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Poverty is an indicator in the economy that shows the level of people’s welfare. One of the factors that affect the level of poverty is the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This study aimed to determine the effect of use-side GDP on achieving the poverty rate in Indonesia. The research method used is quantitative, and data collection taken from secondary data in the form of poverty data and GDP data sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) from 2009 to 2021, which were then processed with Excel and analyzed using the Eviews9 application, using path analysis techniques to determine the model used is whether it adheres to the expected effect, fixed effect, and random effect by going through the chow test. The study results show that consumption expenditures, government expenditures, private investment, and net exports affect the poverty level in Indonesia. This study’s findings indicate that poverty is not only solved by increasing economic growth. Thus, improving the quality of human resources will influence poverty reduction significantly. Siromaštvo je indikator u gospodarstvu koji pokazuje razinu blagostanja ljudi. Jedan od faktora koji utječu na razinu siromaštva je bruto domaći proizvod (BDP). Ovo je istraživanje imalo za cilj utvrditi učinak korištenja BDP-a na stopu siromaštva u Indoneziji. Korištena metoda istraživanja je kvantitativna, a prikupljanje podataka preuzeto je iz sekundarnih podataka u obliku podataka o siromaštvu i BDP-u iz Državnog zavoda za statistiku (BPS) od 2009. do 2021. godine, koji su zatim obrađeni u Excelu i analizirani pomoću aplikacije Eviews9, koristeći tehnike analize putanje kako bi se utvrdilo da li se korišteni model pridržava očekivanog učinka, fiksnog učinka i slučajnog učinka prolaskom kroz Chow-test. Rezultati studije pokazuju da izdaci za potrošnju, državni izdaci, privatna ulaganja i neto izvoz utječu na razinu siromaštva u Indoneziji. Nalazi ove studije pokazuju da se siromaštvo ne rješava samo povećanjem gospodarskog rasta. Stoga će poboljšanje kvalitete ljudskih resursa značajno utjecati na smanjenje siromaštva

A new data set on national poverty lines is combined with new price data and almost 700 household surveys to estimate absolute poverty measures for the developing world. We find that 25% of the population lived in poverty in 2005, as judged by what “poverty” typically means in the world's poorest countries. This is higher than past estimates. Substantial overall progress is still indicated—the corresponding poverty rate was 52% in 1981—but progress was very uneven across regions. The trends over time and regional profile are robust to various changes in methodology, though precise counts are more sensitive.

To support China’s national poverty alleviation strategies, it is urgent to develop a scientific method for identifying the poverty-stricken villages and the contributing factors. Based on the anti-poverty plan of “Entire-Village Advancement” of China and the human-environment interaction perspective, the paper proposes a participatory poverty identification model that utilizes geographic information system to quantify and integrate various contributing factors for poverty at the village level. First, a set of poverty identification factors are determined from the human-environment interaction perspective. Secondly, the game theory is used to combine the participatory subjective weight method and the objective entropy method to weight the factors, and a participatory poverty identification with minimum variance model is developed to identify the poverty-stricken villages and their contributing factors. Finally, the model is applied to Qianjiang District in Chongqing, and the case study demonstrates the effectiveness of the model. The model not only identifies the poverty-stricken villages systematically but also helps guide policies for effective poverty interventions.

The contribution of recent “multidimensional indices of poverty” may not be as obvious as one thinks. There are two issues in assessing that contribution: whether one believes that a single index can ever be a sufficient statistic of poverty, and whether one aggregates in the space of “attainments,” using prices when appropriate, or “deprivations,” using weights set by the analyst. The paper argues that we should aim for a credible set of multiple indices rather than a single multidimensional index. Partial aggregation will still be necessary, but ideally the weights should be consistent with well-informed choices by poor people.

In this study, we examined the spatial distribution of subjective poverty across Turkey’s provinces. To accomplish this, we utilized the proportion of individuals who reported an inability to meet their basic needs, as reflected in the life index indicators computed by the Turkish Statistical Institute. After mapping the distribution of this variable by province, Moran’s I statistic, which is the spatial interaction statistic, was calculated It has been determined that the spatial distribution of subjective poverty is not random. It has been observed that the subjective poverty or perception of poverty in the context of the provinces of Turkey is similar and has a cluster. The existence of local clusters belonging to this statistic was investigated with LISA statistic and Getis-0rd statistic. According to the findings, the provinces that are high spots are generally the ones in the southeast and eastern regions of Turkey. Low spot areas are generally seen in the provinces in the western part of the country. According to the local spatial heterogeneity statistic , it is seen that the provinces in high and low spots are not different from their neighbors.

