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Amid the changes brought about by the 4th Industrial Revolution, numerous studies have been undertaken to develop smart factories, with a strong emphasis on knowledge-based manufacturing through smart factory construction. Advances in manufacturing data collection, fusion, and mining technologies have significantly bolstered the utilization of knowledge-based manufacturing. Data mining technology is widely employed for facility maintenance and failure prediction. Smart factory operations are pursuing automation and autonomization. Automation of production planning is also essential to achieve automation and autonomy in factory operations, from planning to execution. With the advancement of data mining technology, it is possible to automate production planning for the production planning and prediction of future production through information based on current conditions based on the past. The baseline information generated based on the current situation is suitable for automating short-term operational planning. If we generate time series reference information based on data from the past to the present, we can also automate long-term operation planning. By measuring the results of productivity improvements in mass-produced products from the past to the present and extrapolating them to future products, time series baseline information on production time is generated. If the baseline information is used for long-term planning, it can be used to predict future production capacity and facility shortages. This study presents a methodology and utilization method for calculating the rate of change in production time, which can be applied to production plan prediction and equipment investment capacity forecasting in future factory operations, using historical time series production time data.

This study was conducted at the Animal |Production Sciences, College of Agricultural Engineering Science, University of Duhok to estimate the effect of different levels of oleobiotec on the production performance, egg quality of Japanese quail. A total of 105 Japanese quail 17 weeks of age obtained from a local farm and distributed into five treatments with three replicate for each one had (7 quail). Different doses of oleobiotec significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved egg production, egg weight, and egg mass, fed conversion ratio and egg weight uniformity percentage. Concerning egg haugh unit significantly improved (P<0.05) by using oleobiotec while, other egg quality did not influenced with different level of oleobiotec.

Plastic pollution is a severe threat to our environment which necessitates implementation of bioplastics to realize sustainable development for a green world. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) represent one of the potential candidates for these bioplastics. However, a major challenge faced by PHA is the high production cost which limits its commercial application. Halophiles are considered to be a promising cell factory for PHA synthesis due to its several unique characteristics including high salinity requirement preventing microbial contamination, high intracellular osmotic pressure allowing easy cell lysis for PHA recovery, and capability to utilize wide spectrum of low-cost substrates. Optimization of fermentation parameters has made it plausible to achieve large-scale production at low cost by using halophiles. Further deeper insights into halophiles have revealed the existence of diversified and even novel PHA synthetic pathways within different halophilic species that greatly affects PHA type. Thus, precise metabolic engineering of halophiles with the help of advanced tools and strategies have led to more efficient microbial cell factory for PHA production. This review is an endeavour to summarize the various research achievements in these areas which will help the readers to understand the current developments as well as the future efforts in PHA research.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the comprehensive literature review on 5S and suggest possible gaps from the point of view of researchers and practitioners. The manuscript presents the overview of 5S implementation and highlights the achievements realized from deployment of 5S initiatives for sustainable performance of organizations. Design/methodology/approach The paper critically examines the literature on 5S, analyzes and reviews it systematically. The study highlights the critical barriers and success factors for sustainable 5S implementation in the organizations in the competitive world. Findings 5S is an outstanding Japanese philosophy for the development of any type organization all over the world. This study bring out the concept of 5S, requirements for its holistic implementation, relationship with other lean tools, benefits, success factors and obstacles in 5S implementation. The significant contributions through 5S initiatives in the organization like production, quality, safety and effective utilization of workspace for the sustained organizational improvement have also been highlighted in the study. Practical implications The literature on assortment of 5S technique has been so far very limited. The present paper reviews large number of research publications related to 5S to highlight the significance of 5S philosophy in the sustainable organizational improvement across the world. It foregrounds the approach advised by the various researchers, practitioners and appraises censoriously the reason behind the demand of 5S program in the organization. The needful steps and obstacles are also foreground for the effective implementation of 5S in the organization. Originality/value The paper presents a comprehensive review of literature publications in the area of 5S and their assortment to develop an understanding of the significance and implementation of 5S in the organizations. The paper will be helpful or useful to researchers, safety executives, development professionals and managers in the organizations.

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly used in corporate security measures to predict the status of assets and suggest appropriate procedures. These programs are also designed to reduce repair time. One way to create an efficient system is to integrate physical repair agents with a computerized management system to develop an intelligent system. To address this, there is a need for a new technique to assist operators in interacting with a predictive system using natural language. The system also uses double neural network convolutional models to analyze device data. For fault prioritization, a technique utilizing fuzzy logic is presented. This strategy ranks the flaws based on the harm or expense they produce. However, the method’s success relies on ongoing improvement in spoken language comprehension through language modification and query processing. To carry out this technique, a conversation-driven design is necessary. This type of learning relies on actual experiences with the assistants to provide efficient learning data for language and interaction models. These models can be trained to have more natural conversations. To improve accuracy, academics should construct and maintain publicly usable training sets to update word vectors. We proposed the model dataset (DS) with the Adam (AD) optimizer, Ridge Regression (RR) and Feature Mapping (FP). Our proposed algorithm has been coined with an appropriate acronym DSADRRFP. The same proposed approach aims to leverage each component’s benefits to enhance the predictive model’s overall performance and precision. This ensures the model is up-to-date and accurate. In conclusion, an AI system integrated with physical repair agents is a useful tool in corporate security measures. However, it needs to be refined to extract data from the operating system and to interact with users in a natural language. The system also needs to be constantly updated to improve accuracy.

