol/L) in both followup periods. The blood glucose effects were most pronounced in the PBG control rate (76.9% vs 54.0%) before PSM, while HbA1C% and PBG control rate after PSM were significantly higher in the intervention group (HbA1C% rate: 65.6% vs 38.5%; PBG rate: 79.2% vs 45.8%; p < 0.05, intervention vs non-intervention). Subgroup analysis further confirmed the improvement of blood glucose and lipid mainly in patients with higher baseline FBG ([??]10mmol/L) and moderate follow-up duration (4-12 weeks). Conclusion: The intervention of clinical pharmacists in multidisciplinary team can significantly improve blood glucose and lipid levels in complex type 2 diabetic patients, especially those with high baseline FBG and moderate follow-up durations. Keywords: blood glucose, blood lipid, clinical pharmacist's intervention, propensity score matching, complex diabetes

Background and Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease which can lead to different complications in patients if not treated properly. An appropriate intervention from health care providers is needed to stop and decrease the progression of diabetic complication in diabetic patients. This study aimed to measure the effect of pharmacist intervention on improvement in sign and symptoms and progression of diabetic complications in diabetic patients. Methodology: Diabetic patients were randomly selected and divided into two groups from two tertiary care hospitals. Control group contained those 200 patients who were receiving usual treatment from hospitals. In contrast, the intervention group included those 200 patients who were receiving conventional treatment from hospitals together with separate counselling sessions with pharmacists from Diabetes Medication Therapy Adherence Clinic departments. The study continued for 1 year and two follow-up visits for both groups. A prevalidated data collection form was used to measure the improvement in sign and symptoms and progression of diabetic complication in diabetic patients. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 was used to analyze the data. Results: The average hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values decreased up to 1.43% in the control group and 2.82% in the intervention group. The intervention group showed significant improvement in HbA1c between groups (P < 0.05). The results of univariate and multivariate regression analysis showed that a statistically significant (P < 0.001) improvement was observed in all the predictors of diabetic complications among in the intervention group when compared with the control group. Conclusion: Statistically significant reduction in the sign and symptoms of diabetic complications was observed in the intervention group at the end of 1 year. The progression of diabetic neuropathy was significantly reduced in the pharmacist intervention group.

Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDPs) are a leading cause of poor maternal and birth outcomes worldwide. Prompt management of these disorders is usually recommended to optimize outcomes. Administration of pharmacotherapeutic agents is critical in the prevention and management of these disorders. The services of the pharmacist are required to maximize the benefits of drug therapy during prevention and management. There is a paucity of data on the effectiveness of pharmacist‐led interventions in the management of these disorders in Ghana. This study investigated the effect of a pharmacist‐led intervention on knowledge, adherence to antihypertensive medication, and blood pressure (BP) control among pregnant women. A quasi‐experimental study was conducted. The study was carried out among pregnant women with moderate to high risk of developing HDPs and seeking antenatal care at a university hospital in Kumasi, Ghana. The pharmaceutical care model comprising health education, counseling, and medication administration reminders was provided fortnightly to study participants till delivery. Differences in pre‐ and post‐intervention median scores were compared using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. The mean age was 35.7 years (± 1.2). The overall median knowledge and adherence scores increased significantly after the intervention by 11 versus 17 (p < 0.001) and 5 versus 9 (p < 0.001), respectively. Pharmaceutical intervention increased the proportion of mothers who were adherent by 68.9% (95% CI, 53.9–83.8%; p < 0.001). The commonest side effect of the two first‐line antihypertensives (nifedipine and methyldopa) was headache. About 91% of the women delivered vaginally, and almost all (97.8%) of all deliveries were live births. Pharmacist‐led interventions had a positive impact on the knowledge of HDPs and adherence to antihypertensive medication in the study setting. Thus, incorporating pharmaceutical care into antenatal care would be worthwhile.

