Explore the vast range of titles available.

Coffee terroir highlights distinct characteristics shaped by its origin, giving it identity and added value that is especially appealing to consumers in specialty markets. Factors including environmental conditions, farming practices, and processing techniques are important in defining a product's origin. Unique characteristics from the previous factors have positioned Panama favorably in the specialty coffee market. Specifically, the Geisha coffee variety is Panama's most valuable coffee, but there is limited information on Panama's coffee terroir. This study aimed to determine whether there are distinct terroir qualities and if physicochemical or sensory attributes differentiate Geisha coffees across Panama production zones. Green coffee beans from the 2023–2024 harvest, all washed processed, were collected from four Panama production zones: Boquete, Potrerillos Arriba, Renacimiento, and Sensory Perception. Physicochemical analyses were applied to green beans, roasted beans, and brewed coffee using standard methods. Sensory attributes such as aroma, flavor, and taste intensity were evaluated by a screened panel using the Rate‐All‐That‐Apply (RATA) method. Variables were statistically analyzed using correspondence analysis (CA), multiple factor analysis (MFA), agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC), and discriminant analysis (DA). Physicochemical characteristics did not drive differences across production zones. Discriminant analysis demonstrated sensory attribute differences among the production zones. The findings from this study indicated specific characteristics that reflect regional terroir across Panamanian coffee production zones, providing evidence that terroir qualities do exist. Our results provided valuable initial information on the uniqueness of Panama Geisha coffees from these regions and an initial collection of sensory descriptors associated with these coffees by coffee consumers. No significant differences based on main physicochemical parameters. Significant aroma/flavor differences of coffee Panama geisha coffee from Boquete, Tierras Altas and Renacimiento were found. Sensory differences support the existence of regional terroir.

PurposeThis systematic review aims to investigate how geographical cues affect wine consumers' behaviors, with reference to the New and Old Worlds, and accordingly, how are recent consumption patterns and new consumer profiles modifying roles of geographical cues?Design/methodology/approachThis work employed a systematic literature review methodology on the extant literature published from 2009 to 2019.FindingsResults, summarized in a conceptual framework, emphasize five thematic areas on how geographical cues should be considered for future research and for new marketing strategies to capture consumers of New and Old World wines. Consumers' wine knowledge, socio-ethno-demographic factors, consumption settings, labeling strategies and the use of medals and awards on labels emerged as relevant factors to deal with consumer's risk-reduction strategies.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limit is the adoption of a systematic review method.Practical implicationsResults suggest that wine managers should invest in acquiring more knowledge about consumers' profiles in both Worlds for their marketing campaigns, labeling and advertisement strategies. Although geographical cues are considered relevant in consumers' buying decisions, extrinsic cues are also increasingly acceptable, and there should be more investment in publicizing geographical attributes around the world.Originality/valueThis is the first review focusing exclusively on the role of geographical cues on consumer's behavior toward New and Old World wine producers.

The impact of place-of-origin on price premium for agricultural products in the online marketplace has received limited attention in the existing literature. This study draws from the elaboration likelihood model and investigates whether place-of-origin affects price premium. Moreover, this study explores how other cues [seller’s reputation, positive word-of-mouth (WOM) volume, and WOM valence] moderate the relationship between place-of-origin and price premium for agricultural products in the online marketplace. The result of the empirical study reveals that place-of-origin indeed has a significant and positive impact on price premium. Furthermore, the study finds a negative interactive effect between place-of-origin and other cues (seller’s reputation, positive WOM volume, and WOM valence) on the price premium for agricultural products in an e-commerce setting. The results highlight the importance of place-of-origin in the competitive online market and have implications both for academic research and for online retailing practice.