PurposeExoskeletons are mechanical structures that humans can wear to increase their strength and endurance. The purpose of this paper is to explain how exoskeletons can be used to improve performance across five phases of manufacturing.Design/methodology/approachMultivocal literature review, encompassing scientific literature and the grey literature of online reports, etc., to inform comprehensive, comparative and critical analyses of the potential of exoskeletons to improve manufacturing performance.FindingsThere are at least eight different types of exoskeletons that can be used to improve human strength and endurance in manual work during different phases of production. However, exoskeletons can have the unintended negative consequence of reducing human flexibility leading to new sources of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) and accidents.Research limitations/implicationsFindings are relevant to function allocation research concerned with manual production work. In particular, exoskeletons could exacerbate the traditional trade-off between human flexibility and robot consistency by making human workers less flexible.Practical implicationsThe introduction of exoskeletons requires careful health and safety planning if exoskeletons are to improve human strength and endurance without introducing new sources of MSD and accidents.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper is that it provides detailed information about a new manufacturing technology: exoskeletons. The value of this paper is that it provides information that is comprehensive, comparative and critical about exoskeletons as a potential alternative to robotics across five phases of manufacturing.

Purpose - This research paper aims to: explore areas of weakness in six sigma implementations that may require enhancements in the methodology; to investigate implementation differences between manufacturing and services; and to investigate critical success factors.Design methodology approach - Exploratory empirical evidence is presented from nine case study companies in Thailand, including manufacturers, sales and service companies and a national airline.Findings - Key findings include: six sigma is more appropriate for high risk, complicated, large-scale and cross functional projects; the six sigma methodology could be enhanced to ensure that projects are aligned to company goals; the evidence questions standard text book advice that a \"Black Belt\" (BB) should have a full time role, as a part-time BB role can be more realistic particularly in a small company and the training materials available need to be improved to be more appropriate for service operations.Research limitations implications - The main research limitation is in the number of companies studied and the restriction to companies located in Thailand. In addition, the research is exploratory and future research is needed to look at the issues raised in depth.Practical implications - All of the findings have practical implications. For example, the conclusion on the nature of the BB role is seen as a key issue for successful use of six sigma in small businesses.Originality value - Six sigma has been widely used in industry, but there has been limited rigorous academic research. This paper seeks to identify a series of issues worthy of further attention from the academic community using a rigorous research approach.

Although Thailand is one of the world’s leading exporters of frozen shrimp, the production process and management of the production line remain problematic, due to high operation costs, which may make it difficult for Thailand to compete with other export countries. The aim of this research was therefore to improve the production process for frozen shrimp. Value stream mapping (VSM) was utilized to identify the activity processes, from raw material to the customer, and line balancing (LB) was employed to arrange the production line to achieve process improvements. The ECRS (Eliminate, Combine, Rearrange, Simplify) technique was applied to manage and ameliorate the production process. The result was a suitable production process for frozen shrimp in which the profitability to entrepreneurs can be increased through lean improvement techniques. VSM revealed that the efficiency of the total cycle time could be decreased by approximately 61.72%, and that the lead time could be reduced by about 48.8%. Improvements to the frozen shrimp process through LB could yield an accuracy of up to 90.50%. The ECRS technique helped in arranging new processing to achieve improvements; value-added (VA), non-value-added (NVA), and necessary non-value-added (NNVA) tasks showed that the efficiency of the production process could rise to 46.37%, 25%, and 92.85%, respectively. Entrepreneurs will be able to run their manufacturing processes and achieve high production efficiency in the future using the methodologies and management practices described here.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to compare the well-known value stream mapping (VSM) with a recent tool named waste identification diagram (WID), regarding the capacity of information representation and easiness of interpretation.Design/methodology/approachThe work begins with a brief literature review comparing the main tools for representation of production units, with special emphasis on VSM and WID, in terms of ability to identify several types of waste. Then, the authors developed the VSM and the WID of a specific production unit and after that several groups composed by students of Industrial Engineering (IE) and/or professionals from industry were asked to analyse/interpret only one of these diagrams. Finally, a questionnaire with closed and open questions was applied to the groups to evaluate the analysed tool.FindingsIn general, the results revealed that WID is more effective than VSM and participants recognized that most of the WID elements are relevant. Specifically, a measure coined overall effectiveness was applied (based on the response time and percentage of correct interpretations), indicating a clear advantage of WID (22 per cent of correct interpretations per minute) compared to VSM (9 per cent of correct interpretations per minute). The main drawback pointed to the WID is the lack of representation of the information flow.Originality/valueThis work contributes to the IE field by revealing WID as a new promising graphical tool for representation of production units, especially in terms of identification/quantification of wastes. The tool was quantitative and qualitatively evaluated by persons both from academia and industry.