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This study was conducted at the poultry Farm / Animal production department, Collage of Agricultural Engineering Science / University of Baghdad, during the period form 8-3-2014 to 19-4-2014 to evaluation of supplementing different levels of turmeric (curcuma Longa) Powders to Broiler diets on economic indicator and histological measurement of intestine. One hundred and twelve unsexed broiler chicks (Ross 308), one day, 41g its initial body weight. The birds were randomly distributed among Four treatments, each treatment contained 28 birds, with two replicates and each replicate contained 14 birds. The chicks of first treatment (T1) control without supplement, while T2, T3 and T4 treatment were fed a standard diet for broilers in addition to the turmeric powder at levels 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6% 100 kg diet respectively. The results obtained indicated that adding turmeric powder at three different levels in Feed conversion ratio were increase significant (p<0.05) in T3 and T4 compared with T1 while T2 similar with T1 there ware increase significant (p<0.05) in T3, T2 and T4 compared with T1 in Production Index and economic indicator in 42 days. There was increase significant (p<0.05) in the total intestinal wall thickness (duodenum, Jejunum. and ileum) in adding turmeric powder in treatments compared with control group, Villi length and crypts of Lieberkahan depth were higher value for supplemented groups as compared with control it could be concluded from this study that turmeric powder have beneficial effect on production index of broiler.

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de tarımsal göstergeler üzerinden Yük Kapasitesi Eğrisi (LCC) hipotezinin geçerli olup-olmadığını tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Tarımsal göstergeler odağında çevresel dengenin hem arz hem de talep tarafını dikkate alarak LCC hipotezinin geçerliliğini araştıran ilk çalışma olması çalışmanın özgün değerini oluşturmaktadır. 1974-2022 dönemine ilişkin yıllık verilerin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada değişkenlerin farklı seviyelerde durağan olmaları sebebiyle ARDL prosedürü ve Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik testi uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca LCC hipotezinin geçerliliğinin tespitinde, çoklu doğrusal bağlantı sorunundan kaçınmak için Narayan ve Narayan (2010) yaklaşımı benimsenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında oluşturulan model eşbütünleşik olup yük kapasitesi faktörü ile kişi başına gelir, fosil yakıt tüketimi, bitkisel ve hayvansal üretim endeksi değişkenleri arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişki olduğu doğrusal birleşimlerinin denge noktasına yakınsadığı tespit edilmiştir. Kişi başına düşen Gayrisâfi Yurtiçi Hâsıla (GSYH) değişkeninin uzun dönem katsayısı kısa dönemki değerinden daha yüksektir. Bu bulgu kişi başına düşen gelirin çevresel kaliteyi iyileştirici etkisinin uzun vadede daha güçlü ve belirgin olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu sonuç, U şeklinde olan LCC hipotezinin Türkiye için geçerli olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca uzun dönemde, hayvansal üretim endeksinin çevresel kalite üzerindeki etkisi pozitifken fosil yakıt tüketiminin çevresel kalite üzerindeki etkisi ise negatiftir. Nedensellik testi sonuçlarına göre bitkisel üretim endeksinden yük kapasitesi faktörüne, yük kapasitesi faktöründen hayvansal üretim endeksine, hayvansal üretim endeksinden kişi başına düşen gelir ve bitkisel üretim endeksine, fosil yakıt tüketiminden hayvansal üretim endeksine doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi varken kişi başına düşen gelir ile bitkisel üretim endeksi arasında ve fosil yakıt tüketimi ile bitkisel üretim endeksi arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi vardır. Bu bulgular ekonomik büyümeyi teşvik eden ve ekolojik sürdürülebilirliği sağlayan politikaların oluşturulmasını, tarım ve çevre politikalarının bütüncül bir yaklaşımla ele alınmasını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda politika yapıcılara çevre dostu, yenilikçi ve sürdürülebilir tarım ve hayvancılık uygulamalarının teşvik edilmesi önerilebilir.

