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Aim To investigate the prevalence, severity, and clinical correlates of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) in pediatric patients with primary headache disorders. Methods In this monocentric, observational, and retrospective study, we assessed 100 children and adolescents (mean age = 12.0 years; 63% female) diagnosed with migraine, tension-type headache (TTH) or coexisting migraine and TTH at a tertiary child neuropsychiatry outpatient clinic. OCS were evaluated using the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory–Child Version (OCI-CV), with clinically significant symptoms defined as a total score ≥21. A multivariable logistic regression model examined associations with sex, age, and neurovegetative features. A post-hoc power analysis was also conducted. Results Clinically significant OCS were present in 17% of participants. Female sex (OR = 5.18, 95% CI = 1.24–36.32, p =  .046) and the presence of neurovegetative symptoms (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.11–2.08, p =  .009) were significant predictors, whereas age showed no significant effect. The most elevated OCI-CV subscales were “Obsessing,” “Hoarding,” and “Ordering.” Conclusion OCS are relatively common in pediatric patients with primary headache, especially among females and those reporting autonomic symptoms. Routine psychopathological screening in this population may support early identification and targeted clinical management.

Research identifying adults’ mental health during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic relies solely on demographic predictors without examining adults’ health condition as a potential predictor. This study aims to examine individuals’ perception of health conditions and test availability as potential predictors of mental health—insomnia, anxiety, depression, and distress—during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey of 669 adults in Malaysia was conducted during 2–8 May 2020, six weeks after the Movement Control Order (MCO) was issued. We found adults’ perception of health conditions had curvilinear relationships (horizontally reversed J-shaped) with insomnia, anxiety, depression, and distress. Perceived test availability for COVID-19 also had curvilinear relationships (horizontally reversed J-shaped) with anxiety and depression. Younger adults reported worse mental health, but people from various religions and ethnic groups did not differ significantly in reported mental health. The results indicated that adults with worse health conditions had more mental health problems, and the worse degree deepened for unhealthy people. Perceived test availability negatively predicted anxiety and depression, especially for adults perceiving COVID-19 test unavailability. The significant predictions of perceived health condition and perceived COVID-19 test availability suggest a new direction for the literature to identify the psychiatric risk factors directly from health-related variables during a pandemic.

This study reports early evidence of managers' mental health and its predictors during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in May 2020. In a sample of 646 managers from 49 countries, 5.3% (32) of managers reached the cut-off levels for disorders in distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-6; K-6), 7.3% (38) experienced anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder-7; GAD-7), and 10.7% (56) had depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PHQ-9). Age, relative income, and work status each predicted at least one of the conditions. Managers' 'illegitimate tasks' caused by COVID-19 predicted all three. Particularly noteworthy is the finding that the degree of downsizing an organization experienced during COVID-19 significantly predicted distress, anxiety, and depression for managers at the highest level (board members) only. This study helps identify managers in need of healthcare services as the COVID-19 pandemic affects organizations and their managers around the world. * First study on managers' mental health during a pandemic. * Identifies several risk factors, including 'illegitimate tasks'.

Background Previous studies have reported a wide range of prevalence of post-donation anxiety, depression, and regret in living kidney donors (LKDs). It is also unclear what risk factors are associated with these outcomes. Methods We screened 825 LKDs for anxiety and depression using 2-item GAD-2 and PHQ-2 scales and asked about regret. Results Overall, 5.5% screened positive for anxiety, 4.2% for depression, and 2.1% reported regretting their donation. While there was moderate correlation between positive anxiety and depression screens ( r  = 0.52), there was no correlation between regret and positive screens ( r  < 0.1 for both). A positive anxiety screen was more likely in LKDs with a positive depression screen (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 13.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.78–27.74, p  < 0.001). Similarly, a positive depression screen was more likely in LKDs with a positive anxiety screen (aRR 19.50, 95% CI 6.94–54.81, p  < 0.001), as well as in those whose recipients experienced graft loss (aRR 5.38, 95% CI 1.29–22.32, p  = 0.02). Regret was more likely in LKDs with a positive anxiety screen (aRR 5.68, 95% CI 1.20–26.90, p  = 0.03). This was a single center cross-sectional study which may limit generalizability and examination of causal effects. Also, due to the low prevalence of adverse psychosocial outcomes, we may lack power to detect some associations between donor characteristics and anxiety, depression, or regret. Conclusions Although there is a low prevalence of anxiety, depression, and regret of donation among LKDs, these are interrelated conditions and a positive screen for one condition should prompt evaluation for other conditions.

Depression and chronic pain are commonly comorbid, mutually reinforcing, and debilitating. Emerging approaches to mobile behavioral health care (mHealth) promise to improve outcomes for patients with comorbid depression and chronic pain by integrating with existing care models to bolster support and continuity between clinical visits; however, the evidence base supporting the use of mHealth to augment care for this patient population is limited. To develop an evidence base that sets the stage for future research, we aimed to explore the associations between changes in depression severity and various integrated care models, with and without mHealth augmentation, among patients with comorbid depression and nonmalignant chronic pain. Our team leveraged retrospective, real-world data from 3837 patients with comorbid depression and nonmalignant chronic pain who received integrated behavioral health care (IBH) at a subspecialty pain clinic. We analyzed one IBH-only, non-mHealth cohort (n=2765), an mHealth-augmented cohort (n=844), and a collaborative care (CoCM)+mHealth cohort (n=136), which were supported by the NeuroFlow mHealth platform, and a pre-CoCM mHealth cohort (n=92), which was supported by the mHealth platform for 3 months prior to beginning the chronic pain treatment. We evaluated changes in depression severity between treatment cohorts via longitudinal analyses of both clinician- and mHealth-administered Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) assessments. mHealth-augmented integrated care led to significantly greater proportions of patients reaching clinical benchmarks for reduction (725/844, 86% vs 2112/2765, 76%), response (689/844, 82% vs 2027/2765, 73%), and remission (629/844, 75% vs 1919/2765, 69%) compared with integrated care alone. Furthermore, hierarchical regression modeling revealed that patients who received mHealth-augmented psychiatric CoCM experienced the greatest sustained reductions in on-average depression severity compared with other cohorts, irrespective of clinical benchmarks. In addition, patients who engaged with an mHealth platform before entering CoCM experienced a 7.2% reduction in average depression severity before starting CoCM treatment. Our findings suggest that mHealth platforms have the potential to improve treatment outcomes for patients with comorbid chronic pain and depression by providing remote measurement-based care, tailored interventions, and improved continuity between appointments. Moreover, our study set the stage for further research, including randomized controlled trials to evaluate causal relationships between mHealth engagement and treatment outcomes in integrated care settings.

Various screening questionnaires have been established to identify psychopathology in children and adolescents. Some of these instruments include the pediatric symptom checklist (PSC), the pediatric symptom checklist (CBCL) and reporting questionnaire for children (RQC). However, many of the patients and their families may not speak English, and this can be a barrier to identifying and properly treating monolingual Spanish-speaking patients and families. There is a need for optimal mental health screening in Spanish speaking populations given the continued growth of the United States as a diverse country with complex demographic structure. Because of the diversity within the use of Spanish in Hispanic countries of origin, the aim of this study is to present unified Spanish versions of the RQC and PSC achieved through simultaneously and independently translating them into three versions of Spanish (RQC-SP and PSC-SP). To test the psychiatric validity of RQC-SP and PSC-SP, these both were administered simultaneously along with the Spanish version of the CBCL, which had already been well established. All three of these tools were given to Spanish speaking parents of pediatric outpatients (n = 22) while waiting for their clinic appointments. The RQC-SP had a correlation to the CBCL with R = 0.779 and p  < 0.001. The RQC-SP as compared with the CBCL had a false negative of 0/8 (0.00) with a sensitivity of 8/8 = 1.00. The false positives were 2/14 (0.143) and specificity 12/15 (0.85). The PSC-SP correlated with the CBCL with R = 0.897 and p  < 0.001. The PSC-SP correlation with the CBCL had false negative of 7/8 (0.875) and sensitivity of 1/8 (0.125) and false positive 0/14 (0.00) and specificity 14/14 (1.00). The RQC-SP and PSC-SP are brief, well-validated, reliable instruments designed.