We conduct an empirical analysis of the geographic, economic, and social factors that contributed to the spread of civil war in Nepal over the period 1996-2006. This within-country analysis complements existing cross-country studies on the same subject. Using a detailed dataset to track civil war casualties across space and over time, several patterns are documented. Conflict-related deaths are significantly higher in poorer districts and in geographical locations that favor insurgents, such as mountains and forests; a 10 percentage point increase in poverty is associated with 25-27 additional conflict-related deaths. This result is similar to that documented in cross-country studies. In addition, the relationship with poverty and geography is similar for deaths caused by the insurgents and deaths caused by the state. Furthermore, poorer districts are likely to be drawn into the insurgency earlier, consistent with the theory that a lower cost of recruiting rebels is an important factor in starting conflict. On the other hand, geographic factors are not significantly associated with such onset, suggesting that they instead contribute to the intensity of violence only after conflict has started. Finally, in contrast to some cross-country analyses, ethnic and caste polarization, land inequality, and political participation are not significantly associated with violence.

China is undergoing a campaign which is called “The Targeted Poverty Alleviation Policy” to eradicate extreme poverty from rural China until 2020. Though poverty in rural China has been studied intensively in different objective dimensions, little attention has been paid to poverty line settings and subjective poverty, which are hinged to the policy effects. In order to fill in the research gap, this study employs a nationally representative survey of rural households in 2016, to measure subjective poverty in rural China, and analyze the determinants as well. Our results indicate that the mean subjective poverty line of the rural households is 8297 yuan per capita, which is far higher than the national poverty line (2800 yuan). Statistically, 29% of the surveyed rural households who are not objectively poor feel subjectively poor. The objective poverty line cannot fully reflect the subjective poverty perception. Thus, how to reduce the subjective poverty perception could be a major policy agenda in rural China after 2020, when extreme poverty is no longer a problem.

Employing a view of culture as a communicative phenomenon involving discursive engagement, the authors argue that the struggle to break free of poverty is as much a cultural process as it is political and economic. The authors analyze public meetings in Indian village democracies, gram sabhas, where villagers are constitutionally empowered to make decisions regarding budgetary allocations for village development and beneficiary selection for antipoverty programs. They examine 290 transcripts of gram sabhas from South India, looking at how they create a culture of civic/political engagement and how the definition of poverty is understood within them. They highlight how gram sabhas impart discursive skills and civic agency and illustrate how the poor deploy these skills in a resource-scarce and socially stratified environment. The intersection of poverty, culture, and deliberative democracy sheds light on cultural processes that can be influenced by public action in a manner that helps improve the voice and agency of the poor.

The fundamental role that agriculture plays in development has long been recognized. In the seminal work on the subject, agriculture was seen as a source of contributions that helped induce industrial growth and a structural transformation of the economy. However, globalization, integrated value chains, rapid technological and institutional innovations, and environmental constraints have deeply changed the context for agriculture's role. We argue that a new paradigm is needed that recognizes agriculture's multiple functions for development in that emerging context: triggering economic growth, reducing poverty, narrowing income disparities, providing food security, and delivering environmental services. Yet, governments and donors have neglected these functions of agriculture with the result that agriculture growth has been reduced, 75% of world poverty is rural, sectoral income disparities have exploded, food insecurity has returned, and environmental degradation is widespread, compromising sustainability. Mobilizing these functions requires shifting the political economy to overcome antiagriculture policy biases, strengthening governance for agriculture, and tailoring priorities to country conditions.

Sixteen years ago, Prahalad and Hart (Strategy + Business 26:2-14, 2002) introduced the possibility of both profitably serving the poor and alleviating poverty. This first iteration of the Bottom/Base of the Pyramid approach (known as BoP 1.0) focused on selling to the poor. In 2008, after ethical criticisms leveled at it, the field moved to BoP 2.0, instead emphasizing business co-venturing. Since 2015, we have witnessed some calls for a new iteration (BoP 3.0), with the focus broadening to a more sustainable development approach to poverty alleviation. In this paper, we seek to answer the question: How has the BoP approach evolved over the past 16 years, and has it delivered on its early promise? We conducted a systematic review of 276 papers published in journals in this period, utilizing a rigorous correspondence analysis method to map key trends, and then further examined the 22 empirical studies conducted on the BoP approach. Our results suggest that the field has evolved, passing through a number of trends and coming full circle—with our analysis pointing to more recent BoP literature emphasizing similar themes to those espoused in the initial BoP iteration (i.e., treating the BoP as consumers), rather than reflecting the principles espoused in either BoP 2.0 or BoP 3.0. Our analysis also points to a lack of clear evidence that the BoP concept has delivered on its promise either to businesses (that they can serve BoP markets profitably) or to BoP participants (that involvement by multinational corporations will help alleviate poverty).