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Effects of ePREP and OurRelationship on Low-Income Couples’ Mental Health and Health Behaviors: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Relationship distress is a pervasive problem in the USA that disproportionally impacts couples with low-income levels. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two online relationship interventions, OurRelationship and ePREP, both of which were supported by a paraprofessional coach, in improving mental health and physical health behaviors with low-income couples. Couples (N = 742) were randomized to either intervention or a 6-month waitlist control group and assessed pre-, mid-, and post-intervention as well at 4 and 6 months after randomization. Results from multilevel models indicated that during treatment, compared to couples in the waitlist group, couples in the intervention groups reported significantly greater improvements in mental health that were small to moderate in magnitude (psychological distress, anger, problematic alcohol use, and perceived stress) as well as improvements in physical health/health behaviors (perceived health, insomnia, and exercise) that were small in magnitude. Furthermore, the differences between intervention and waitlist groups were maintained over follow-up. Treatment gains in both mental health and physical health behaviors were generally stronger for those who began treatment with greater difficulties in those areas. Implications of these findings with regard to intervention and policy are discussed.
Journal Article
Principles and labs for fitness and wellness
Emphasizes behavior modification through sensible approaches and provides a strong focus on the practical ways you can incorporate changes into in your daily life.
Book
Positive and negative influences of social participation on physical and mental health among community-dwelling elderly aged 65–70 years: a cross-sectional study in Japan
Background
Although numerous investigations have indicated that social participation (SP) has positive effects on the health of older adults, there have been few studies on its negative health consequences. We examined the cross-sectional associations of the type, frequency, and autonomy for SP with physical and mental health.
Methods
The analytical subjects were 5126 males and 7006 females who were functionally independent, born between 1945 and 1949, and covered by A City’s medical insurance system. Physical and mental health were measured using the SF-8 Health Survey. SP was measured through six types of social groups. These social groups included volunteer groups, sports groups, hobby clubs, senior citizens’ clubs, neighborhood community associations, and cultural groups. Analysis of covariance was conducted to compare adjusted physical health component summary scores (PCS) and mental health component summary scores (MCS) by the frequency and autonomy of SP. Age, family size, body mass index, chronic conditions, smoking, alcohol intake, depression and cognitive functioning were included as covariates. To examine whether the associations between SP and PCS/MCS are different between genders, we performed analyses stratified by gender.
Results
Overall, positive associations of the frequency and autonomy of SP with PCS and MCS were stronger in females than males. As to frequency, frequent participation in sports groups and hobby clubs had significantly better PCS among both genders and better MCS among females than non-participation. None of the groups differed significantly in the MCS among males. As to autonomy, among both genders, voluntary participation in sports groups and hobby clubs had significantly better PCS than non-participation, and better MCS than not only non-participation, but also obligatory participation. Among females, obligatory participation in all groups had significantly poorer MCS than voluntary participation, and obligatory participation in sports groups had significantly poorer MCS than non-participation.
Conclusions
Obligatory SP had significantly poorer MCS than voluntary participation, occasionally than non-participation; there is a possibility that obligatory SP has harmful influences on mental health of community-dwelling elderly. Measures to promote SP with consideration for individuals’ autonomy may be effective in the public health approach to maintaining mental health.
Journal Article
Beyond training : mastering endurance, health, and life
Presents a guide to achieving peak fitness capability by optimizing performance, fat loss, and brain function, covering such aspects of health as nutrition, training, recovery, stress and time management, sleep, and digestion.
Book
Do cover crop mixtures improve soil physical health more than monocultures?
Rationale and Purpose
Adding multispecies cover crop (CC) mixtures could diversify the current simplified crop rotations and enhance soil health more than monoculture CCs. Further, CC mixtures with diverse plant species could adapt better to changing climatic and environmental conditions than monoculture CCs. However, our current understanding of the soil benefits of CC mixtures is still limited. This review discussed whether CC mixtures are better than monoculture CCs to improve soil physical health.