This research work aims to illustrate the geographical distribution and cluster patterns of domestic medical tourism demand in Northeast India based on the field survey from the destination Kolkata. The study was carried out in two steps, firstly, we obtained demographic and spatial information on domestic medical tourists (DMTs) traveling from 8 states of north-eastern India and visiting Kolkata, West Bengal, India to seek medical care; and then we used a Geographical Information Systems (GIS) approach to develop a spatial database, and used the ArcGIS geostatistical analysis module to explore the geographical extent, distribution pattern and spatial clustering of the source location of these medical tourists. During our study period of December 2017 to December 2018, we have received response from all the eight states of the northeast. Analysis of results exhibit that major northeastern domestic medical tourism demand regions lie over the western boundary of Tripura, south-eastern Sikkim, and central Mizoram, central Manipur, and the south-eastern region of Nagaland. We observe the district-wise spatial clusters in almost all the districts of Tripura and Mizoram, the major contributor to the domestic medical tourism segment of northeast India. Five major demand factors namely, super-specialized infrastructure, access to medical care information, cost-savings, quality of care, and treatment availability within minimum distance and time were found to be suitable in explaining the medical tourism from northeast India. This study is unique in the field of medical tourism that attempts to measure the degree of association among medical tourism generating regions at a micro-scale. Results indicate the strong spatial effect, and noted that domestic medical tourism demand is localized in nature that is highly controlled by the physician referral system, patient preferences and choices, and availability of financial and logistical support with flexible health insurance schemes.

The aim of the research was examination of pro-environmental attitudes of the students participating in optional classes of Sustainable Tourism on the background of students who did not participate in such classes. In the research participated 126 students of tourism and recreation. From among 7 factors creating Sustainable Tourism Attitude Scale (SUS-TAS), 9 statements forming the first component of the scale of Environmental Sustainability – were used. The results do not confirm more positive attitudes of students realizing Sustainable Tourism. No differences were found either, in pro-environmental attitudes between respondents from a town or from a village. According to the expectations, women are characterized by more positive ecological attitudes than men. Educational contact with sustainable tourism and place of origin had no effect on environmental attitudes.

An unusual view of an agrarian region in the process of development by a colonial power. Taiwan (or Formosa), when it reverted to Chinese control in 1945, had been for fifty years the Japanese empire's most cherished foreign possession. Using the remarkable statistical data that the Japanese compiled to aid their administration—one of the most complete and creditable records for a population of this size that has ever been at the disposal of demographers—this book is able to present an authoritative picture of the social economic agricultural and demographic development of the island.Originally published in 1966.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

In China, the population of wild musk deer, belonging to the family Moschidae, has drastically decreased in recent years owing to human activities and environmental changes. During the 1990s, artificial breeding of Alpine musk deer was conducted in Xinglong Mountain, Gansu Province, China, and their ex situ conservation was explored for over a decade. Ex situ protection is beneficial for expanding the population of animals and maintaining their genetic diversity; however, it can also induce metabolic diseases and parasitic infections and reduce reproductive capacity. The gut microbiota of animals has a considerable impact on host energy metabolism and immune regulation, thereby playing a crucial role in the overall health and reproductive success of the host. In this study, by comparing the differences in the intestinal microbiome of the musk deer according to their place of origin and migration, the changes in their gut microbiota and the influencing factors were explored to provide a theoretical basis for monitoring the health status of the musk deer. We used 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the structure and diversity of the gut microbiota of Alpine musk deer in Gansu (G, place of origin) and Sichuan (S, place of migration). The results showed that the dominant bacteria and genera in the intestinal microbiome of captive musk deer were similar in the places of origin and migration, but significant differences were observed in their relative abundance (p < 0.05). Regarding Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, which are related to plant cellulose digestion, the relative abundance in group G was higher than that in group S; regarding Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia, which are related to fat and starch intake, the relative abundance in group S was higher than that in group G; the relative abundance of Bacillus and Clostridium sensu stricto, which are related to fiber digestibility, was higher in group G than in group S; the relative abundance of conditional pathogens Acinetobacter and Escherichia–Shigella was higher in group S than in group G. The results of α and β diversity analysis also showed significant differences between the two groups (p < 0.05). The ACE and Shannon indices of musk deer in group G were considerably higher than those in group S, and the Simpson index of musk deer in group S was greater than that in group G, indicating that the abundance and diversity of intestinal microbiome were higher in musk deer of Gansu than those of Sichuan. Comparison of the changes in the intestinal microbiome of the musk deer according to the place of origin and migration showed that the plant cellulose content in the food of the musk deer, the fat content in the concentrated feed, and changes in the feeding environment have an impact on the intestinal microbiome. Effective monitoring of the health and immunity of the musk deer is crucial for ensuring their overall health, which in turn will aid in formulating a scientific and reasonable management plan for their conservation.

