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Background/Objectives: Sarcopenia is associated with multiple negative consequences. This study aims to explore the prevalence of sarcopenia risk and its possible associated factors among older adults in Hungary.  Methods: A total of 310 older adults were included in this cross-sectional study. The study protocol was registered on clinicaltrials.gov under the identifier NCT05313360 on 28 March 2022. The participants filled a questionnaire that included demographics, medical history, nutritional status, physical activity level, health-related quality of life, and general health status. SARC-F questionnaire was used to screen for sarcopenia risk among the study participants. Results: Our results showed that the prevalence of sarcopenia risk was 26.8%. The predictors in the univariate regression model included age (p < .001), number of medications (p < .001), number of diseases (p < .001), number of outpatient physician visits(p = .001), MNA-SF score (p < .001), and GPAQ score (p < .001). After controlling for age in Block 1 (R² = .295), our multivariate linear hierarchical regression model (Block 2, R² = .483) demonstrated that the number of medications (p = .013), number of diseases (p = .007), MNA-SF score (p < .001), and total GPAQ score (p = .004) significantly were significant independent predictors of a greater sarcopenia risk. Conclusion: the number of medications, the number of diseases, MNA-SF, and total GPAQ scores significantly predicted sarcopenia risk. Further longitudinal studies are recommended to examine the development of sarcopenia over timewith. Antecedentes/Objetivos: La sarcopenia se asocia con múltiples consecuencias negativas. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar la prevalencia del riesgo de sarcopenia y sus posibles factores asociados en adultos mayores en Hungría. Métodos: Un total de 310 adultos mayores participaron en este estudio transversal. El protocolo del estudio fue registrado en clinicaltrials.gov bajo el identificador NCT05313360 el 28 de marzo de 2022. Los participantes completaron un cuestionario que incluía datos demográficos, antecedentes médicos, estado nutricional, nivel de actividad física, calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y estado general de salud. El cuestionario SARC-F se utilizó para evaluar el riesgo de sarcopenia entre los participantes. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que la prevalencia del riesgo de sarcopenia fue del 26.8%. Los predictores en el modelo de regresión univariado incluyeron la edad (p < .001), el número de medicamentos (p < .001), el número de enfermedades (p < .001), el número de visitas médicas ambulatorias (p = .001), la puntuación del MNA-SF (p < .001) y la puntuación del GPAQ (p < .001). Tras controlar la edad en el Bloque 1 (R² = .295), el modelo de regresión lineal jerárquica multivariado (Bloque 2, R² = .483) mostró que el número de medicamentos (p = .013), el número de enfermedades (p = .007), la puntuación del MNA-SF (p < .001) y la puntuación total del GPAQ (p = .004) fueron predictores independientes significativos de un mayor riesgo de sarcopenia. Conclusión: El número de medicamentos, el número de enfermedades, el MNA-SF y las puntuaciones totales del GPAQ predijeron de manera significativa el riesgo de sarcopenia. Se recomiendan estudios longitudinales adicionales para examinar el desarrollo de la sarcopenia a lo largo del tiempo. Enquadramento/Objetivos: A sarcopenia está associada a múltiplas consequências negativas. O objetivo deste estudo foi explorar a prevalência do risco de sarcopenia e os seus possíveis fatores associados em adultos mais velhos na Hungria. Métodos: Um total de 310 adultos maiores participam neste estúdio transversal. O protocolo do estudo foi registado em clinictrials.gov sob o identificador NCT05313360 a 28 de março de 2022. Os participantes preencheram um questionário que incluía dados demográficos, antecedentes médicos, estado nutricional, nível de atividade física, qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde e estado geral de saúde. O questionário SARC-F foi utilizado para avaliar o risco de sarcopenia entre os participantes. Resultados: Os resultados mostram que a prevalência do risco de sarcopenia foi de 26,8%. Os preditores no modelo de regressão univariada incluem a idade (p < 0,001), o número de medicamentos (p < 0,001), o número de consultas (p < 0,001), o número de consultas médicas de ambulatório (p = 0,001), a pontuação do MNA-SF (p < 0,001) e a pontuação do GPAQ (p < 0,001). 0,001). Tras controlando a idade no Bloco 1 (R² = 0,295), o modelo de regressão linear jerárquica multivariado (Bloque 2, R² = 0,483) mostrou que o número de medicamentos (p = 0,013), o número de doenças (p = 0,007), a pontuação do MNA-SF (p < 0,001) e la pontuação total do GPAQ (p = 0,004) foi um indicador independente significativo de um maior risco de sarcopenia. Conclusão: O número de medicamentos, o número de doenças, o MNA-SF e as pontuações totais do GPAQ predisseram de forma significativa o risco de sarcopenia. Se recomendam estudos longitudinais adicionais para examinar o desenvolvimento da sarcopenia ao longo do tempo.