Methods
All studies published up to May 25, 2023 comparing soil physical properties between CC mixtures and their constituents grown as monocultures were searched in the available databases. To avoid potential sampling bias, only studies that compared mixtures against all its constituents grown alone were discussed.
Results
Cover crop mixture studies on soil physical properties were relatively few. Mixtures did not reduce soil bulk density in 83% of cases, penetration resistance in 75%, wet aggregate stability in 67%, and dry aggregate stability and saturated hydraulic conductivity in 100% compared with monoculture CCs. Mixtures had inconsistent effects on water infiltration and plant available water. The number of CC species in the mixture and management duration do not differently affect mixture impacts. The limited or no differences in soil physical properties between mixtures and monocultures could be due to the similarities in CC biomass production and soil C between these two systems.
Conclusion
Cover crop mixtures do not enhance soil physical properties relative to monoculture CCs in most cases. However, the few cases where mixtures outperformed monocultures suggest soil benefits of mixtures should be evaluated on a site-specific basis. More long-term (> 10 yr) data are needed for more definitive conclusions.
Highlight
Cover crop mixtures do not generally improve soil physical health more than monoculture CCs.
Journal Article
The paradox of aging and health-related quality of life in Asian Chinese: results from the Healthy Aging Longitudinal Study in Taiwan
Background
Declines in health, physical, cognitive, and mental function with age suggest a lower level of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in late life; however, previous studies found that the associations were weak and varied, depending on the study designs and cohort characteristics.
Methods
The present study examined the paradox of aging in an East Asian context by regressing the age patterns of objective health indicators (physical, cognitive, and mental function), and subjective HRQoL (12-item Short Form, SF-12), on the independent and interactive effects of age and physical function in a cohort study of 5022 community-dwelling adults aged 55 and older in Taiwan.
Results
Age patterns differed across measures. The SF-12 mental health score (MCS) showed a slight positive association with age and this effect remained stable after controlling for various age-related covariates. The SF-12 physical health score (PCS), in turn, was negatively associated with age. Age differences in PCS were fully explained by age decrements in objective physical health. However, consistent with the so-called paradox of aging, the association between objective and subjective physical health weakened with age.
Conclusion
These findings add to prior evidence indicating that — in spite of objective health decrements — subjective HRQoL is maintained in later life among Asian Chinese. Also, these paradoxical patterns appear to vary for mental and physical components of HRQoL, and future research is needed to explore the underlying mechanism.
Trial registration
Healthy Aging Longitudinal Study in Taiwan (HALST) is retrospectively registered at
ClinicalTrials.gov
on January 24, 2016 with trial registration number
NCT02677831
.
Journal Article
Childhood Physical Health and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Modifiable Factors
Although neurobiologic and genetic factors figure prominently in the development of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), adverse physical health experiences and conditions encountered during childhood may also play a role. Poor health is known to impact the developing brain with potential lifelong implications for behavioral issues. In attempt to better understand the relationship between childhood physical health and the onset and presence of ADHD symptoms, we summarized international peer-reviewed articles documenting relationships between a select group of childhood diseases or health events (e.g., illnesses, injuries, syndromes) and subsequent ADHD outcomes among children ages 0–17 years. Drawing on a larger two-phase systematic review, 57 longitudinal or retrospective observational studies (1978–2021) of childhood allergies, asthma, eczema, head injury, infection, or sleep problems and later ADHD diagnosis or symptomatology were identified and subjected to meta-analysis. Significant associations were documented between childhood head injuries, infections, and sleep problems with both dichotomous and continuous measures of ADHD, and between allergies with dichotomous measures of ADHD. We did not observe significant associations between asthma or eczema with ADHD outcomes. Heterogeneity detected for multiple associations, primarily among continuously measured outcomes, underscores the potential value of future subgroup analyses and individual studies. Collectively, these findings shed light on the importance of physical health in understanding childhood ADHD. Possible etiologic links between physical health factors and ADHD are discussed, as are implications for prevention efforts by providers, systems, and communities.
Journal Article