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Social Capital, Environmental Knowledge, and Pro-Environmental Behavior
As the value form of public access to environmental information, the impact of social capital on pro-environmental behavior cannot be ignored. Based on the data of the Chinese General Social Survey 2013 (CGSS2013), this study measures social capital from four aspects—social trust, social norms, social network, and social participation—and it empirically tests the impact of social capital on private and public pro-environmental behavior. The study finds that social capital helps promote pro-environmental behavior. Specifically, the more the public abides by social norms, the higher the degree of social participation, and the stronger the willingness to adopt private and public pro-environmental behaviors. However, the improvement of social trust only has a significant impact on the private environmental behaviors, and the expansion of the social network scale only has a significant impact on the public pro-environmental behaviors. The enhancement of social capital enriches environmental knowledge and promotes pro-environmental behaviors. The mechanism test shows that environmental knowledge plays an intermediary role in the path of social capital affecting individual pro-environmental behavior. The improvement of social capital has a significant impact on the environmental knowledge of individuals with high subjective social class. The gender heterogeneity of social capital affecting environmental knowledge mainly stems from social trust and social network. The stronger the degree of social trust, the richer the environmental knowledge of women, and the social network mainly affects the knowledge level of men. In addition, the publics in the southern region are more likely to be affected by social trust and improve environmental knowledge. Based on the above research conclusions, this paper puts forward policy suggestions on institutional aspects, such as increasing support for informal environmental organizations, carrying out differentiated sustainable development education, and improving the mechanism of environmental information communication.
Journal Article
Digital barbarism : a writer's manifesto
In Helprin's Jeffersonian defense of private property, the author explains why the popular campaign for an open source approach to intellectual property undermines not just the possibility of an independent literary culture but threatens the future of civilization itself.
Book
C-MHAD: Continuous Multimodal Human Action Dataset of Simultaneous Video and Inertial Sensing
Existing public domain multi-modal datasets for human action recognition only include actions of interest that have already been segmented from action streams. These datasets cannot be used to study a more realistic action recognition scenario where actions of interest occur randomly and continuously among actions of non-interest or no actions. It is more challenging to recognize actions of interest in continuous action streams since the starts and ends of these actions are not known and need to be determined in an on-the-fly manner. Furthermore, there exists no public domain multi-modal dataset in which video and inertial data are captured simultaneously for continuous action streams. The main objective of this paper is to describe a dataset that is collected and made publicly available, named Continuous Multimodal Human Action Dataset (C-MHAD), in which video and inertial data stream are captured simultaneously in a continuous way. This dataset is then used in an example recognition technique and the results obtained indicate that the fusion of these two sensing modalities increases the F1 scores compared to using each sensing modality individually.
Journal Article
A public empire
\"Property rights\" and \"Russia\" do not usually belong in the same sentence. Rather, our general image of the nation is of insecurity of private ownership and defenselessness in the face of the state. Many scholars have attributed Russia's long-term development problems to a failure to advance property rights for the modern age and blamed Russian intellectuals for their indifference to the issues of ownership.A Public Empirerefutes this widely shared conventional wisdom and analyzes the emergence of Russian property regimes from the time of Catherine the Great through World War I and the revolutions of 1917. Most importantly,A Public Empireshows the emergence of the new practices of owning \"public things\" in imperial Russia and the attempts of Russian intellectuals to reconcile the security of property with the ideals of the common good.
The book analyzes how the belief that certain objects-rivers, forests, minerals, historical monuments, icons, and Russian literary classics-should accede to some kind of public status developed in Russia in the mid-nineteenth century. Professional experts and liberal politicians advocated for a property reform that aimed at exempting public things from private ownership, while the tsars and the imperial government employed the rhetoric of protecting the sanctity of private property and resisted attempts at its limitation.