The sequelae and the disability and dependence that follow an acquired brain injury (ABI) may result in a significant reduction in the quality of life (QoL) of those affected. The objective was to assess the QoL of a sample of Spanish patients with an ABI and analyze the influence of certain sociodemographic and injury-related variables on their QoL. Method: The sample comprised 421 adults (60% male; Mage = 53.12; SD = 14.87). Professionals and relatives assessed the patients’ QoL through the CAVIDACE scale, an ABI-specific tool based on the eight-domain QoL model. Results: Univariate analyses showed statistically significant differences in the QoL scores in several sociodemographic (age, civil status, education level, prior employment status, type of home, level of supports, loss of legal capacity, recognized dependence, and degree of dependence) and injury-related (time since the injury, location of the injury, and presence of post-traumatic amnesia) variables. The multiple linear regression showed that loss of legal capacity, time since the injury, prior employment status, location of the injury, and degree of dependence were significant QoL predictors. Conclusions: These findings provide knowledge for the development of programs aimed at reducing the negative impact of ABI on QoL. Las secuelas, discapacidad y dependencia que siguen al daño cerebral adquirido (DCA) pueden resultar en una reducción significativa en la calidad de vida (CV) de los afectados. El objetivo fue evaluar la CV de una muestra española con DCA y analizar la influencia de variables sociodemográficas y relacionadas con la lesión en su CV. Método: La muestra comprendió 421 adultos (60% hombre; Medad = 53,12; DT = 14,87). Profesionales y familiares evaluaron la CV de los pacientes a través de la escala CAVIDACE, una herramienta específica para DCA basada en el modelo de CV de ocho dimensiones. Resultados: Los análisis univariantes mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las puntuaciones de CV en variables sociodemográficas (edad, estado civil, nivel educativo, situación de empleo previa, tipo de hogar, nivel de apoyos, incapacidad legal, situación de dependencia reconocida y su nivel) y relacionadas con la lesión (tiempo desde la lesión, localización de la lesión y presencia de amnesia postraumática). El análisis de regresión múltiple mostró la incapacidad legal, el tiempo desde la lesión, la situación de empleo previa, la localización de la lesión y el nivel de dependencia como predictores significativos de CV. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos proporcionan conocimiento para el desarrollo de programas dirigidos a reducir el impacto negativo del DCA en la CV.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a health emergency resulting in multiple stressors that may be related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Objective: This study examined relationships between risk and protective factors, pandemic-related stressors, and PTSD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Data from the European Society of Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) ADJUST Study were used. N = 4,607 trauma-exposed participants aged 18 years and above were recruited from the general populations of eleven countries (Austria, Croatia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, and Sweden) from June to November 2020. We assessed sociodemographic (e.g. gender), pandemic-related (e.g. news consumption), and health-related (e.g. general health condition) risk and protective factors, pandemic-related stressors (e.g. fear of infection), and probable PTSD (PC-PTSD-5). The relationships between these variables were examined using logistic regression on multiple imputed data sets. Results: The prevalence of probable PTSD was 17.7%. Factors associated with an increased risk for PTSD were younger age, female gender, more than 3 h of daily pandemic-related news consumption (vs. no consumption), a satisfactory, poor, or very poor health condition (vs. a very good condition), a current or previous diagnosis of a mental disorder, and trauma exposure during the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors associated with a reduced risk for PTSD included a medium and high income (vs. very low income), face-to-face contact less than once a week or 3-7 times a week (vs. no contact), and digital social contact less than once a week or 1-7 days a week (vs. no contact). Pandemic-related stressors associated with an increased risk for PTSD included governmental crisis management and communication, restricted resources, restricted social contact, and difficult housing conditions. Conclusion: We identified risk and protective factors as well as stressors that may help identify trauma-exposed individuals at risk for PTSD, enabling more efficient and rapid access to care. N =  4,607 trauma-exposed adult participants were recruited from the general population during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The prevalence for probable posttraumatic stress disorder was 17.7%. We identified risk factors (e.g. poor health condition) and protective factors (e.g. social contact) associated with posttraumatic stress disorder.

