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A Gram-positive, catalase- and oxidase-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming rod bacterium, designated K3514T, was isolated from the leaves of Nicotiana tabacum. The strain was able to grow at temperatures of 8'40℃, pH 5.0'10.0 and NaCl concentrations of 0'7%. The predominant quinones (30%) of this strain were MK-7(H2) and MK-7. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain K3514T was affiliated to the genus Lysinibacillus, with its closest relatives being Lysinibacillus mangiferihumi (98.3% sequence similarity), Lysinibacillus sphaericus (97.9% sequence similarity), Lysinibacillus fusiformis (97.4% sequence similarity), and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus (97.3% sequence similarity). However, low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness values suggested that the isolate was distinct from the other closest Lysinibacillus species. Additionally, based on analysis of morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, the isolate could be differentiated from the closest known relatives. Therefore, based on polyphasic taxonomic data, the novel isolate likely represents a novel species, for which the name Lysinibacillus tabacifolii sp. nov. and the type strain K3514T (=KCTC 33042T =CCTCC AB 2012050T) are proposed.

An orange-colored bacterial strain, ICM 1 15T, was isolated from greenhouse soil. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed the highest sequence similarity with Niabella ginsengisoli GR10-1T (95.2%) and Niabella yanshanensis CCBAU 05354T (95.0%) among the type strains. The strain ICM 1 15T was a strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile, flexirubin pigment-producing, short rod-shaped bacterium. The strain grew at 15 35(optimum, 25), at a pH of 5.0 8.5 (optimum, pH 6.5), and in the presence of 0 3% NaCl (optimum, 1%). The DNA G+C content of strain ICM 1 15T was 43.6 mol%. It contained MK-7 as the major isoprenoid quinone and iso-C15:0 (38.9%), iso-C15:1 G (20.3%), and iso-C17:0 3-OH (12.9%) as the major fatty acids. On the basis of evidence from our polyphasic taxonomic study, we concluded that strain ICM 1 15T should be classified within a novel species of the genus Niabella, for which the name Niabella terrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ICM 1 15T (=KACC 17443T =JCM 19502T).

Based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic markers and the fertility of sexual crosses, two novel species of Fusarium associated with Dactylopius opuntiae (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) and Aleurocanthus woglumi (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from northeastern Brazil are described as Fusarium caatingaense and F. pernambucanum. Partial sequences of five loci were generated for 29 entomopathogenic Fusarium isolates. Multilocus phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that F. caatingaense and F. pernambucanum belong to the Incarnatum clade of the Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC). These species displayed common morphological characters such as the production of various types of aerial conidia formed on monophialides and polyphialides and differ from each other mainly in the dimensions and morphology of their sporodochial conidia. Mating type polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed 17 MAT1-1 isolates and 12 MAT1-2 isolates, all of them heterothallic. Fertile perithecia were produced in 4.2% of infraspecific crosses of F. caatingaense and in 13.3% of infraspecific crosses of F. pernambucanum after 2-3 wk. Crosses between F. caatingaense and F. pernambucanum did not result in fertile perithecia. We demonstrate the existence of a sexual stage in species of the Incarnatum clade and describe the morphological characters of these sexual morphs for the first time. These results suggest that previously unknown sexual cycles contribute to the high genetic diversity within FIESC.

A Gram-negative bacterial strain, namely Sel9 , was isolated from a sequencing batch reactor for the selection of a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-storing microbial biomass, fed with volatile fatty acids. 16S rRNA gene sequence and core genome analyses performed with maximum likelihood method evidenced that Sel9 belongs to the genus Thauera with the highest phylogenetic relatedness with Thauera butanivorans DSM 2080 (98.99%) and Thauera linaloolentis DSM 12138 (98.49%). Digital DNA-DNA hybridization and Average Nucleotide Identity (OrthoANI) values between strain Sel9 and the closest taxon, T. butanivorans DSM 2080 , were 53.20 and 93.71%, respectively, which were below the cut-off values for species delineation. The predominant cell fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω6c/C16:1 ω7c), C16:0 and summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω6c/C18:1 ω7c). Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol were the main polar lipids in the cell. Genome mining detected nine biosynthetic gene clusters, including ectoine, pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-redox and a genus-rare nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene cluster, plus the acyclic terpene utilization pathway predicting growth on linalool. The combination of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic features led to consider strain Sel9 as a representative of a novel species within the genus Thauera. Therefore, given its remarkable ability to store carbon sources, for the type strain Sel9 (=LMG 33225 =BAC RE RB 2381 =VUCC 376 ) the name of Thauera carbonocopians sp. nov. is here proposed. Eventually, this study represents the first comprehensive investigation of biosynthetic gene clusters and the comparative genomics analysis of PHA metabolism within the genus Thauera.