Exploring the Russian ways of thinking about property,A Public Empirelooks at problems of state reform and the formation of civil society, which, as the book argues, should be rethought as a process of constructing \"the public\" through the reform of property rights.
eBook
Deep learning enabled pseudonymization for preserving data privacy of financial identifiers in public documents in India
The increasing digitization and transmission of government-issued electronic documents have intensified the need to protect the ’Handwritten signatures’-recognized as ’critical biometric identifiers’ from identity-related data breaches. For instance, as per 2025-RSA ID IQ Report, 40% of respondents reported Identity-related data breaches and 66% emphasized the significant damages caused by these breaches to their organizations. The existing privacy-preserving anonymization research is primarily focusing on facial features and fingerprints, whereas the Pseudonymization of handwritten signatures in publicly accessible documents remains largely underexplored in the literature. This research study proposes a new Fully Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based Pseudonymization framework using SuperPoint architecture integrated with Differentiable output decoding, which aims to identify and pseudonymize the handwritten signatures in public-domain documents, specifically in Indian Government issued Permanent Account Number (PAN) cards. In contrast to traditional anonymization approaches, this pseudonymization technique preserves document utility by securing sensitive data and thereby enables traceable identity protection without compromising the structural integrity of input documents. Extensive evaluations are carried out on a curated dataset of 500+ real-world PAN cards, which establishes the model’s robustness and applicability in large-scale deployments. The results of comparative analysis with baseline techniques including ORB, FAST, SIFT and deep CNN, clearly demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method in terms of various metrics such as Precision, Recall, SSIM, runtime efficiency, and spatial overhead. In addition, the research findings suggest practical implications for embedding CNN-based pseudonymization into Public-sector Document processing pipelines, which supports secure and utility-preserved digital archiving in compliance with modern privacy GDPR standards.
Journal Article
When Copyright Meets Digital Cultural Heritage: Picturing an EU Right to Culture in Freedom of Panorama and Reproduction of Public Domain Art
Over the years, there has been an increasing interest in cultural heritage, particularly within the digital context. This has brought to light numerous opportunities and challenges that however require a careful consideration of fundamental rights, such as the public’s entitlement to participation in cultural life, i.e. the right to culture. Preserving the communal aspect of cultural heritage is pivotal in unlocking the full potential of the right to engage in cultural activities. Within the intricate landscape of norms and policies encompassing diverse and often competing interests, the primary focus of this analysis is on the copyright
acquis
, which may be optimised for the public’s enjoyment of digital culture. This article aims to establish connections between two EU copyright provisions: the Freedom of Panorama (FoP), a discretionary exception under Art. 5(3)(h) of the Directive on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society (InfoSoc), allowing the reproduction of cultural goods visible from public places, and the reproduction of visual artworks in the public domain under Art. 14 of the Directive on copyright in the digital single market (CDSMD). Through a comparative analysis of how certain Member States have implemented these provisions, this article proposes potential paths for a balanced and thoughtful assessment of the interests related to digital cultural heritage that should lead to advancing the right to culture. While it would be wise to consider a supra-national legislative intervention that mandates the FoP exception, Member States should at the same time uphold the scope of Art. 14 of CDSMD, especially when it might be pre-empted by other regulations, such as those governing cultural heritage. By examining the foundations of these two provisions and seeking their nuanced interpretation, the authors anticipate the coexistence of a vital component of the EU right to culture, while acknowledging that the journey toward its comprehensive realization is far from over.