Background: Suboptimal response and high dropout rates leave room for improvement of trauma-focused treatment (TFT) effectiveness in ameliorating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Objective: To explore the effectiveness and safety of intensive prolonged exposure (iPE) targeting chronic PTSD patients with a likely diagnosis of ICD-11 Complex PTSD following multiple interpersonal trauma and a history of multiple treatment attempts. Method: Participants (N = 73) received iPE in 12 × 90-minute sessions over four days (intensive phase) followed by four weekly 90-minute booster prolonged exposure (PE) sessions (booster phase). The primary outcomes, clinician-rated severity of PTSD symptoms, and diagnostic status (Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale; CAPS-IV) were assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and at three and six months. Treatment response trajectories were identified and predictors of these trajectories explored. Results: Mixed model repeated measures analysis of CAPS-IV scores showed a baseline-to-posttreatment decrease in PTSD symptom severity (p < .001) that persisted during the three- and six-month follow-ups with large effect sizes (Cohen's d > 1.2); 71% of the participants responded. None of the participants dropped out during the intensive phase and only 5% during the booster phase. Adverse events were extremely low and only a minority showed symptom exacerbation. Cluster analysis demonstrated four treatment response trajectories: Fast responders (13%), Slow responders (26%), Partial responders (32%), and Non-responders (29%). Living condition and between-session fear habituation were found to predict outcome. Participants living alone were more likely to belong to the Partial responders than to the Non-responders cluster, and participants showing more between-session fear habituation were more likely to belong to the Fast responders than to the Non-responders cluster. Conclusions: The results of this open study suggest that iPE can be effective in PTSD patients with multiple interpersonal trauma and after multiple previous treatment attempts. In addition, in this chronic PTSD population iPE was safe.

Introduction: Personal development goes beyond physical training and technical skills. However, the impact of life skills on athletic performance remains underexplored, indicating a need to examine how personal development contribute to athlete’s success. Objective: This study examined the relationship between personal development, specifically life skills, and performance and the key predictors of performance among varsity basketball players at Mindanao State University (MSU), Philippines. Methodology: A quantitative correlational design was employed, involving 48 varsity players. Performance data were collected through notational analysis, while personal development was assessed using a standardized life skills questionnaire covering teamwork, goal-setting, social skills, problem-solving, emotional skills, leadership, time management, and communication. Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analyses were applied. Results: The findings revealed that the players exhibited moderate personal development overall and majority have fair performance. A statistically significant positive correlation (r = 0.967, p < 0.05) was identified between personal development and performance, with teamwork, emotional skills, leadership, and time management emerging as significant predictors of performance. Discussion: This highlights the importance of integrating structured life skills training into sports programs to foster well-rounded players. Such training not only enhances performance but also equips players with transferable skills for life beyond sports. Conclusions: Current sports environments lack full optimization of life skills, physical and technical skills, thereby calls a need for intervention. Future research should explore similar relationships across diverse sports and cultural contexts to generalize and expand these findings.

Background: Stepped care cognitive behavioural therapy for children after trauma (SC-CBT-CT; aged 7-12 years) can help to increase access to evidence-based trauma treatments for children. SC-CBT-CT consists of a parent-led therapist-assisted component (Step One) with an option to step up to standard therapist-led treatment (Step Two). Studies have shown that SC-CBT-CT is effective; however, less is known about what parent variables are associated with outcome of Step One. Objective: To examine parent factors and their relationship with completion and response among children receiving Step One. Method: Children (n = 82) aged 7-12 (M = 9.91) received Step One delivered by their parents (n = 82) under the guidance of SC-CBT-CT therapists. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate whether the following factors were associated with non-completion or non-response: the parents' sociodemographic variables, anxiety and depression, stressful life experiences and post-traumatic symptoms, negative emotional reactions to their children's trauma, parenting stress, lower perceived social support, and practical barriers to treatment at baseline. Results: Lower level of educational achievement among parents was related to non-completion. Higher levels of emotional reactions to their child's trauma and greater perceived social support were related to non-response. Conclusions: The children seemed to profit from the parent-led Step One despite their parents` mental health challenges, stress, and practical barriers. The association between greater perceived social support and non-response was unexpected and warrants further investigation. To further increase treatment completion and response rates among children, parents with lower education may need more assistance on how to perform the interventions, while parents who are very upset about their child's trauma may need more emotional support and assurance from the therapist. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04073862; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04073862 . Retrospectively registered 03 June 2019 (first patient recruited May 2019). The children seemed to profit from Step One despite parents' mental health challenges and practical barriers. Response may improve if parents' emotional reactions to a child's trauma is addressed. Parents with lower education may need more assistance in performing Step One.

