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IntroductionThe COVID-19 crisis has generated an increasing stress throughout the population.ObjectivesTo develop and validate the Adherence Scale to the Recommendations for Mental Health during the COVID-19 pandemic from the Portuguese General Directorate of Health (GDH) (ASR-MH-COVID19).MethodsThe items content was based on the GDH guides for the prevention of mental health and psychosocial well-being of the general population during the COVID-19 outbreak. After content and facial validity analysis, the preliminary version of the ASR-MH-COVID19 (8 items to be answered on a Likert scale) was completed by 413 individuals (69.2% female; mean age=31.02±14,272), in September-December 2020 (Sample1) and then by 967 (70.9% female; mean age=34.02±14,272), in February-May 2021 (Sample2). Sample1 was randomly divided in two sub-samples. Sample1A was used for exploratory factor analysis/EFA and Sample1B for confirmatory factor analysis/CFA; CFA was then replicated with Sample2. The online surveys also included the Adherence Scale to the Recommendations of Portuguese GDH to minimize the impact of COVID-19 (ASR-COVID-19; Pereira et al. 2020).ResultsCFAs were informed by EFA and showed that the unidimensional model presented acceptable-good fit indexes (Sample1B: χ2/df=2.747; RMSEA=.0980, p<.001; CFI=.973; TLI=.918, GFI=.972; Sample2: χ2/df=3.327; RMSEA=.0490, p<.001; CFI=.993; TLI=.983, GFI=.990). Cronbach’s alfas were α<.850. Pearson correlations between ASR-MH-COVID19 and ASR-COVID19 were significant (p<.01) and moderate-high for the total (r=.753) and dimensional scores (Distance and respiratory hygiene, r=.739; House and personal hygiene, r=.584; Use of remote services and isolation r=.425).ConclusionsThe new ASR-MH-COVID19 has shown validity and reliability, allowing the investigation of this (mental) health behaviour.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Health literacy entails the knowledge, motivation, and competencies to access, understand, appraise, and apply health information in order to make judgments and decisions in everyday life concerning health care, disease prevention, and health promotion to maintain or improve quality of life throughout the life course. It has become an essential concept in public health. It is considered a modifiable determinant of health decisions, health behaviors, health, and healthcare outcomes. Prior studies suggest highly variable levels of health literacy across European countries. Assessing and monitoring health literacy is critical to support interventions and policies to improve health literacy. This study aimed to describe the process of adaptation to Portugal of the short-form version of the Health Literacy Survey (HLS19-Q12) from the Health Literacy Population Survey Project 2019–2021, also establishing the health literacy levels in the Portuguese population. The sample comprised 1247 valid cases. The survey consisted of a brief questionnaire on the determinants of health literacy, plus the HLS19-Q12 questionnaire and the specific health literacies packages on digital health literacy, navigational health literacy, and vaccination health literacy. The results suggest that 7 out of 10 people in Portugal (mainland) have high health literacy levels and support the results of other studies concerning the main socioeconomic determinants of general health literacy. Furthermore, the results suggest that “navigation in the health system” tasks are the most challenging tasks regarding specific health literacies. The overall data suggest the HLS19-Q12 as a feasible measure to assess health literacy in the Portuguese population. Thus, it can be used in Portugal to assess the population’s needs and monitor and evaluate policies and initiatives to promote health literacy by addressing its societal, environmental, personal, and situational modifiable determinant factors.

