Explore the vast range of titles available.

This paper investigates the performance of 40 Gb/s vestigial sideband (VSB) modulation under various second-order polarization mode dispersion (PMD) models. A comparative study reveals that the planar sweep model demonstrates lower bit error rates (BER) and better eye opening compared to Bruyere and EMTY models. Key insights on received optical power and differential group delay (DGD) effects are also presented.

This paper, propose a new passive optical network (PON) system structure based on the two orthogonal polarization states of the same wavelength. This method is usually applied to increase the number of simultaneous users in the network, it can double the number of potential users. The proposed technique utilized to increase split ratio and consequently increase the reach and the split ratio. This can be achieved by implementing technologies such as power splitter. In terms of bit rate, the proposed PON offers a bit rate of 10 Gbps for downstream transmissions. The results obtained in this work are shown that the proposed system can accommodate more users simultaneously for the typical factor is greater than 6.

The polarization difference between neighboring channels in WDM systems causes various nonlinear fiber impairments such as self-phase modulation (SPM), cross-phase modulation (XPM), polarization mode dispersion (PMD), and polarization-dependent loss (PDL), resulting in a deterioration of signal quality. PMD limits the distance and the transmission speed in high bit rate optical link. PDL varies the state of polarization of light in adjacent channels to travel at slightly different speeds in the optical fiber, leading to signal distortions and increased bit error rate. This research investigates cutting-edge strategies that make use of the synergy of optical phase conjugation (OPC) and dispersion compensation module (DCM) suited for differently polarized adjacent channels in a wavelength-division multiplexing link to compensate these numerous limitations. The precise reversal of optical phase and amplitude distortions that a signal experiences during optical phase conjugation efficiently mitigates nonlinearities like SPM and XPM. The influence of chromatic dispersion, which can otherwise cause signal broadening and unfavorable inter-symbol interference, is rigorously countered by dispersion adjustment modules. The applicability of this new approach is validated by numerical simulations. For uniformly varying polarization angles between different channels, it has been found that the quality factor is highest for orthogonal polarization at 90 degrees and lowest for parallel polarization at either zero or 180 degrees. Additionally, random polarization fluctuation raises the quality factor by up to 2 dB. When using the OPC and DCM together, random polarization provides significantly greater performance. In DWDM networks, this study seeks to simultaneously mitigate nonlinear effects, dispersion-induced impairments, and polarization-dependent anomalies. By doing this, it aims to increase the network’s robustness and reduce bit error rate, allowing for the smooth and reliable transmission of high-capacity optical communications across long distances.

This article presents a novel encoder technique of spectral amplitude coded multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) systems. The proposed technique is based on two orthogonal polarization states of the same one dimensional optical code. This method is usually applied to increase the number of simultaneous users in a network, and it can double the number of potential users against the one-dimensional code. The results obtained in this work show that optical zero cross-correlation code can accommodate more users simultaneously for the typical bit error rate of optical communication system of

It is well accepted by physicists that the Manakov PMD equation is a good model to describe the evolution of nonlinear electric fields in optical fibers with randomly varying birefringence. In the regime of the diffusion approximation theory, an effective asymptotic dynamics has recently been obtained to describe this evolution. This equation is called the stochastic Manakov equation. In this article, we propose a semidiscrete version of a Crank–Nicolson scheme for this limit equation and we analyze the approximation error. Allowing sufficient regularity of the initial data, we prove that the numerical scheme has probability order 1/2 and almost sure order 1/2 – ϵ for any ϵ ∈ (0, 1/2).

Optical access networks are becoming more widespread and the use of multiple services might require a transparent optical network (TON). Multiplexing and privacy could benefit from the combination of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and optical coding (OC) and wavelength conversion in optical switches. The routing process needs to be cognizant of different resource types and characteristics such as fiber types, fiber linear impairments such as attenuation, dispersion, etc. as well as fiber nonlinear impairments such as four-wave mixing, cross-phase modulation, etc. Other types of impairments, generated by optical nodes or photonic switches, also affect the signal quality (Q) or the optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR), which is related to the bit error rate (BER). Therefore, both link and switch impairments must be addressed and somehow incorporated into the routing algorithm. However, it is not practical to fully integrate all photonic-specific attributes in the routing process. In this study, new routing parameters and constraints are defined that reflect the distinct characteristics of photonic networking. These constraints are applied to the design phase of TON and expressed as a cost or metric form that will be used in the network routing algorithm.

En este trabajo se revisan los conceptos fundamentales de la dispersión por modo de polarización (PMD: Polarization Mode Dispersion) que ocurre en fibras ópticas. PMD produce ensanchamientos aleatorios de los pulsos ópticos transmitidos a través de una fibra óptica y su efecto es considerable para velocidades de transmisión digital iguales o superiores a 10 Gbps. Se revisa la teoría de PMD y se plantea la relevancia de caracterizar el fenómeno en transmisión por fibra óptica, concluyéndose con un método de simulación de la propagación de pulsos afectados por PMD. Este trabajo constituye un punto de partida para posteriores análisis de los efectos de PMD en sistemas de transmisión, para su compensación y mediciónThis work reviews the fundamental concepts of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) occurring in optical fibers. PMD broadens optical pulses transmitted through an optical fiber at random and its effect is significant for bit rates equal or exceeding 10 Gbps. The theory of PMD and relevance of characterizing this phenomenon in optical fiber transmission is presented, concluding with a simulation model of the optical pulse propagation, subject to PMD. This provides a starting point for further analysis of the effects of PMD in transmission systems and how to measure and compensate these

This chapter provides a detailed introduction to the impact of propagation effects on an analog signal impressed on an optical carrier in fiber. The effects studied in the chapter range from linear scattering mechanisms to relatively complicated nonlinear processes. The chapter analyzes the linear Rayleigh scattering, particularly in the context of double Rayleigh scattering (DRS) events that can cause multiple‐path interference (MPI) in fiber links. The RF phase stability can be important in microwave photonic links, particularly in multichannel applications intended to maintain the relative RF phase of each channel. The frequency dependence of the index of refraction in fiber gives rise to chromatic dispersion (CD). The chapter discusses the difference between the two modal refractive indices‐the birefringence‐changes randomly in the fiber leading to polarization mode dispersion (PMD). It also discusses two nonlinear and inelastic scattering processes, stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS).