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Moral Encroachment
Abstract
This paper develops a precise understanding of the thesis of moral encroachment, which states that the epistemic status of an opinion can depend on its moral features. In addition, I raise objections to existing accounts of moral encroachment. For instance, many accounts fail to give sufficient attention to moral encroachment on credences. Also, many accounts focus on moral features that fail to support standard analogies between pragmatic and moral encroachment. Throughout the paper, I discuss racial profiling as a case study, arguing that moral encroachment can help us identify one respect in which racial profiling is epistemically problematic.
Journal Article
Multi-Omics of Single Cells: Strategies and Applications
Most genome-wide assays provide averages across large numbers of cells, but recent technological advances promise to overcome this limitation. Pioneering single-cell assays are now available for genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome profiling. Here, we describe how these different dimensions can be combined into multi-omics assays that provide comprehensive profiles of the same cell.
Journal Article
Single-cell meta-analysis of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes across tissues and demographics
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and accessory proteases (TMPRSS2 and CTSL) are needed for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cellular entry, and their expression may shed light on viral tropism and impact across the body. We assessed the cell-type-specific expression of
ACE2
,
TMPRSS2
and
CTSL
across 107 single-cell RNA-sequencing studies from different tissues.
ACE2
,
TMPRSS2
and
CTSL
are coexpressed in specific subsets of respiratory epithelial cells in the nasal passages, airways and alveoli, and in cells from other organs associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission or pathology. We performed a meta-analysis of 31 lung single-cell RNA-sequencing studies with 1,320,896 cells from 377 nasal, airway and lung parenchyma samples from 228 individuals. This revealed cell-type-specific associations of age, sex and smoking with expression levels of
ACE2
,
TMPRSS2
and
CTSL
. Expression of entry factors increased with age and in males, including in airway secretory cells and alveolar type 2 cells. Expression programs shared by
ACE2
+
TMPRSS2
+
cells in nasal, lung and gut tissues included genes that may mediate viral entry, key immune functions and epithelial–macrophage cross-talk, such as genes involved in the interleukin-6, interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor and complement pathways. Cell-type-specific expression patterns may contribute to the pathogenesis of COVID-19, and our work highlights putative molecular pathways for therapeutic intervention.
An integrated analysis of over 100 single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomics studies illustrates severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral entry gene coexpression patterns across different human tissues, and shows association of age, smoking status and sex with viral entry gene expression in respiratory cell populations.
Journal Article
Development and applications of single-cell transcriptome analysis
Dissecting the relationship between genotype and phenotype is one of the central goals in developmental biology and medicine. Transcriptome analysis is a powerful strategy to connect genotype to phenotype of a cell. Here we review the history, progress, potential applications and future developments of single-cell transcriptome analysis. In combination with live cell imaging and lineage tracing, it will be possible to decipher the full gene expression network underlying physiological functions of individual cells in embryos and adults, and to study diseases.
Journal Article
The age of surveillance capitalism : the fight for a human future at the new frontier of power
\"Shoshana Zuboff, named \"the true prophet of the information age\" by the Financial Times, has always been ahead of her time. Her seminal book In the Age of the Smart Machine foresaw the consequences of a then-unfolding era of computer technology. Now, three decades later she asks why the once-celebrated miracle of digital is turning into a nightmare. Zuboff tackles the social, political, business, personal, and technological meaning of \"surveillance capitalism\" as an unprecedented new market form. It is not simply about tracking us and selling ads, it is the business model for an ominous new marketplace that aims at nothing less than predicting and modifying our everyday behavior--where we go, what we do, what we say, how we feel, who we're with. The consequences of surveillance capitalism for us as individuals and as a society vividly come to life in The Age of Surveillance Capitalism's pathbreaking analysis of power. The threat has shifted from a totalitarian \"big brother\" state to a universal global architecture of automatic sensors and smart capabilities: A \"big other\" that imposes a fundamentally new form of power and unprecedented concentrations of knowledge in private companies--free from democratic oversight and control\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Mechanistic basis of neonatal heart regeneration revealed by transcriptome and histone modification profiling
The adult mammalian heart has limited capacity for regeneration following injury, whereas the neonatal heart can readily regenerate within a short period after birth. To uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying neonatal heart regeneration, we compared the transcriptomes and epigenomes of regenerative and nonregenerative mouse hearts over a 7-d time period following myocardial infarction injury. By integrating gene expression profiles with histone marks associated with active or repressed chromatin, we identified transcriptional programs underlying neonatal heart regeneration, and the blockade to regeneration in later life. Our results reveal a unique immune response in regenerative hearts and a retained embryonic cardiogenic gene program that is active during neonatal heart regeneration. Among the unique immune factors and embryonic genes associated with cardiac regeneration, we identified Ccl24, which encodes a cytokine, and Igf2bp3, which encodes an RNA-binding protein, as previously unrecognized regulators of cardiomyocyte proliferation. Our data provide insights into the molecular basis of neonatal heart regeneration and identify genes that can be modulated to promote heart regeneration.
Journal Article