Lloyd and Tahon recently criticized proposed bacterial phylum nomenclature changes (K.G. Lloyd, G. Tahon, Nat Rev Microbiol 20:123-124, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-022-00684-2 ) precipitated by the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP)’s official recognition of phylum nomenclature rules. Here, we extend the critique. Lloyd and Tahon recently criticized proposed bacterial phylum nomenclature changes (K.G. Lloyd, G. Tahon, Nat Rev Microbiol 20:123-124, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-022-00684-2 ) precipitated by the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP)’s official recognition of phylum nomenclature rules. Here, we extend the critique. While we applaud bringing consistency to phylum names, we prognosticate what this minute but momentous change entails for the future of microbial nomenclature and how this will sow confusion among researchers. Several pitfalls of the proposed ICSP framework-based nomenclature are also detailed, including (i) improper type genus name and suffix usage, (ii) loss of Bacteria / Archaea distinctions, (iii) disruption of major phylum name prefixes, and (iv) absence of organism name prevalidation. Finally, we suggest new names for the key bacterial phyla Proteobacteria ( Proteobacteriota ), Firmicutes ( Firmicuteota ), Actinobacteria ( Actinobacteriota ), and Tenericutes ( Tenericuteota ), while keeping the archaeal phylum names Crenarchaeota , Thaumarchaeota , and Euryarchaeota . Together, these changes will help researchers attain chaos-free uniform nomenclature.

A new species of sect. isolated from soil in China is proposed based on polyphasic taxonomy, namely, . Morphologically, this new taxon is characterized by limited growth on culturing media Czapek yeast autolysate agar (CYA), yeast extract sucrose agar (YES), Czapek solution agar (Cz) and oatmeal agar (OA), with sparse sporulation on CYA, Cz, OA, while abundant sporulation on YES, and moderate growth and sporulation on 5% malt extract agar (MEA), producing apically vesiculate stipes, loose biverticillate penicilli with metulae and phialides unequal in length, bearing ampuliform phialides and smooth-walled, ovoid, ellipsoidal to fusiform conidia. The proposed taxonomic novelty is supported by the phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated ITS sequence matrix. The new species is in the clade including , , , and , closely related to .

Callithrix comprises primates popularly known as marmosets. In the city of Rio de Janeiro, the occurrence of a hybrid form of invasive species prevails. These animals, treated here as Callithrix spp., host several microorganisms in their microbiota, some of which can be pathogenic for humans. The aim of this study to describe culture-dependent yeast microbiota of the oral, rectal, and vaginal mucosae of hybrid marmosets ( Callithrix spp.) inhabiting an urban–forest interface in the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro. Oral, rectal and vaginal samples were collected from 12 individuals during the winter of 2022. Animals were apparently healthy. The microbial agents obtained by culture isolation were identified to species level by polyphasic taxonomy using the MALDI-TOF MS and partial sequence of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8 S-ITS2) of ribosomal. A total of 26 fungal isolates were obtained. The most isolated species in the study was Candida parapsilosis , and the least frequent yeast were of genus Pichia sp., Trichosporon sp., and Torulaspora sp. Fungal infections in wild animals, depending on the causal agent, can be extremely pathogenic and contagious not only among animals, but also among humans, therefore fungal identification in these animals is important for future perspective.

Aims Bacteria possessing ACC deaminase activity reduce the level of stress ethylene conferring resistance and stimulating growth of plants under various biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study aims at isolating efficient ACC deaminase producing PGPR strains from the rhizosphere of rice plants grown in coastal saline soils and quantifying the effect of potent PGPR isolates on rice seed germination and seedling growth under salinity stress and ethylene production from rice seedlings inoculated with ACC deaminase containing PGPR. Methods Soils from root region of rice growing in coastal soils of varying salinity were used for isolating ACC deaminase producing bacteria and three bacterial isolates were identified following polyphasic taxonomy. Seed germination, root growth and stress ethylene production in rice seedlings following inoculation with selected PGPR under salt stress were quantified. Results Inoculation with selected PGPR isolates had considerable positive impacts on different growth parameters of rice including germination percentage, shoot and root growth and chlorophyll content as compared to uninoculated control. Inoculation with the ACC deaminase producing strains reduced ethylene production under salinity stress. Conclusions This study demonstrates the effectiveness of rhizobacteria containing ACC deaminase for enhancing salt tolerance and consequently improving the growth of rice plants under salt-stress conditions.

