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Objective Given the effectiveness of both in‐person and digital diabetes prevention programs (DPPs), participants have an opportunity to select a delivery mode based on their needs and preferences. The objective of this study was to understand and compare participants’ experiences with digital and in‐person DPPs to identify factors that affected how useful participants perceived these two program delivery modes. Methods Semi‐structured interviews with participants who were enrolled in DPPs as either a digital (n = 23) or in‐person (n = 20) program within one health care system were conducted. Data were analyzed following the template method using the qualitative software NVivo 12. Results Findings from the interviews indicated that creating accountability for weight loss was crucial for all program participants. In the digital program, weight and food tracking played a central role in creating accountability, while in the in‐person program, group interactions fostered accountability. The digital program was perceived to encourage self‐monitoring, oftentimes resulting in participants’ reflection on their habits. The in‐person program provided a platform for group support and mutual encouragement. Conclusions Participants perceived both programs as similarly useful. Yet program characteristics such as the ability to engage with other participants in‐person or to seamlessly track weight on a daily basis appealed to different participants. It may be beneficial to align participants’ preferences with programs’ characteristics and strengths.

This chapter contains sections titled: Verifying Closed Specifications Verifying Open Specifications Verifying Pattern Implementations Tool Support for Automated Verification

Context: Understanding how and why programs work—not simply whether they work—is crucial. Good theory is indispensable to advancing the science of improvement. We argue for the usefulness of ex post theorization of programs. Methods: We propose an approach, located within the broad family of theory-oriented methods, for developing ex post theories of interventional programs. We use this approach to develop an ex post theory of the Michigan Intensive Care Unit (ICU) project, which attracted international attention by successfully reducing rates of central venous catheter bloodstream infections (CVC-BSIs). The procedure used to develop the ex post theory was (1) identify program leaders' initial theory of change and learning from running the program; (2) enhance this with new information in the form of theoretical contributions from social scientists; (3) synthesize prior and new information to produce an updated theory. Findings: The Michigan project achieved its effects by (1) generating isomorphic pressures for ICUs to join the program and conform to its requirements; (2) creating a densely networked community with strong horizontal links that exerted normative pressures on members; (3) reframing CVC-BSIs as a social problem and addressing it through a professional movement combining \"grassroots\" features with a vertically integrating program structure; (4) using several interventions that functioned in different ways to shape a culture of commitment to doing better in practice; (5) harnessing data on infection rates as a disciplinary force; and (6) using \"hard edges.\" Conclusions: Updating program theory in the light of experience from program implementation is essential to improving programs' generalizability and transferability, although it is not a substitute for concurrent evaluative fieldwork. Future iterations of programs based on the Michigan project, and improvement science more generally, may benefit from the updated theory present here.

A critical component of disaster preparedness in hospitals is experiential education and training of health care professionals. A live drill is a well-established, effective training approach, but cost restraints and logistic constraints make clinical implementation challenging, and training opportunities with live drills may be severely limited. Virtual reality simulation (VRS) technology may offer a viable training alternative with its inherent features of reproducibility, just-in-time training, and repeatability. This integrated review examines the scientific evidence pertaining to the effectiveness of VRS and its practical usefulness in training health care professionals for in-hospital disaster preparedness. A well-known 4-stage methodology was used for the integrated review process. It consisted of problem identification, a literature search and inclusion criteria determination, 2-stage validation and analysis of searched studies, and presentation of findings. A search of diverse publication repositories was performed. They included Web of Science (WOS), PubMed (PMD), and Embase (EMB). The integrated review process resulted in 12 studies being included. Principle findings identified 3 major capabilities of VRS: (1) to realistically simulate the clinical environment and medical practices related to different disaster scenarios, (2) to develop learning effects on increased confidence and enhanced knowledge acquisition, and (3) to enable cost-effective implementation of training programs. The findings from the integrated review suggested that VRS could be a competitive, cost-effective adjunct to existing training approaches. Although the findings demonstrated the applicability of VRS to different training scenarios, these do not entirely cover all disaster scenarios that could happen in hospitals. This integrated review expects that the recent advances of VR technologies can be 1 of the catalysts to enable the wider adoption of VRS training on challenging clinical scenarios that require sophisticated modeling and environment depiction.

ChatGPT, an AI-based chatbot with automatic code generation abilities, has shown its promise in improving the quality of programming education by providing learners with opportunities to better understand the principles of programming. However, limited empirical studies have explored the impact of ChatGPT on learners’ programming processes. This study employed a quasi-experimental design to explore the possible impact of ChatGPT-facilitated programming mode on college students’ programming behaviors, performances, and perceptions. 82 college students were randomly divided into two classes. One class employed ChatGPT-facilitated programming (CFP) practice and the other class utilized self-directed programming (SDP) mode. Mixed methods were utilized to collect multidimensional data. Data analysis uncovered some intriguing results. Firstly, students in the CFP mode had more frequent behaviors of debugging and receiving error messages, as well as pasting console messages on the website and reading feedback. At the same time, students in the CFP mode had more frequent behaviors of copying and pasting codes from ChatGPT and debugging, as well as pasting codes to ChatGPT and reading feedback from ChatGPT. Secondly, CFP practice would improve college students’ programming performance, while the results indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between the students in CFP mode and the SDP mode. Thirdly, student interviews revealed three highly concerned themes from students' user experience about ChatGPT: the services offered by ChatGPT, the stages of ChatGPT usage, and experience with ChatGPT. Finally, college students’ perceptions toward ChatGPT significantly changed after CFP practice, including its perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and intention to use. Based on these findings, the study proposes implications for future instructional design and the development of AI-powered tools like ChatGPT.