Effective intervention is a significant component in the improvement of blood pressure control and patient adherence. Blood pressure control includes different self-monitoring techniques, mobile health monitoring, or healthcare professionals’ interventions. This study aims to compare, analyze, and interpret the effectiveness of pharmacist-physician collaboration and pharmacist- led interventions. Meta-analysis was performed using MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCO, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library databases between 2008-2018. Of the 51 relevant systematic reviews identified, 15 were of sufficient quality and included in the data synthesis. The breakdown of the 15 included 7 (n=2026) pharmacist and 8 pharmacist-physician interventions (n=2361). The impact of pharmacist-physician collaboration and pharmacist-led interventions on Systolic Blood Pressure was –8.22 (–11.01; –5.42) (P<0.01) and –7.68 (–9.30; –6.06) (P=0.35), respectively. On the other hand, similar correlation for Diastolic Blood Pressure for the impact of pharmacist-physician collaboration and pharmacist-led interventions was –3.55 (–4.54; –2.55) (P=0.49) and –2.58 (–3.76; –1.39) (P=0.24), respectively. These results suggest that both interventions are effective for blood pressure control. However, when two meta-analyses were compared, it was found that pharmacist-physician collaboration was more effective than pharmacist-led interventions. This finding highlights the importance of multidisciplinary approaches during blood pressure control procedures. When a holistic view is considered; especially cost-effectiveness, future studies must be diversified to encompass a broader context and impact analysis.

Community pharmacists are responsible for providing the appropriate information on the use of medications to patients, which may enhance their medication adherence. The extent of control that patients have on their health care preferences creates many challenges for community pharmacists. This study aimed to determine the impact of pharmacist interventions and patient decisions on health outcomes concerning medication adherence and the quality use of medicines among patients attending community pharmacies. Appropriate studies were identified in a systematic search using the databases of Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed. The search included literature published between 2004 and 2019. The database searches yielded 683 titles, of which 19 studies were included after the full-text analysis with a total of 9313 participants. Metaprop command in Stata software version 14 was used for the analysis. This study was undertaken based on the general principles of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and subsequently reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) extension. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach was directly used to rate the quality of evidence (high, moderate, low, or very low). The results revealed the effective interaction between patients and community pharmacists, the importance of pharmacist intervention on medication adherence and quality use of medicine, and the role of community pharmacists in counselling patients. Decision/choice of patients in self-care and self-medication is a factor contributing to health outcomes. Effective interaction of community pharmacists with patients in terms of medication adherence and quality use of medicines provided a better health outcome among patients. The community pharmacists influenced the decision/choice of patients in self-care and self-medications.

Background Geriatric patients are at high risk of Drug Related Problems (DRPs) due to multi- morbidity associated polypharmacy, age related physiologic changes, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics alterations. These patients often excluded from premarketing trials that can further increase the occurrence of DRPs. This study aimed to identify drug related problems and determinants in geriatric patients admitted to medical and surgical wards, and to evaluate the impact of clinical pharmacist interventions for treatment optimization. Methods A prospective interventional study was conducted among geriatric patients admitted to medical and surgical wards of Jimma University Medical Center from April to July 2017. Clinical pharmacists reviewed patients drug therapy, identified drug related problems and provided interventions. Data were analyzed by using SPSS statistical software version 20.0. Descriptive statistics were performed to determine the proportion of drug related problems. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the determinants of drug related problems. Results A total of 200 geriatric patients were included in the study. The mean age of the participants was 67.3 years (SD7.3). About 82% of the patients had at least one drug related problems. A total of 380 drug related problems were identified and 670 interventions were provided. For the clinical pharmacist interventions, the prescriber acceptance rate was 91.7%. Significant determinants for drug related problems were polypharmacy (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.350, 95% C.I: 1.212–9.260, p  = 0.020) and number of comorbidities (AOR = 1.588, 95% C.I: 1.029–2.450, p  = 0.037). Conclusions Drug related problems were substantially high among geriatric inpatients. Patients with polypharmacy and co-morbidities had a much higher chance of developing DRPs. Hence, special attention is needed to prevent the occurrence of DRPs in these patients. Moreover, clinical pharmacists’ intervention was found to reduce DRPs in geriatric inpatients. The prescriber acceptance rate of clinical pharmacists’ intervention was also substantially high.