CO2 emission is an important parameter that indicates a country's development level and respect for nature. It's a well-known fact that a country's industrialization level and economic growth have a direct impact on CO2 emissions. We must prioritize the use of energy obtained from renewable sources and be mindful of our impact on the environment. This study analyses the industrial production index, economic growth, and the percentage of energy produced from renewable energy sources in energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Kazakhstan. The data are collected from the National Statistical Bureau of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Our World in Data, and the World Bank web pages. Research data were analyzed using the Johansen cointegration test, Vector Autoregressive (VAR) analysis, Granger causality analysis, and VECM model. In the study, we analyzed three key factors that impact CO2 emissions in Kazakhstan. Our findings revealed that these factors account for 16.1% of the variability in CO2 emissions, indicating the statistical accuracy of these variables. When deciding on renewable energy investments, it is very important to determine the causal relationship between renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions. It seems that industrial development and economic growth can occur without any major concerns about CO2 emissions. This is based on the lack of statistical significance in the relationship between CO2 emissions and both the industrial production index and economic growth.

In India, the per capita availability of water is projected to be 1465 m3 and 1235 m3 by the years 2025 and 2050, respectively, and hence, India would be a water-stressed country as per the United Nations’ standard of less than 1700 m3 per capita water availability. India is predominantly an agricultural-dominant country. Rainfed agriculture in the country contributes 40% of food grain production and supports half of the human population and two-thirds of the livestock population. The country has 15 different agro-climatic zones, and each agro-climatic region has its own constraints of water availability and management along with the potential for their optimum utilization. Such situations warrant the formulation of regional-level strategies. Efforts were made to integrate and evaluate the feasibility of water harvesting and its utilization at twelve different sites representing six different agro-climatic conditions spanning pan India. It was found that water harvesting through tanks/ponds is a feasible approach and can increase the crop production as well as diversification. The results reveal that the range of crop diversification index increased from 0.49–0.85 to 0.65–0.98; the crop productivity index increased from 0.28–0.66 to 0.66–0.90; the cultivated land utilization index increased from 0.05–0.69 to 0.34–0.84; and the crop water productivity index increased from 0.20–0.51 to 0.56–0.96, among other production and diversification indices, due to additional water availability through rainwater harvesting intervention. Moreover, the gross return increased from INR 43,768–704,356 to INR 220,840–1,469,108 ha−1, representing a 108 to 400% increase in the returns due to the availability of water. The findings of this study suggest that the water harvesting in small ponds/tanks is economical and feasible, requires less technological intervention, and increases crop diversification in all the studied agro-climatic conditions, and hence, the same needs to be encouraged in the rainfed areas of the country.

The aim of this study is analyzed nexus between energy intensity, CO2 emissions with food security in Kazakhstan. As dependent Food security indicator food production index and for energy intensity indicator Energy intensity level of primary energy were taken. As socio-economic indicators GDP per capita and population growth are taken. Data cover 2000-2021 years and extracted from World Bank Data and Worldometers. As research methods Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) Analysis and Linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) were applied. According to NARDL method, Fossil CO2 emissions and GDP per capita found to be main factors from selected ones to affect food production index positively. CO2 emissions (total) have positive effect on Food production index too. According to ARDL method, change in population correlated positively with Food Production index in long term. Energy intensity impacts negatively in short term and positively in long term on Food Production Index. Results imply that in Food production ecofriendly methods and new technology should be prioritized.

Abstract Objectives Since hematologic values vary with age in children, we evaluated the agreement between the “traditional” reticulocyte production index (RPI) and an RPI by age (RPI/A)–adjusted normal values. Methods A retrospective, observational, and analytical study was performed on CBCs of children with anemia younger than 18 years. The agreement and clinical repercussions of the RPI values were analyzed with an RPI/A developed with theoretical values for different ages. Results A total of 5,503 tests were analyzed and no systematic error between the two indices was found; however, there were significant proportional differences at higher values that resulted in lower RPI/A in children younger than 15 days and higher RPI/A in children aged 15 days and older. No agreement was observed at any age. The proportion of arregenerative anemia diagnosed using RPI/A was higher in children younger than 15 days and lower in those 15 days and older. Conclusions RPI is not an adequate tool for evaluating the erythropoietic capacity of bone marrow in the pediatric population. The disagreement between the results can be explained by the difference in normal hematologic values between children and adults.