In this study, we collected 927 cases of samples from students at the Harbin Institute of Technology, China and conducted a thermal comfort questionnaire survey on four outdoor exercise modes in winter. Additionally, we analyzed the thermal perception conditions of the campus population in winter, the association between exercise volume and TCV (Thermal Comfort Vote) and the correlation between PET (physiological equivalent temperature) and MTSV (Mean Thermal Sensation Vote). Furthermore, we identified different PET neutral temperatures under different exercise modes (skating 3 °C, running 6 °C, hiking 9 °C, standing 14 °C), the variability of different thermal comforts in the original residence and the trend of thermal comfort with outdoor activity time. Finally, we obtained the prediction model of thermal perception under different exercise modes, and it can used as a basis for assessing the cold outdoor thermal environment to provide some references for environmental designers.

The exodus of potential teachers from rural schools has resulted in a current imbalance in the source of teachers for primary education in China, exacerbating the inequality in the allocation of teacher resources between urban and rural areas and limiting the sustainable development of education. To address this issue, the Chinese government has recently implemented a localized rural teacher training policy to provide sufficient quality teachers for rural schools in remote areas. However, the effectiveness of this policy still needs improvement, as some students in teacher education lack enthusiasm for rural education and are reluctant to teach in rural areas, and do not truly view the rural teaching profession as one that provides individuals with economic stability and a sense of personal fulfillment. Using a spatial sociological framework, this research explores the disparities in students’ intention to teach in rural areas by region of origin, such as eastern and central-western China, and urban/rural household registration. Gender is included as a predisposing factor in further examining if students are interested in teaching in rural schools in their hometown. This study analyzed 990 teacher education students at a local normal university in an eastern region of China using a questionnaire survey and logistic regression analysis. The findings indicate that college students’ willingness to teach in rural areas relates negatively to urban household registration, and their willingness to teach in their hometowns does not relate to their household registration; college students’ willingness to teach in rural areas relates negatively to eastern region, and their willingness to teach in the local village relates positively to eastern region. Based on the findings, this paper reflects on China’s existing rural teacher support policies and suggests paying attention to the influence of spatial culture on college students’ career intentions. It also emphasizes the need for individual cultural reconstruction in rural teacher training and policy restructuring in rural teacher development in the current era. In this approach, the sense of wholeness of individual life and love for rural education can be fostered, and the integration of individual life areas in the rural teaching profession can be improved, thereby increasing rural teacher retention and decreasing turnover.

PurposeThis study aims to frame the authenticity–standardisation relationship in international gastronomy retailing and explores how and to what extent the food place of origin and the urban context in which the gastronomy stores are located shape customers' in-store experience.Design/methodology/approachThis paper analyses the case of Eataly, which combines specialty grocery stores and restaurants disseminating the Italian eating style, quality food and regional traditions internationally. Facebook reviews (1,018) of four Eataly stores – New York City, Rome, Munich and Istanbul were analysed, adopting a web content mining approach.FindingsPlace of origin, quality and hosting city categories frame the gastronomic in-store experience. Standardisation elements (shared across the four analysed stores) and authenticity elements (specific to a single store) are identified towards defining three archetypical authenticity–standardisation relationships, namely originated authenticity, standardised authenticity and localised authenticity.Originality/valueThis study proposes original modelling that disentangles the authenticity–standardisation paradox in international gastronomy retailing. It provides evidence of the intertwining of the place of origin and the city brand in customers' in-store experience.