Introdução: Diante da escassez de instrumentos de avaliação do desenvolvimento infantil adaptados culturalmente, validados e viáveis para uso na prática clínica no Brasil, é necessário maior investimento para disponibilização de recursos com boas propriedades psicométricas para uso clínico e cientifico. Objetivo: Analisar o processo de adaptação transcultural do instrumento de vigilância do desenvolvimento infantil “Survey of Wellbeing of Young Children (SWYC)” no contexto brasileiro. Método: O SWYC é um instrumento de vigilância do desenvolvimento infantil, comportamento e fatores de risco para crianças menores de 65 meses, constituído pelos questionários - Developmental Milestones, Parent’s Observations of Social Interactions (POSI), Baby Pediatric Symptom Checklist (BPSC), Preschool Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PPSC) e Family Questions. A adaptação transcultural seguiu as etapas recomendadas pela literatura e participaram 45 pais do primeiro pré-teste e 27 do segundo pré-teste. Para análise das propriedades de medida foi utilizada análise fatorial (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin–KMO), cálculo da validade convergente (Average Variance Extracted - AVE) e confiabilidade (consistência interna - Cronbach’s Alpha - CA). Resultados: No primeiro pré-teste, os pais compreenderam apenas 31% dos itens. O comitê de especialistas reanalisou e modificou os questionários. No segundo pré-teste, o índice de compreensão foi 77%, dando origem a versão final. Os questionários Developmental Milestones, BPSC e PPSC foram considerados unidimensionais (KMO = 0,62 a 0,95) e apresentaram AVE = 0,52 a 0,73 e CA = 0,55 a 0,97. Conclusão: Análise da qualidade dos itens, da validade convergente e da consistência interna da versão brasileira do SWYC revelou propriedades de medida satisfatórias, mostrando-se um instrumento promissor para uso clinico e em pesquisas com crianças no Brasil.

The aim of this study was to construct the Courtesy Stigma among Family Members of Drug Users Scale (ECOFAD) and to seek evidence of content validity and internal structure. From the literature review on Courtesy Stigma in the PsycNET (APA), PubMed, BVS Brasil, CAPES Periodicals, SciELO, and PePSIC databases, 6 instruments were identified that measure this phenomenon and that supported the construction of a scale with 3 dimensions (cognitive, affective and behavioral). A committee of seven expert judges evaluated the instrument, with the Content Validity Coefficients for the writing, clarity and relevance of the items being: .78, .82 and .87, respectively. In the online sample (n =86), the reliability index of the subscales varied, with Cronbach's Alpha from .81 to .89. Exploratory Factor Analysis indicated three factors as the most representative for the set of variables observed. Objetivou-se no pressente estudo a construção da Escala de Estigma de Cortesia entre Familiares de Usuários de Drogas (ECOFAD) e a busca por evidências de validade de conteúdo e de estrutura interna. A partir da revisão de literatura sobre Estigma de Cortesia nas bases de dados PsycNET (APA), Pubmed, Bvs Brasil, Periódicos CAPES, SciELO, e Pepsic, foram identificados seis instrumentos que mensuram esse fenômeno e que serviram para a proposição de uma escala com três dimensões (cognitiva, afetiva e comportamental). Uma comissão de sete juízes especialistas avaliou o instrumento e os coeficientes de validade de conteúdo para a escrita, clareza e pertinência dos itens foram de: 0,78, 0,82 e 0,87, respectivamente. Na amostra online (n =86), o índice de confiabilidade das subescalas variou com alfa de Cronbach de 0,81 a 0,89. A análise fatorial exploratória indicou três fatores como os mais representativos do conjunto de variáveis observadas. El objetivo de este estudio fue construir la Escala de Estigma de Cortesía entre Familiares de Usuarios de Drogas (ECOFAD) y buscar evidencias de validez de contenido y estructura interna. A partir de la revisión de la literatura sobre Estigma de Cortesía en las bases de datos PsycNET (APA), Pubmed, Bvs Brasil, CAPES Periodicals, SciELO y Pepsic, se identificaron 6 instrumentos que miden este fenómeno y que sirvieron para proponer una escala con 3 dimensiones (cognitiva, afectiva y conductuales). Un comité de siete jueces expertos evaluó el instrumento y los Coeficientes de Validez de Contenido para la redacción, claridad y pertinencia de los ítems fueron: 0,78, 0,82 y 0,87, respectivamente. En la muestra en línea (n =86), el índice de confiabilidad de las subescalas varió con el Alfa de Cronbach de 0,81 a 0,89. El Análisis Factorial Exploratorio indicó tres factores como los más representativos del conjunto de variables observadas.