To carry out a preliminary assessment of the use of a psychiatric screening tool in an urban homeless population, and to estimate the potential prevalence of undiagnosed and (or) unmanaged mental illness in this population. Participants (n = 166) were recruited from the Calgary Drop-in and Rehab Centre to complete a questionnaire containing 6 modules screening for common psychiatric disorders. Summary statistics were used in the analysis. Only 12 respondents (7%) screened negative on each of the 6 modules. The screening process determined that 60.2% of the sample (n = 100) had probable mental illness but reported no history of psychiatric diagnosis or treatment. A straightforward application of screening (in which screen-positive subjects are referred for assessment) would be difficult in this population as most will screen positive. The results highlight the tremendous burden of psychiatric symptoms in this population.

Although there is a plethora of research documenting the relations between broad personality traits and psychopathology, there is decidedly less on the relations between lower order facets and psychopathology. In the current study, we explored the associations between lower order personality traits and dimensions of mental disorder. A combined sample of undergraduates and outpatients completed self-reports of personality and mental disorder. Symptom counts of mental disorders were factor analyzed, and a higher order three-factor solution emerged. One factor was substance use disorder (SUD), and internalizing branched into distress and fear. These dimensions were regressed on facets from the Big Five model of personality. SUD was significantly predicted by high excitement-seeking from the extraversion domain and low self-discipline from conscientiousness. Distress and fear were indistinguishable from one another but showed a different pattern of relations from SUD. High anxiety and depression from neuroticism, low gregariousness from extraversion, high aesthetics and low actions from openness, low trust and high tender-mindedness from agreeableness, and low self-discipline from conscientiousness significantly predicted distress and fear. The findings demonstrate that lower order traits within a single domain have complex relations with psychopathology, which are shrouded when examining broad, higher order traits. Assessment and treatment implications are discussed.

The Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey 1991, 2007) was designed to evaluate patterns of psychopathology utilizing validity, clinical, treatment, and interpersonal scales. Its psychometric strengths include easily read items, gradations of responses, and extensive validation. The primary focus of the current study is to examine item-level clinical correlates to inform interpretation. For external validity, the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire (PDSQ; Zimmerman 2002) was utilized by examining individual items and subscales. The investigation used archival data from 192 outpatients. The most specific and detailed clinical correlates were found for PAI mood disorder scales. Several other clinical scales, such as Schizophrenia (SCZ), had comparatively few clinical correlates. The current findings underscore the need to further validate PAI external correlates in order to augment PAI statements.

Background: Depression and anxiety are routinely screened as part of perinatal care. However, other Axis 1 disorders and specific anxiety disorders are less likely to be screened or assessed as part of obstetric care. The objective of this study was to determine whether the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire (PDSQ) is a potentially useful tool to screen for psychiatric conditions in pregnant and postpartum women in a community setting. Methods: We compared the prevalence of DSM Axis I disorders obtained on the PDSQ with: (1) the prevalence of these disorders reported in previous studies of pregnant and postpartum women, and (2) scores obtained on the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90R) anxiety scale. Data were obtained from the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) study. Results: The PDSQ was completed by 1575 women prenatally and 1481 postnatally. The three most prevalent PDSQ conditions were social phobia, somatic disorder, and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). The prevalence of social phobia, alcohol disorder, OCD and psychosis were higher in the APrON cohort compared with statistics in the literature. The proportion of women meeting depression and anxiety cut-offs on the PDSQ were lower than for the EPDS and the SCL-90R. The Cohens Kappa index (k) indicated poor to fair agreement between the measures in classifying pregnant women as depressed or anxious. Conclusions: The PDSQ subscales may not be appropriate for the pregnant population. Research into instruments more specific to pregnant and postpartum women are needed to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in this population.