Distintos programas internacionales prestan atención actualmente a los riesgos psicosociales que afectan a la profesión periodística, entre los que destaca el estrés. No obstante, apenas existe evidencia empírica que permita establecer un diagnóstico de la situación. En este artículo, partiendo del modelo holístico de seguridad global planteado por Slavtcheva- Petkova et al. (2023) y mediante una encuesta representativa a periodistas españoles, se identifican las principales amenazas que se configuran como factores estresores en la profesión periodística a partir de tres niveles de análisis: micro, meso y macro. Entre los resultados obtenidos, se demuestra una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el nivel de estrés y el género, si bien el mesonivel es el que mejor predice los factores estresores en términos de rutinas y cargas profesionales. La digitalización también afecta a la prevalencia del estrés.

Background: Trauma-affected refugee patients benefit from psychological treatment to different degrees. Only a handful of studies has investigated potential predictors of treatment outcome that could throw light on the great variability in outcomes reported for this group. Such knowledge may be vital to better tailor prevention and treatment efforts to the needs of different individuals and subgroups among these patients. Objective: In a naturalistic and longitudinal study, the aim was to analyse demographics and traumatic exposure as potential predictors of the participants' long-term trajectories of mental health symptoms and quality of life. Method: A group of 54 multi-origin adult refugee patients with complex traumatic exposure, such as armed conflicts, persecution, torture, and childhood adversities, were interviewed face to face over up to 10 years; at therapy admittance, and at varying points in time during and after psychotherapy. Checklists of war-related and childhood trauma, mental health symptoms, and quality of life were included in the interviews. In linear mixed effects analyses, interaction was analysed with potential predictors included separately because of the sample size. Time was modelled as continuous from inclusion into the study. Results: Gender predicted the course of symptoms of post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and depression, and of quality of life in physical health and social relationships. Childhood family violence and experiences of torture predicted the course of depression, whereas the extent of exposure to war-related trauma events and having experienced torture predicted the course of anxiety. Conclusions: The results indicated greater chronicity in male refugees, in refugees who had experienced domestic violence during childhood, in refugees who had experienced torture, and in refugees with more numerous types of potentially traumatic war-related experiences. The findings highlight the need for gender-sensitive research, rehabilitative efforts, and treatment. HIGHLIGHTS In a 10 year longitudinal and naturalistic therapy follow-up study of traumatized refugees, female gender, childhood trauma, war trauma, and torture predicted mental health and quality of life outcomes. Male participants responded less than females to therapy.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can place an immense psychological strain on the infected patient. The psychological distress can linger after the initial recovery from the infection. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and predictors of provisional post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in patients with cured COVID-2019. Methods: The baseline survey was conducted from 10 to 25 February 2020 in patients with COVID-19 in a designated hospital. Demographic and clinical characteristics were acquired, and depression and anxiety levels were assessed, using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire and 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, respectively. A follow-up survey was conducted 1 month post-discharge. PTSD symptoms were measured by the Impact of Event Scale-6 (IES-6) and patients' perception of supportive care during hospitalization was investigated using a self-developed questionnaire. Results: In total, 114 patients completed both the baseline and follow-up surveys. Of these, 41 (36.0%) met the cut-off score for provisional PTSD diagnosis according to the IES-6. Female gender [odds ratio (OR) = 4.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.54-14.37], educational level of high school or below (OR = 15.49, 95% CI 1.13-212.71), higher anxiety levels (OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.12-1.61) and lower perceptions of emotional support during hospitalization (OR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.17-0.96) predicted a higher risk for provisional PTSD. Conclusions: PTSD is commonly seen in patients with COVID-19 1 month post-discharge. Female patients, and patients with lower educational levels, higher anxiety levels and lower perceptions of emotional support during hospitalization may be more likely to develop PTSD in the near future. Enhancing emotional support during hospitalization could help to prevent PTSD in patients with COVID-19. More than one-third ofpatients met the diagnostic criteria of probable PTSD 1 month post-discharge. Providing timely emotional support during hospitaliza-tion may be one of the key measures for preventing PTSD in patients with COVID-19.