Purpose Understanding patients’ motives for undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is key to managing postoperative expectations. We aimed to translate and validate the 14-item European Obesity Academy Questionnaire on Expectations about Surgical Treatment (EOAQ-EST) to Brazilian Portuguese for research and clinical use. Materials and Methods This study included a total of 198 candidates for MBS at a reference academic hospital in Brazil from January 2021 to February 2022. We followed Beaton and Bombardier’s guidelines for translation and cultural adaptation, including translation, back-translation, comparative analysis, expert review, pilot testing, and the creation of the final version of the questionnaire. Reliability was tested with McDonald’s omega, and internal validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results The final version was applied to 161 patients, 85% female, with a mean age of 46.4 ± 10.3 years and a mean BMI of 48.3 ± 8.2 kg/m 2 . Validity was supported by a bifactorial model (95% CI 0.044–0.104, p  = 0.08), excluding one item (improved fertility) due to a floor effect. The reliability analysis showed that the 13 remaining items were internally consistent, with a McDonald’s ω of 0.625. Conclusions The Brazilian-Portuguese version of EOAQ-EST proved to be user-friendly, consistent, and reliable. This questionnaire may assist multidisciplinary teams in effectively addressing patients’ expectations concerning metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) outcomes. Graphical Abstract

Linking interindividual differences in psychological phenotype to variations in brain structure is an old dream for psychology and a crucial question for cognitive neurosciences. Yet, replicability of the previously-reported ‘structural brain behavior’ (SBB)-associations has been questioned, recently. Here, we conducted an empirical investigation, assessing replicability of SBB among heathy adults. For a wide range of psychological measures, the replicability of associations with gray matter volume was assessed. Our results revealed that among healthy individuals 1) finding an association between performance at standard psychological tests and brain morphology is relatively unlikely 2) significant associations, found using an exploratory approach, have overestimated effect sizes and 3) can hardly be replicated in an independent sample. After considering factors such as sample size and comparing our findings with more replicable SBB-associations in a clinical cohort and replicable associations between brain structure and non-psychological phenotype, we discuss the potential causes and consequences of these findings. All human brains share the same basic structure. But no two brains are exactly alike. Brain scans can reveal differences between people in the organization and activity of individual brain regions. Studies have suggested that these differences give rise to variation in personality, intelligence and even political preferences. But recent attempts to replicate some of these findings have failed, questioning the existence of such a direct link, specifically between brain structure and human behavior. This had led some disagreements whether there is a general replication crisis in psychology, or if the replication studies themselves are flawed. Kharabian Masouleh et al. have now used brain scans from hundreds of healthy volunteers from an already available dataset to try to resolve the issue. The volunteers had previously completed several psychological tests. These measured cognitive and behavioral aspects such as attention, memory, anxiety and personality traits. Kharabian Masouleh et al. performed more than 10,000 analyzes on their dataset to look for relationships between brain structure and psychological traits. But the results revealed very few statistically significant relationships. Moreover, the relationships that were identified proved difficult to replicate in independent samples. By contrast, the same analyzes demonstrated robust links between brain structure and memory in patients with Alzheimer's disease. They also showed connections between brain structure and non-psychological traits, such as age. This confirms that the analysis techniques do work. So why did the new study find so few relationships between brain structure and psychological traits, when so many links have been reported previously? One possibility is publication bias. Researchers and journals may be more likely to publish positive findings than negative ones. Another factor could be that that most studies use too few participants to be able to reliably detect relationships between brain structure and behavior, and that studies with 200 to 300 participants are still too small. Therefore, future studies should use samples with many hundreds of participants, or more. This will be possible if more groups make their data available for others to analyze. Researchers and journals must also be more willing to publish negative findings. This will help provide an accurate view of relationships between brain structure and behavior.

