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Aussi bien dans les États qu’au niveau international, il est devenu courant de s’appuyer sur des indicateurs pour fixer des objectifs quantifiés et évaluer l’évolution de l’action publique et des fonctionnements administratifs. La recherche en sciences sociales qui traite du développement des indicateurs de performance est abondante et relève de traditions intellectuelles variées. Beaucoup assimilent ce mouvement à une composante du tournant néo-libéral et à une manifestation du New Public Management. Ce dossier explore les tensions entre l’utilisation d’indicateurs et l’exercice du pouvoir, en soulignant l’ambivalence de cette relation, le chiffre étant tantôt craint, tantôt désiré. Trois dimensions interdépendantes sont distinguées pour analyser le gouvernement par les indicateurs : les enjeux de savoir, les logiques de pouvoir et les formes de publicisation qui leur sont associées. Les quatre textes rassemblés portent principalement sur le suivi des résultats de politiques publiques, nationales ou internationales, abordés par des auteurs relevant de plusieurs disciplines. Ils rappellent que l’élaboration d’indicateurs participe de la construction des problèmes publics pris en charge. Ils confirment l’intérêt des analyses qui prennent au sérieux d’une part la fabrication des nombres et les conventions de calcul retenues et, d’autre part, les dispositifs de gouvernement dans lesquels ils s’inscrivent. Enfin, ils montrent que le gouvernement par les indicateurs débouche sur des formes nouvelles de bureaucratisation. At national as well as at international level, it has become frequent to use indicators to set quantified goals and to monitor the evolution of public policies and bureaucracies. Social science research dealing with the development of performance measures is extensive and related to various intellectual traditions. Many consider this movement as a component of the neo-liberal turn and as an expression of the New Public Management. This symposium explores the tensions between the use of indicators and the exercise of power, underlining the ambivalence of this relationship, figures being both feared and desired. Three interdependent dimensions are differentiated to analyse the government by numbers: the challenges of knowledge, the logic of power and the types of publicisation that are linked to them. The four collected papers mainly deal with questions related to the monitoring of the results of public policies, discussed by authors belonging to various disciplines. They remind us that the definition of indicators plays a role in the manufacturing of political problems. They confirm how important it is to analyse in depth the way numbers are created and computed as well as the management and government devices in which they are embedded. Finally, they show that the government by indicators often triggers new forms of bureaucratisation.

Although social constructionism (SC) and Foucauldian discourse analysis (FDA) are well established constructionist analytical methods, this article propose that Foucauldian discourse analysis is more useful for qualitative data analysis as it examines social legitimacy. While the SC is able to illuminate how the “meaning” of our social action is constructed through our everyday interaction in socio-cultural and political contexts, questions emerge that are beyond the scope of the SC. These questions are concerned with understanding how the construction of “meaning” is connected to the power imbalance in our society, as well as how a particular version of reality comes to us as truth, having excluded other versions. Moreover, SC does not distinguish between successful and unsuccessful/marginalized claims. This article reflects on how using FDA addresses weaknesses in SC when used in qualitative data analysis, using specific examples from different literature.

From statistical calculations to psychological knowledge, from profiling to scenario planning, and from biometric data to predictive algorithms, International Relations scholars have shed light on the multiple forms of knowledge deployed in the governing of populations and their political effects. Recent scholarship in critical border and security studies has drawn attention to ‘the other side of knowledge’ and has developed a vibrant conversation with the emergent interdisciplinary field of ignorance studies. This article proposes to advance these conversations on governing through non-knowledge by nuancing the analysis of power/(non-)knowledge/subjectivity relations. Firstly, we expand the analysis of non-knowledge by attending to the problematisation of errors and fakes in controversies at Europe's borders. Errors have emerged in relation to border actors’ practices and technologies, while migrant practices, documentation, and narratives are deemed to be potentially ‘fake’, ‘fraudulent’, or ‘false’. Secondly, we explore how different subjectivities are produced through regimes of error/truth and fake/authenticity. We argue that there are important epistemic differences between ‘fake’ and ‘error’, that they are entangled with different techniques of power and produce highly differentiated subjectivities. Finally, we attend to how these subjectivities are enacted within racialised hierarchies and ask whether non-knowledge can be mobilised to challenge these hierarchies.