Journal Article
Hydrogeomorphological analysis for hydraulic public domain definition: case study in Carrión River (Palencia, Spain)
Fluvial spaces have a marked reduction at a global level because of anthropic processes, which have generated an increase in elements exposed to flooding. These spaces include natural flow courses and flood-prone lands. In Spain, natural channels are defined as Hydraulic Public Domain assets, whose delimitation is essential for their protection and flood risk management. However, demarcation of these areas with independent hydrological-hydraulic approaches has generated underestimates in the extension of water-covered lands, thus in recent years it has become clear that there is a need to integrate other variables, such as geology and fluvial geomorphology, which allow comprehension of river dynamics from processes that occurred in the past. Therefore, this study aims to contribute to a better understanding in the definition of areas belonging to natural channels through the development of a detailed hydrogeomorphological-historical method applied to Carrión river (Palencia, Spain). For this purpose, Digital Terrain Models were generated from high spatial resolution LIDAR data, on which erosive and sedimentary forms generated by water circulation were delimited, whose process was also supported in ephemeral and topographic evidences collected in field. With this input, depending on dynamic characteristics and river land vegetation, limits of the Hydraulic Public Domain were drawn. The products obtained are made up as optimized elements both for management of natural courses and for delimitation and zoning of new flooding areas by incorporating hydrogeomorphological criteria.
Journal Article
Which strategy should be adopted for the delimitation of the hydraulic public domain? The case of a watershed characterised by dam overflows and inter-basin water transfers (Boudouaou-Algeria)
The dams and reservoirs built in the valleys play a key role in water management and contribute to a society’s quality of life. But they are also a potential risk, with often tragic downstream consequences. Keddara dam on the Boudouaou wadi, in central Algeria, is just an example. Its historical water level record shows that it has overflowed on several occasions, resulting in a real danger of flooding for people living downstream, particularly those living in the town of Boudouaou. In this respect, hazard mapping represents a very effective means of prevention, through the delimitation of the Public Hydraulic Domain (PHD). To do this, we were interested in the predetermination of extreme flood flows and hydraulic simulation in a natural environment. In fact, the particularity of our study lies in the strategy adopted for the case of an ungauged catchment, led by a dam located in its upstream part, and characterized by water inflows outside the catchment, This situation of the dam has led to devastating spills, which leads us to consider the entire Boudouaou basin to determine the flow rates and thus the hazard zones downstream the basin. In order to solve this problem a very high spatial resolution data was used, with Digital Terrain Model and Digital Surface Model of 1 m, as well as orthorectified satellite image of 50 cm. On the other hand, the peak flow data for different return periods were estimated using empirical formulas, using frequency maximum precipitation and the physical characteristics of the basins. However, roughness data, bridges as well as details of all hydraulic structures are the subject of several field visits. The results of the hydraulic simulation obtained after calibration and validation of the HEC-RAS model, by using the peak flows caused by the overflow of the Keddara dam on the one hand, and the Boudouaou sub-basin downstream on the other hand, seem to give better results for the various retained recurrences (high, medium and low), i.e. simulated water levels correspond exactly or almost exactly to the heights measured in the field.
Journal Article
The Protection of Estuarine Margins under the Maritime–Terrestrial Public Domain, the Cases of Portugal, Angola, Brazil, and Mozambique
Coastal and estuarine margins are considered natural resources with various functions and are covered by different management and protection tools. In Portugal, the Maritime Public Domain (MPD) aims to regulate property in maritime and coastal areas, assuming that these are public resources of the nation. Little is known, however, about how the MPD considers estuarine margins, which are also valuable, and vulnerable, environmental areas. This article analyses how the concept of MPD applies to the estuarine margins in Portugal. Moreover, as this concept has been subsequently adopted by other countries with close roots such as Angola, Brazil, and Mozambique, this paper also explores if estuaries are further considered in their legislation. For this purpose, it undertakes an analysis of legal documents establishing the MPD, focusing on the definition, types of areas where it applies, the width of the margins, ownership, and use restriction. The findings show that estuaries are considered by the MPD in Portugal and in the similar instruments of the other three countries. Nevertheless, their approaches differ, especially on the width of margins and the flexibility of the ownership regime, suggesting that the potential to protect margins has not been globally reinforced by the countries adopting MPD after Portugal. This study offers new insights on the MPD and brings to the fore a gap in the literature that deserves to be further explored in other countries with different legal traditions and deepening the analysis on the added value for the protection of estuarine margins.
Journal Article