Healthy People 2030 marks the fifth iteration of national objectives aimed at encouraging collaborative efforts by individuals, institutions, and organizations to raise the bar for health of all Americans and sustain them. There have been several noteworthy improvements that will undoubtedly boost its usefulness and impact. We will herein highlight some of these improvements.

This study sought to determine whether the technology acceptance model (TAM) could adequately explain the adoption and use of biological inputs (BI). A sample of 150 cereal farmers from Bilehsavar County of Ardabil Province, Iran, participated in this study for data collection. Two key components of TAM, i.e., perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU), along with attitudes, intentions and usage behavior, were measured using five-point Likert-type scales and modeled using structural equation modeling (SEM). Generally, scores on all scales indicated that behavioral intention was not well known and used by farmers. Intention to use and usage behavior indicated the lowest mean scores, implying that few farmers intended to use or were using BI. PEOU showed the lowest mean score suggesting respondents perceived that BI was not easy to use. Attitude and PU scores indicated that most of the respondents had fairly negative to neutral attitudes and perceptions toward the usefulness of BI. Attitudes and intentions accounted for 52% of the variance in farmers’ behavior. Attitude and PU, in turn, accounted for 56% of variability in intentions. PU and PEOU also accounted for 64% of the variability in attitudes. Based on these findings, an extension education program to facilitate the application of BI will improve PEOU and promote farmers’ PU and intentions. Visits to demonstration farms and discussion sessions are useful to improve farmers’ attitudes and thereby to promote their intention to adopt useful technologies. Removing agrochemicals’ subsidies, providing farmers with incentives for reducing agrochemicals and increasing BI use are essential to encourage farmers in the adoption and application of BI.

India is amongst the fastest growing markets for smartphones in the world which are driven by a young population. This study seeks to understand the intention to use mobile news applications by students in India. To address this broad objective, an extended technology adoption model has been proposed with the inclusion of news motivation and perceived hedonic value and tested on 384 students at a university in India. Structural equation modeling results reveal that student mobile news app adoption intention is not dependent on the perceived hedonic value; however, this relationship is mediated by attitude. News motivation predicts adoption intention, which indicates that news app adoption is largely seen as utilitarian, this is also proven by the fact that perceived usefulness significantly predicts adoption intention.

Purpose The primary aim of this study is to identify and analyze the key factors that impact the intentions of Jordanian tourists to visit and revisit destinations using the Jannah Jo app.Design/methodology/approach A self-administered questionnaires via Google Forms was employed comprising a sample of 401 Jordanian tourists who have the Jannah Jo app. Partial least squares-structural equation modeling approach was applied for hypotheses testing.Findings The present investigation has revealed that the constructs of perceived ease of use (PEU), perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived value (PV) exerted a significant and positive impact on electronic word of mouth (e-WOM). Additionally, e-WOM was observed to wield a positive and significant influence on the attitudes of consumers' decision-making, thereby ultimately affecting the intentions of Jordanian tourists with regard to their decisions to visit and revisit destinations. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that the results indicated that neither augmented reality nor content quality exhibited any statistically significant positive relationship with e-WOM.Practical implications Tourism agencies striving to encourage the adoption of smart applications must grasp the relevance of e-WOM within the contemporary digital milieu. Additionally, they should acknowledge the significance of tourists' intentions concerning both revisiting and initial visits. This research contends that such agencies ought to take into account the substantial influence exerted by PEU, PU and PV in shaping the favorable e-WOM discourse.Originality/value By integrating the technology acceptance model in conjunction with other relevant variables, this research strives to develop a comprehensive model that advances the comprehension of the intricate determinants affecting tourists' engagements with mobile applications. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that this study represents the initial investigation conducted in the Middle East, specifically in Jordan, on this subject matter.

Purpose Online shopping has continued to grow in popularity, and the advance of internet technology has enhanced customers’ experiences. One technology online retailers have been using to increase sales is virtual try-on (VTO). The purpose of this paper is to investigate how such technology affects online consumers’ purchase decision process towards purchase intention, especially from an integration of utilitarian, hedonic and risk perspectives, by using advanced partial least square (PLS) approaches. Design/methodology/approach This study applied a web-based survey approach for data collection from online apparel retailing websites. The survey instrument was developed by adapting previously validated measurement items. The valid data collected were analysed using PLS with multi-group analyses. Advanced PLS techniques such as examination of discriminant validity using heterotrait-monotrait ratio, tests of out-of-sample prediction performance, and measurement invariance of composite models were applied. Findings The results of examining the proposed model reveal that customers’ attitude towards VTO technology can affect their intention to purchase a garment online, which is affected by perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment and perceived privacy risk. Perceived ease of use is found to affect perceived usefulness and perceived helpfulness. The results also show no significant differences among age groups and genders in terms of the role of VTO technology in the full decision process towards online purchase intention. Originality/value This study enhances the understanding of the roles that VTO technology plays in consumers’ online purchase intention by providing an integrative view of its utilitarian value, hedonic value and risk. This study demonstrates the feasibility of applying advanced PLS techniques to investigate online consumer behaviour, particularly in the field of VTO application in online retailing. Implications for online retailers and designers of VTO technology are also derived from the findings.