National narratives and collective historical consciousness have long shaped how ethnic identities and knowledge are legitimized in Malaysia. Yet the rise of digital media between 2010 and 2015, a period marked by political realignment, heightened ethno-religious contestation, and state reassertion through legal controls, which created a pivotal discursive window in which competing historical truths were publicly negotiated. This study investigates how ideologies such as Ketuanan Melayu (Malay supremacy) were discursively embedded in online news narratives during this formative era. Drawing on Stuart Hall’s theory of representation (focusing on signification and encoding), Michel Foucault’s power/knowledge framework (emphasising regimes of truth and discursive formation), and Edward Said’s concept of internal Orientalism (highlighting the racialised positioning of ethnic ‘Others’), the research employs Carla Willig’s six-step Foucauldian Discourse Analysis within a social constructionist paradigm. From an initial corpus of 288 articles published between 2010 and 2015 by The Star Online (English-medium, secular-liberal) and Utusan Malaysia Online (Malay-medium, Malay-Muslim nationalist), a purposive subsample of 59 texts substantively engaging with historical narratives was selected for in-depth analysis. Findings reveal that digital news platforms not only reproduced hegemonic ethno-nationalist discourses, particularly through the conflation of Malay identity with Islam and constitutional privilege, but also exposes tensions in Malaysia’s national narrative, where hegemonic and counter-hegemonic historical accounts contest legitimacy, where alternative readings of history briefly gained traction before being constrained by the 2015 Sedition Act amendments. While the study’s scope is intentionally focused on mainstream media discourses (acknowledging limited Chinese and Indian community representation), it illuminates how online journalism functioned as both an archival mechanism and a battleground for historical legitimacy. By situating digital narratives within specific historical and institutional conditions, this article contributes to critical debates in postcolonial media theory and discursive historiography demonstrating that the politics of representation in Malaysia’s cyberspace is never neutral, but constitutive of identity, power, and national belonging. How Online News Shapes Ethnic Identity in Malaysia: Exploring Digital Narratives and Power This study examines how two major online newspapers in Malaysia: The Star Online and Utusan Malaysia Online, present the country’s history. We analysed articles published between 2010 and 2015 to understand how these news outlets describe ethnic groups, national identity, and historical events. The findings show that some news stories tend to emphasise Malay political and cultural dominance, while others offer more balanced or critical views. These patterns matter because the way history is reported in the media influences how people see themselves and others in a multicultural society. By studying the language used in online news, this research helps explain how media can reinforce divisions or encourage more inclusive understandings of national identity.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the act of shadow reporting by a social movement organisation as a form of shadow accounting within a sustained campaign against a target corporation. Situated within a consideration of power relations, the rationales underlying the production of the shadow report, and the shadow reports perceived value and limits as a shadow accounting mechanism, are investigated.Design/methodology/approachA Foucauldian approach to power/knowledge and truth is drawn upon in the analysis of a single case study. Alongside a consideration of the shadow report itself, interviews with both the preparers of the report and senior management of the corporation targeted comprise the main data.FindingsThe paper provides an empirical investigation into shadow reporting as a form of shadow accounting. While a range of insights are garnered into the preparation, dissemination and impact of the shadow report, key findings relate to a consideration of power relations. The perceived “truth” status of corporate accounts compared to accounts prepared by shadow accountants is problematised through a consideration of technologies of power and power/knowledge formations. Power relations are subsequently recognised as fundamental to the emancipatory potential of shadow reporting.Research limitations/implicationsResults from a single case study are presented. Furthermore, given the production of the shadow report occurred several years prior to the collection of data, participants were asked to reflect on past events. Findings are therefore based on those reflections.Originality/valueWhile previous studies have considered the preparation of shadow reports and their transformative potential, this study is, the author believes, the first to empirically analyse the preparation, dissemination and perceived impacts of shadow reporting from the perspectives of both the shadow report producers and the target corporation.

The concept of relational values, which came to prominence in the 2010s, proposes a way of attributing value to nature beyond traditional notions of instrumental and intrinsic valuations. This third semantic domain of value has attracted significant attention within academia, and at academia's interface with policy and management. Consequently, this attention has led to research that analytically employs the concept to help name the specific relational values that are relevant to certain individuals and communities. This double-naming process, i.e., relational values as an overarching concept and the naming of specific relational values within it, yields substantial new knowledge regarding human-nature relationships, which, according to Foucauldian theory, means that this knowledge is exerting power. In this paper, I propose the term relational-values apparatus for the assemblage of heterogeneous entities and associations that produce knowledge regarding human-nature relationships utilizing the concept of relational values. By naming and explaining this power-exerting apparatus, the concept of relational values becomes more transparent and useful as a tool for managing complex social-ecological systems.

