Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
818,396
result(s) for
"population science"
Sort by:
Challenges of ageing : pensions, retirement and generational justice
\"Over recent decades, population ageing has become a truly global issue and has increasingly moved to the centre of public attention. Leading international experts in the political and social sciences, demography and history analyse the political and social consequences of demographic ageing. Together the contributions offer three main observations. First, the steadily-rising share of retirees has put pension systems under increasing pressure and has provoked profound pension reforms in many industrialized countries. Second, ageing societies experience significant changes both in the established patterns of transition from work to retirement as well as in the traditional concepts of retirement and old age. Third, running alongside the shift in the balance between younger and older people, the questions of generational justice have increasingly gained prominence in the Western world. This book is essential reading for all those concerned with the profound challenges faced by an ageing world\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Brain artery diameters and risk of dementia and stroke
INTRODUCTION We tested the association of brain artery diameters with dementia and stroke risk in three distinct population‐based studies using conventional T2‐weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. METHODS We included 8420 adults > 40 years old from three longitudinal population‐based studies with brain MRI scans. We estimated and meta‐analyzed the hazard ratios (HRs) of the brain and carotids and basilar diameters associated with dementia and stroke. RESULT Overall and carotid artery diameters > 95th percentile increased the risk for dementia by 1.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13–2.68) and 1.48 (95% CI, 1.12–1.96) fold, respectively. For stroke, meta‐analyses yielded HRs of 1.59 (95% CI, 1.04–2.42) for overall arteries and 2.11 (95% CI, 1.45–3.08) for basilar artery diameters > 95th percentile. DISCUSSION Individuals with dilated brain arteries are at higher risk for dementia and stroke, across distinct populations. Our findings underline the potential value of T2‐weighted brain MRI‐based brain diameter assessment in estimating the risk of dementia and stroke.
Journal Article
Microtrends squared : the new small forces driving the big disruptions today
Identifies the next wave of trends reshaping the future of business, culture, and politics, sharing recommendations for entrepreneurs and business leaders for making the most of today's dynamic power relationships.
Book
68 Blue monday - association between incidence of STEMI and day of the week
BackgroundPrevious studies have shown a circadian association with the incidence of myocardial infarction, with a higher incidence on a Monday. We sought to establish whether there was any association between rates of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and day of the week in an Irish populationMethodsAll STEMIs recorded in the Republic of Ireland national ACS database, and from both centres providing primary PCI in Northern Ireland, from January 2013 through March 2018 were included in the analysis. Dates of admission were grouped by day of the week. Chi-Square goodness-of-fit test was performed across the entire data set. Odds ratios and Chi-Square independence tests were calculated for each day versus the mean of the other 6 days of the week.Results10,528 patients were included in the analysis (7,112 in the Republic of Ireland, 3,416 in Northern Ireland). Chi-Square goodness-of-fit test showed a significant deviation from an even distribution across the week (p<0.000). The total number of STEMI vs mean by day of week are reported in Figure 1 below. The incidence of STEMI was significantly higher on Mondays: OR 1.13 (p=0.015). Relative odds ratios and p values are reported in Figure 2 below.SummaryWe found an association between the incidence of STEMI and the start of the working week. There is a significantly higher incidence of STEMI on Mondays.Abstract 68 Figure 1Incidence of STEMI by day of the week. (NB truncated y-axis)Abstract 68 Figure 2Relative odds ratio of STEMI by day of the week. P values from Chi-square vs other 6 daysConflict of InterestNone
Journal Article
Human peoples : on the genetic traces of human evolution, migration and adaptation
We are living through a revolution in knowledge. Over the last twenty years, genetics has shed new light on the history of humanity. It allows us to analyze an individual's genome, compare it with populations all over the world, then show its place in migrations across continents. Here one of the scientists at the forefront of this research, biologist Lluís Quintana-Murci, reveals how population genetics is transforming our understanding of who we are. Thanks to its many discoveries, we now know that Homo Sapiens freely mixed with other human species, including Neanderthals, which allowed them to adapt to new environments and survive disease.
BOOK
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring for risk stratification in obese and non-obese subjects from 10 populations
Overweight clusters with high blood pressure (BP), but the independent contribution of both risk factors remains insufficiently documented. In a prospective population study involving 8467 participants (mean age 54.6 years; 47.0% women) randomly recruited from 10 populations, we studied the contribution of body mass index (BMI) to risk over and beyond BP, taking advantage of the superiority of ambulatory over conventional BP. Over 10.6 years (median), 1271 participants (15.0%) died and 1092 (12.9%), 637 (7.5%) and 443 (5.2%) experienced a fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular, cardiac or cerebrovascular event. Adjusted for sex and age, low BMI (<20.7 kg m
−2
) predicted death (hazard ratio (HR) vs average risk, 1.52;
P
<0.0001) and high BMI (⩾30.9 kg m
−2
) predicted the cardiovascular end point (HR, 1.27;
P=
0.006). With adjustments including 24-h systolic BP, these HRs were 1.50 (
P
<0.001) and 0.98 (
P
=0.91), respectively. Across quartiles of the BMI distribution, 24-h and nighttime systolic BP predicted every end point (1.13⩽standardized HR ⩽1.67; 0.046 ⩽
P
<0.0001). The interaction between systolic BP and BMI was nonsignificant (
P
⩾0.22). Excluding smokers removed the contribution of BMI categories to the prediction of mortality. In conclusion, BMI only adds to BP in risk stratification for mortality but not for cardiovascular outcomes. Smoking probably explains the association between increased mortality and low BMI.