Physical literacy is a phenomenon that has the potential to improve our engagement in an active life. However, there are no appropriate and validated instruments for the Brazilian context. This study aimed to present the Assessment for Brazilian Children’s Physical Literacy tools and evaluate their content validity, reliability, and feasibility. Five instruments — the Perception of Motor Competence Scale and Confidence Scale for Involvement in Physical Activity (affective domain), the Sedentary Behavior Scale and Organized Physical Activity Questionnaire (behavioral domain), and the Scale of Knowledge and Understanding of Physical Activity (comprehension domain) — were tested for content validity with a panel of 19 judges (Delphi method). The Content Validity Coefficient (> .8) confirmed the validity for all instruments; subsequently, schoolchildren aged 8 to 13 years (n = 19) answered the instruments. Correlations confirmed the tools’ reliability (good to excellent); feasibility results ranged from good to excellent. These Assessment for Brazilian Children’s Physical Literacy tools proved to be valid, reliable, and feasible for this Brazilian sample.

IntroductionThe dark triad is composed by the personality traits Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy (MNP). Their complexity can make them difficult to interrelate. Artificial intelligence (AI) could help in this endeavour.ObjectivesTo investigate whether AI could predict MNP from themselves.MethodsData from 210 questionnaires were analysed using an AI. The short Dark Triad questionnaire (SD3) was used to assess MNP. Two of the MNP scores were employed to predict the third one and the procedure was repeated for all of them alternatively. The AI was conservatively tuned to maximize the one-way random intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between predicted and real values. Pearson’s r was calculated too. The free and open source programming language R was used for all the analyses. Dataset source: Borráz-León, Javier I. (2020), “Dark triad, attractiveness, mate value, and sexual partners”, Mendeley Data, V1, doi: 10.17632/87vx6jfnrp.1ResultsMachiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy predictions obtained ICC of 0.593, 0.335, 0.505 and Pearson’s r of 0.608, 0.346, 0.548 respectively. The results were indicative of fair performance, mainly for Machiavellianism and psychopathy.ConclusionsAI might be useful to predict MNP. This could be utile in many situations, such as dealing with missing data or deciding whether to formally test someone. Finally, the AI used in this study is freely available, allowing anyone to experiment.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

IntroductionOpenness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness and neuroticism are known as the Big Five personality traits (BFPT). They are theoretical building blocks of the personality and comprise wide and interconnected spectra. Artificial intelligence (AI) could help to grasp their complexity.ObjectivesTo investigate whether AI could predict the BFPT from themselves.MethodsData from 2,697 questionnaires were analysed using an AI. The short form of the International Personality Item Pool was used to assess the BFPT. Four of the BFPT scores were employed to predict the fifth one and the procedure was repeated for all of them alternatively. The AI was conservatively tuned to maximize the one-way random intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between predicted and real values. Their Pearson’s r was calculated too. The free and open source programming language R was used for all the analyses. Dataset source: Hansson, Isabelle; Berg, Anne Ingeborg; Thorvaldsson, Valgeir (2018), “Can personality predict longitudinal study attrition? Evidence from a population-based sample of older adults”, Mendeley Data, V1, doi: 10.17632/g3jx8zt2t9.1ResultsOpenness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness and neuroticism predictions obtained ICC of 0.219, 0.146, 0.306, 0.354, 0.121 and Pearson’s r of 0.254, 0.149, 0.393, 0.446, 0.122 respectively. The results for extroversion and agreeableness were indicative of fair performance.ConclusionsAI might be useful to predict personality traits, mainly extroversion and agreeableness. This could be utile in many situations, such as dealing with missing data or deciding whether to formally test someone. Finally, the AI used in this study is freely available, allowing anyone to experiment.