In this paper, I delve into the application of a social constructionist, critical, and Foucauldian approach, and shed light on the complexities and nuances that arise when studying human behaviour and societal dynamics. While social constructionism offers valuable insights into how social action is constructed within everyday interactions in political and socio-cultural contexts, it also prompts further inquiries that extend beyond its epistemological scope. To address these broader questions, I propose a threefold approach that combines a critical perspective, a Foucauldian methodology, and social constructionism. By incorporating these complementary lenses, researchers can more effectively explore the intricate relationship between participant meaning and power imbalances within society. Additionally, this approach allows for an examination of how specific ways of being and doing become privileged as truth, while alternative perspectives and experiences are marginalised or excluded. The article serves as a theoretical foundation for understanding social constructionism, critical psychology, and Foucauldian methodology. It offers readers a comprehensive guide and a set of reflective tools to enhance their qualitative research practices. By considering the complexities of social legitimacy, critique, power imbalances, and the construction of truth, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the phenomena they investigate. Ultimately, this multifaceted approach contributes to a more nuanced and insightful analysis of social phenomena and facilitates a more inclusive exploration of diverse perspectives and versions of reality.

Recent advances in computing allows researchers to propose the automation of hydroponic systems to boost efficiency and reduce manpower demands, hence increasing agricultural produce and profit. A completely automated hydroponic system should be equipped with tools capable of detecting plant diseases in real-time. Despite the availability of deep-learning-based plant disease detection models, the existing models are not designed for an embedded system environment, and the models cannot realistically be deployed on resource-constrained IoT devices such as raspberry pi or a smartphone. Some of the drawbacks of the existing models are the following: high computational resource requirements, high power consumption, dissipates energy rapidly, and occupies large storage space due to large complex structure. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed a low-power deep learning model for plant disease detection using knowledge distillation techniques. The proposed low-power model has a simple network structure of a shallow neural network. The parameters of the model were also reduced by more than 90%. This reduces its computational requirements as well as its power consumption. The proposed low-power model has a maximum power consumption of 6.22 w, which is significantly lower compared to the existing models, and achieved a detection accuracy of 99.4%.

The World Health Organization notes that diabetes, a chronic disease, is a silent epidemic, and by 2020 there will be a 54% rise in the total number of individuals diagnosed with this disease. These are alarming figures that have significant repercussions for the quality of life of individuals and their families as well as for the financial stress of health care systems globally. Early detection and proactive management of diabetes is essential. The Diamond solution provides diabetes self-management by enabling patients to send details about their blood sugar readings at specific times to their nominated care coordinator to receive recommendations for diet and exercise and insulin titration. The aim of the study was to assess the usability, acceptability, and fidelity of the Diamond diabetes monitoring device for patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Specifically assessed were (1) patient compliance, (2) patient satisfaction, (3) level of glycemic control achieved, and (4) health professional satisfaction. Using a design science research perspective, the Diamond diabetes monitoring device solution was adapted to the Australian health care environment. Once the solution was deemed fit for purpose by the director of the OB/GYN clinical institute and on securing all relevant ethics approvals, a 2-period 2-arm nonblinded crossover clinical trial was conducted for 8 weeks total time with crossover at 4 weeks to establish proof of concept, usability, and fidelity. The patient perspective was assessed by using structured questionnaires at 4 specific stages of the project, while the clinician perspective was captured via semistructured interviews and unstructured questionnaires. The 10 patients studied reported preferring standard care with the technology solution to standard care alone. Further, all clinicians involved concurred that the technology solution greatly assisted their ability to provide higher value patient-centered care. They also noted that it was extremely helpful for assisting in systematically monitoring glucose levels and any/all changes and trends. Based on these initial findings, we offer a holistic pervasive approach to enable the achievement of value-based, patient-centered care in chronic disease management. Key lessons include the importance when designing such solutions to focus on the two primary user groups (patients and clinicians).