A large proportion of the world’s disease burden is attributable to mental illnesses. Although effective interventions are available, many patients still have limited access to evidence-based treatments. Aside from access, treatment gaps, including inappropriate medication selection and monitoring, are also routinely recognised. Mental health clinical pharmacists can help address these gaps and enable patients to receive optimised pharmaceutical care, particularly appropriate medication selection and monitoring. The European Society of Clinical Pharmacy (ESCP) Special Interest Group on Mental Health was established to improve standardised service provision in mental health settings across Europe. The Special Interest Group identified significant barriers (predominantly associated with reimbursement and position within the multidisciplinary team) to effective pharmaceutical care amongst those with mental illnesses. This commentary presents recommendations to address these gaps through improved mental health clinical pharmacy service provision.

Around 65 million individuals suffer from epilepsy worldwide, and when it is not properly treated, it is linked to higher rates of physical harm and mortality. Due to the requirement for long‐term therapy and the side effects of many medications, medication compliance is a significant issue. The purpose of this review was to summarize the findings of previous studies examining the quality of life (QOL), adherence, patient education, and medication knowledge, as well as the impact of a pharmacist‐led educational intervention. Additionally, to find out if these studies benefit epileptic patients, to find the appropriate method used to help them in all aspects of their lives, and to use these in future studies. A systematic and comprehensive search was conducted using specific keywords from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Research Gate. A significantly poorer QOL was linked to prolonged antiepileptic drug use or poor adherence as well as psychiatric problems. Neglect was the most frequent reason for nonadherence. The frequency of seizures was greatly reduced, and the adherence was significantly increased by patient education and medication understanding. Patient awareness, adherence, QOL, and seizure frequency were dramatically improved following the intervention. In the absence of optimal treatment, epilepsy is associated with increased rates of bodily injuries and mortality. It is crucial to increase patient education and knowledge about disease and treatment in order to improve adherence, and QOL. Intervention by a chemist is required to achieve these results. Quality of Life, Adherence and Knowledge of Epileptic Patients and the Impact of a Pharmacist‐Led Educational Intervention: A Review.

Background There is currently no validated tool available for assessing the potential significance of pharmacist interventions in Vietnam. Aim This study aimed to translate the CLEO tool from French into Vietnamese, validate the Vietnamese version, and demonstrate its feasibility in daily practice. Method The CLEO tool was translated into Vietnamese (CLEO VN ) using a 5-step process by bilingual experts. A total of 100 scenarios were compiled from clinical cases from nine hospitals evaluated by seven clinical pharmacists to determine inter-rater reliability and 30 out of 100 scenarios were re-evaluated one month later to determine test–retest reliability. Reliability was quantified using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). A 20-item questionnaire on a 7-point Likert scale assessed the tool's appropriateness, acceptability, precision, and feasibility. Results Inter-rater reliability was good for clinical dimension (ICC A,1  = 0.71), excellent for economic dimension (ICC A,1  = 0.86), and fair for organizational/operational dimension (ICC A,1  = 0.56). Test–retest reliability scores were excellent for clinical (I̅C̅C̅ A,1  = 0.79), excellent for economic (I̅C̅C̅ A,1  = 0.84), and fair for organizational/operational (I̅C̅C̅ A,1  = 0.56). The tool was rated as appropriate (mean = 5.86; SD = 1.03), acceptable (mean = 5.19; SD = 1.12), precise (mean = 5.71; SD = 1.17), and feasible (mean = 5.05; SD = 1.24). The maximum time required to evaluate an intervention was three minutes. Conclusion The CLEO VN tool was successfully translated and validated for reliability, appropriateness, acceptability, precision, and feasibility. It will be suitable to evaluate the value of clinical pharmacy interventions.