Purpose The purpose of this study is designed to achieve the learning process in producing studies involving economic issues and scenarios in business management in Malaysia. In addition, this study will provide exposure to the integration of managerial skills by using both microeconomics and macroeconomics concepts and theories to aid decision-making in a business environment. Design/methodology/approach The research method comprised qualitative methodology of literature review, case study and quantitative methodology of multiple linear regression (MLR). In this case, seven microeconomics and macroeconomics factors which are believed to significantly affect house price index (HPI) are taken into consideration which includes gross domestic product, consumer price index (CPI), government tax and subsidy on housing, overnight policy rate, unemployment rate (UNEMP), the median income (INC) and cost of production index. Findings This research has resulted in three significant factors affecting HPI from MLR, which include CPI, UNEMP and INC where the increase of these factors will cause a high increment of HPI. The other four factors are not significant. Originality/value Malaysia has been facing the stagnancy in house market these recent years due to issues such as massive oversupply, impacting Malaysia’s economy specifically focusing on domestic direct investment. To avoid oversupply issues, the vitality of future house demand and pricing forecast should be comprehended by involved bodies for more effective planning for the house development industry. To make a better and bigger impact, this research is intended to analyse the microeconomic and macroeconomic factors affecting the HPI to better understand the significance of each of these factors to the changes of HPI to resolve these economic issues.

Adequate access to nutritious food is essential for human health and well-being. However, attaining food security has become a grave concern due to increasing population and climate change vulnerabilities. Recently, several studies around the globe have indicated that climate change is likely to impact food security. Studies also show that some non-climatic factors are crucial in determining food security. The present study, therefore, investigates the nexus between food security and non-climatic and climatic factors in the context of India. This paper has considered both climatic factors (temperature, precipitation, and carbon emissions) and non-climatic factors (land and electricity used in the agriculture sector) as explanatory variables, whereas the crop production index is considered a proxy for food security. The “autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL)” model has been used to assess the variables' short- and long-run association by considering the time range from 1990 to 2020. The outcome of the estimation indicates that precipitation, carbon emissions, land, and electricity significantly impact food security in both the short and long run. However, the impact of temperature on food security is insignificantly negative in the short run and positive in the long run. This study thus suggests that the government should develop and implement comprehensive policies to promote sustainable agriculture practices to improve the country's food security level.

This paper shows that vector auto regression (VAR) with Bayesian shrinkage is an appropriate tool for large dynamic models. We build on the results of De Mol and co-workers (2008) and show that, when the degree of shrinkage is set in relation to the cross-sectional dimension, the forecasting performance of small monetary VARs can be improved by adding additional macroeconomic variables and sectoral information. In addition, we show that large VARs with shrinkage produce credible impulse responses and are suitable for structural analysis.

Enzymes from haloalkaliphilic microorganisms have recently focused attention on their potential and suitability in various applications. In this study, the growth and production of extracellular amylases in the marine actinomycetes, using kitchen waste as the raw starch source, have been investigated. Actinobacteria were isolated from the seawater of the Kachhighadi Coast near Dwarika, Gujarat. Seven Actinobacterial isolates of pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons belonging to different strains of Nocardiopsis genera were screened and selected for amylase production. The amylase production was initially assessed on the solid media supplemented with the extracts of different fruits and vegetable peels as a substrate by agar plate assay. The strains Kh-2(13), Kh-2(1), and Kh-3(12) produced maximum amylase with potato peel as a substrate, while no significant differences were found with the media containing other peels. Nevertheless, all strains produced amylases at a significant level with other raw substrates as well. For the optimization of the growth and enzyme production, the selected two isolates Kh-2(13) and Kh-3(12) of the monsoon and winter seasons were cultivated in a liquid medium under the submerged fermentation conditions, with potato peel as a substrate. In both organisms, the optimum amylase production was observed in the stationary phase of growth. For amylase production, the effect of different physical and chemical parameters was evaluated. The optimum growth and amylase production was achieved in 2% inoculum size, at pH 8.0, 28℃, and 5% salt concentration. On the basis of the amylase production index (API) (a ratio of the amylase units and cell growth), both isolates produced significant amylase with the only extract of potato peels, without any other supplements. The trends further indicated that while additional complex sources, such as yeast extract and peptone can enhance the cell growth of the actinobacteria, the amylase production remained unaltered. The study projects the significance of waste raw materials for the production of enzymes in extremophilic microorganisms.