Journal Article
Ten billion
\"Just 10,000 years ago, there were only one million humans on Earth. By 1800, just over two hundred years ago, there were one billion of us. By 1960, there were three billion. There are now over seven billion of us. By 2050, there will be at least nine billion other people--and, sometime near the end of this century, there will be at least ten billion of us. There is simply no known way to provide this many people with clothes, food, and fresh water. And any action we take to address these issues will turn up the thermostat on global warming. Stephen Emmott has dedicated his career to researching the effects of humans on the Earth's natural systems. This is his call to arms, an urgent plea to re-imagine the interconnected web of our global problems in a new light\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Defining survival epidemiology: postdiagnosis population science for people living with disease
Epidemiology is largely organized to explain who becomes ill, yet many clinical and public health decisions occur after diagnosis. I introduce and formally define survival epidemiology as a new branch of science focused on assessing how people live longer and better with established disease, and I provide justification that prevention estimates should not be assumed to apply postdiagnosis.
Conceptual and methodological commentary synthesizing evidence across cardiovascular, renal, oncologic, pulmonary, and hepatic conditions and integrating causal-inference and time-to-event principles for postdiagnosis questions.
Across diseases, associations measured for incidence often fail to reproduce, and sometimes reverse, among patients with established disease. Diagnosis acts as a causal threshold that changes time scales and bias structures, including conditioning on disease (collider stratification), time-dependent confounding, immortal time bias, and reverse causation. Credible postdiagnosis inference requires designs that emulate randomized trials; explicit alignment of time zero with clinical decision points; strategies defined as used in practice; and handling of competing risks, multistate transitions, and longitudinal biomarkers (including joint models when appropriate). Essential postdiagnosis data include stage, molecular subtype, prior therapy lines, dose intensity and modifications, adverse events, performance status, and patient-reported outcomes. Recommended practice is parallel estimation of prevention and postdiagnosis survival effects for the same exposure–disease pairs and routine reporting of heterogeneity by stage, subtype, treatment pathway, and time since diagnosis.
Prevention and postdiagnosis survival are distinct inferential targets. Journals should require clarity on whether claims pertain to prevention or survival and report target-trial elements; guideline bodies should distinguish prevention from survival recommendations when evidence allows; and funders, training programs, and public communication should support survival-focused methods, data standards, and context-specific messaging for people living with disease.
•Defines survival epidemiology as a postdiagnosis branch of population science.•Treats diagnosis as a causal threshold that reshapes risks, biases, and time scales.•Emphasizes target trial emulation, MSMs, joint models, and multistate risks.•Proposes routine tests for prevention–survival nonequivalence.•Recommends journals and guidelines separate prevention and postdiagnosis survival.
Journal Article
Immigration and population
\"Immigration is the primary cause of population change in developed countries and a major component of population change in many developing countries. This clear and perceptive text discusses how immigration impacts population size, composition, and distribution. The authors address major socio-political issues of immigration through the lens of demography, bringing demographic insights to bear on a number of pressing questions currently discussed in the media, such as: Does immigration stimulate the economy? Do immigrants put an excessive strain on health care systems? How does the racial and ethnic composition of immigrants challenge what it means to be American (or French or German)? By systematically exploring demographic topics such as fertility, health, education, and age and sex structures, the book provides students of immigration with a broader understanding of the impact of immigration on populations and offers new ways to think about immigration and society\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Wombs of empire : population discourses and biopolitics in modern Japan
Japan's contemporary struggle with low fertility rates is a well-known issue, as are the country's efforts to bolster their population in order to address attendant socioeconomic challenges. However, though this anxiety about and discourse around population is thought of as relatively recent phenomenon, government and medical intervention in reproduction and fertility are hardly new in Japan. The \"population problem (jinko mondai)\" became a buzzword in the country over a century ago, in the 1910s, with a growing call among Japanese social scientists and social reformers to solve what were seen as existential demographic issues. In this book, Sujin Lee traces the trajectory of population discourses in interwar and wartime Japan, and positions them as critical sites where competing visions of modernity came into tension. Lee destabilizes the essentialized notions of motherhood and population by dissecting gender norms, modern knowledge, and government practices, each of which played a crucial role in valorizing, regulating, and mobilizing women's maternal bodies and responsibilities in the name of population governance. Bringing a feminist perspective and Foucauldian theory to bear on the history of Japan's wartime scientific fascism, Lee shows how anxieties over demographics have undergirded justifications for ethnonationalism and racism, colonialism and imperialism, and gender segregation for much of Japan's modern history.
eBook