Strain M28T was isolated from subsoil obtained from decaying wheat straw. Cells were Gram-positive, non-motile, short rod-shaped and formed yellowish colonies on lysogeny broth (LB) agar. The strain was able to grow at 0-8% (w/v) NaCl , 15-40 °C and pH 5.5-10.0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, core genes and whole-genome indicated that strain M28T belonged to the genus Microbacterium but was distinct from all known strains in this genus. Based on phenotypic, genotypic, chemical taxono mic and phylogenetic analyses, strain M28T is a representative of a new species of Microbacterium, which is proposed to be named Microbacterium triticisoli sp. nov., the type strain is M28T (=CCTCC AA 2022021T =JCM 35796T). Genomic analysis revealed multiple metal resistance systems, antibiotic resistance determinants and oxidative stress defense genes, explaining its exceptional environmental adaptability. Notably, the strain reduced 99% of 50 mg/L Cr(VI) within 24 h under optimized conditions (37 °C, pH 7.0, 2.5 g/L sucrose) and tolerated Cr(VI) concentrations up to 125 mg/L. This study identifies M. triticisoli as a promising agent for chromium bioremediation, providing a foundation for engineering microbial solutions to heavy metal pollution.Strain M28T was isolated from subsoil obtained from decaying wheat straw. Cells were Gram-positive, non-motile, short rod-shaped and formed yellowish colonies on lysogeny broth (LB) agar. The strain was able to grow at 0-8% (w/v) NaCl , 15-40 °C and pH 5.5-10.0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, core genes and whole-genome indicated that strain M28T belonged to the genus Microbacterium but was distinct from all known strains in this genus. Based on phenotypic, genotypic, chemical taxono mic and phylogenetic analyses, strain M28T is a representative of a new species of Microbacterium, which is proposed to be named Microbacterium triticisoli sp. nov., the type strain is M28T (=CCTCC AA 2022021T =JCM 35796T). Genomic analysis revealed multiple metal resistance systems, antibiotic resistance determinants and oxidative stress defense genes, explaining its exceptional environmental adaptability. Notably, the strain reduced 99% of 50 mg/L Cr(VI) within 24 h under optimized conditions (37 °C, pH 7.0, 2.5 g/L sucrose) and tolerated Cr(VI) concentrations up to 125 mg/L. This study identifies M. triticisoli as a promising agent for chromium bioremediation, providing a foundation for engineering microbial solutions to heavy metal pollution.

Polysaccharides are recognized for their extensive biological functions, holding significant promise for applications in both medicine and food industries. However, their utilization is frequently constrained by challenges such as high molecular weights and indistinct sugar chain structures. Recently, two novel bacterial strains, N6 T and J3 T , were isolated from the Nakdong River in Korea. These strains, which belong to the phylum Bacteroidota , are Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria and have shown polysaccharide-degrading capabilities. Through comprehensive analyses, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, whole-genome sequencing, and detailed morphological, physiological, and chemotaxonomic characterizations, these strains have been identified as new species within the genus Flavobacterium . KEGG pathway analysis further confirmed their robust capabilities for carbohydrate utilization. Additional investigations using the dbCAN and dbCAN-PUL databases identified the presence of carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes (CAZymes) and polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) within these strains, suggesting their potential to degrade various polysaccharides. Subsequent in vitro growth experiments demonstrated that strains N6 T and J3 T can degrade chitin, β-glucan, κ-carrageenan, and cellulose. Given their diverse polysaccharide degradation abilities, these strains are formally proposed to be named Flavobacterium polysaccharolyticum sp. nov. and Flavobacterium aureirubrum sp. nov. The type strains are designated as N6 T (= KCTC 102173 T  = GDMCC 1.4609 T ) and J3 T (= KCTC 102172 T  = GDMCC 1.4608 T ), respectively.