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En este artículo se muestra el desarrollo de un modelo conceptual del tipo new economics geography de dos ciudades; este modelo ayuda a analizar cómo la importancia relativa (peso) que los individuos asignan a las economías y las deseconomías de aglomeración afectan los lugares en los que se celebran actividades económicas. Se muestra que el peso asignado a las externalidades puede cambiar drásticamente la localización poblacional. Se ilustra la importancia de cuantificar la magnitud de estas externalidades, y cómo su incorporación simultánea en los análisis de sistemas urbanos puede evitar conclusiones engañosas. I develop a New Economics Geography model of two-cities, to analyse how the relative importance (weight) that individuals assign to agglomeration economies and diseconomies affects the places where economic activities take place. It is shown that the weight assigned to externalities can drastically change the population location. We illustrate the importance of quantifying the magnitude of these externalities, and how urban systems analysis that simultaneously incorporates agglomeration effects can avoid misleading conclusions.

The EU-DEMO must demonstrate the possibility of generating electricity through nuclear fusion reactions. Moreover, it must denote the necessary technologies to control a powerful plasma with adequate availability and to meet the safety requirements for plant licensing. However, the extensive radioactive materials inventory, the complexity of the plant, and the presence of massive energy sources require a rigorous safety approach to fully realize fusion power’s environmental advantages. The Tokamak building barrier design must address two main issues: radioactive mass transport hazards and energy-related or pressure/vacuum hazards. Safety studies are performed in the frame of the EUROfusion Safety And Environment (SAE) work package to support design improvement and evaluate the thermal-hydraulic behavior of confinement building environments during accident conditions in addition to source term mobilization. This paper focuses on developing a thermal-hydraulic model of the EU-DEMO Tokamak building. A preliminary model of the heat ventilation and air conditioning system and vent detritiation system is developed. A loss-of-coolant accident is studied by investigating the Tokamak building pressurization, source term mobilization, and release. Different nodalizations were compared, highlighting their effects on source term estimation. Results suggest that the building design should be improved to maintain the pressure below safety limits; some mitigative systems are preliminarily investigated for this purpose.