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Artificial intelligence (AI) is widely considered to be the new technical advancement capable of a large-scale modernization of health care. Considering AI’s potential impact on the clinician-patient relationship, health care provision, and health care systems more widely, patients and the wider public should be a part of the development, implementation, and embedding of AI applications in health care. Failing to establish patient and public engagement and involvement (PPIE) can limit AI’s impact. This study aims to (1) understand patients’ and the public’s perceived benefits and challenges for AI and (2) clarify how to best conduct PPIE in projects on translating AI into clinical practice, given public perceptions of AI. We conducted this qualitative PPIE focus-group consultation in the United Kingdom. A total of 17 public collaborators representing 7 National Institute of Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaborations across England participated in 1 of 3 web-based semistructured focus group discussions. We explored public collaborators’ understandings, experiences, and perceptions of AI applications in health care. Transcripts were coanalyzed iteratively with 2 public coauthors using thematic analysis. We identified 3 primary deductive themes with 7 corresponding inductive subthemes. Primary theme 1, advantages of implementing AI in health care, had 2 subthemes: system improvements and improve quality of patient care and shared decision-making. Primary theme 2, challenges of implementing AI in health care, had 3 subthemes: challenges with security, bias, and access; public misunderstanding of AI; and lack of human touch in care and decision-making. Primary theme 3, recommendations on PPIE for AI in health care, had 2 subthemes: experience, empowerment, and raising awareness; and acknowledging and supporting diversity in PPIE.

This paper proposes and models a novel approach to public engagement with the use of algorithms in public services. Algorithms pose significant risks which need to be anticipated and mitigated through democratic governance, including public engagement. We argue that as the challenge of creating responsible algorithms within a dynamic innovation system is one that will never definitively be accomplished – and as public engagement is not singular or pre-given but is always constructed through performance and in relation to other processes and events – public engagement with algorithms needs to be conducted and conceptualised as relational, systemic, and ongoing. We use a systemic mapping approach to map and analyse 77 cases of public engagement with the use of algorithms in public services in the UK 2013–2020 and synthesise the potential benefits and risks of these approaches articulated across the cases. The mapping shows there was already a diversity of public engagement on this topic in the UK by 2020, involving a wide range of different policy areas, framings of the problem, affordances of algorithms, publics, and formats of public engagement. While many of the cases anticipate benefits from the adoption of these technologies, they also raise a range of concerns which mirror much of the critical literature and highlight how algorithmic approaches may sometimes foreclose alternative options for policy delivery. The paper concludes by considering how this approach could be adopted on an ongoing basis to ensure the responsible governance of algorithms in public services, through a ‘public engagement observatory’.

Although it did not have systematic theoretical treatment on the part of Pierre Bourdieu, the neoliberal issue goes through the whole of his work especially from the 1990’s. This article seeks to demonstrate that his considerations about neoliberalism were related to the constitution of a subjectivity of political resistance around his conformation as a public intellectual. To this end, the most significant experiences of public engagement mobilized by this sociologist were articulated to his addressing the neoliberal issue. Finally, will be realized an interpretation of the meaning of this subjectivity of resistance against the neoliberalism. The critical incorporation of this theoretical and political repertoire can inspire us for new sociological actions, in the light of current demands and commitments.

This article explores how large-scale public mobilisation in non-conflict states can contribute to peacebuilding amid global crises such as refugee displacement and energy disruption. Applying the Structural–Accelerators–Triggers (SAT) theoretical framework, the study analyses how structural vulnerabilities, intensifying pressures, and acute global events catalyse policy responses and public engagement. Drawing on qualitative analysis of secondary data—including policy documents and case studies from Italy, Spain, Germany, and Norway—the research demonstrates that crises such as the Syrian civil war and the Russia–Ukraine conflict heighten urgency for state action and public involvement. Structural factors such as energy dependence and geopolitical tension are shown to intersect with acute triggers, including mass migration and supply shocks, fostering momentum for peace-oriented cooperation. Norway’s diplomatic mediation and the EU’s collective energy strategy exemplify how moral authority and coordinated policy initiatives can translate a crisis into stability. The study extends the SAT model by illustrating how non-conflict countries can reframe global challenges as entry points for systemic transformation and sustained peace, and suggests future research on energy diversification, refugee integration, and the role of digital tools in civic participation.

Background Smartphones are being increasingly used for research owing to their multifunctionality and flexibility, and crowdsourced research using smartphone applications (apps) is effective in the early detection and management of chronic diseases. We developed the AllerSearch app to gather real-world data on individual subjective symptoms and lifestyle factors related to hay fever. This study established a foundation for interactive research by adopting novel, diverse perspectives accrued through implementing the principles of patient and public involvement (PPI) in the development of our app. Methods Patients and members of the public with a history or family history of hay fever were recruited from November 2019 to December 2021 through a dedicated website, social networking services, and web briefing according to the PPI Guidebook 2019 by the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development. Nine opinion exchange meetings were held from February 2020 to December 2021 to collect opinions and suggestions for updating the app. After each meeting, interactive evaluations from PPI contributors and researchers were collected. The compiled suggestions were then incorporated into the app, establishing an active feedback loop fed by the consistently interactive infrastructure. Results Four PPI contributors (one man and three women) were recruited, and 93 items were added/changed in the in-app survey questionnaire in accordance with discussions from the exchange meetings. The exchange meetings emphasized an atmosphere and opportunity for participants to speak up, ensuring frequent opportunities for them to contribute to the research. In March 2020, a public website was created to display real-time outcomes of the number of participants and users’ hay-fever-preventative behaviors. In August 2020, a new PPI-implemented AllerSearch app was released. Conclusions This study marks the first research on clinical smartphone apps for hay fever in Japan that implements PPI throughout its timeline from research and development to the publication of research results. Taking advantage of the distinct perspectives offered by PPI contributors, a step was taken toward actualizing a foundation for an interactive research environment. These results should promote future PPI research and foster the establishment of a social construct that enables PPI efforts in various fields. Plain English summary Patient and public involvement (PPI) plays an important role in promoting effective execution of health science research, as well as in the establishment of a social agreement and infrastructure for the care of various diseases, including cancer, chronic diseases, and allergic illnesses. Hay fever is one of the most common allergic diseases, affecting more than 30 million people in Japan. It is known for its myriad factors and diverse presentations. Previously, we developed a mobile health (mHealth) smartphone application (app) for hay fever—AllerSearch—released in February 2018. This app is capable of collecting relevant digital phenotypes and user-provided information, which are used in providing tailored, evidence-based suggestions. To our knowledge, no other studies have been conducted on the implementation of PPI in mHealth. Since hay fever presents with a wide variety of symptoms and risk factors, PPI principles appear well-suited for eliciting insights from the patient/public population and for incorporating new, expert perspectives into the research process. In this study, we included PPI contributors in the research plan, app development, and evaluation. Most notably, the survey questionnaire and user interface of the app was tailored based on PPI feedback. The updated AllerSearch app was released during this study period. Since hay fever is a widespread and variable illness, the multifaceted input from patients and public experts enabled by PPI implementation holds promise for improving society-wide healthcare and in empowering a culture toward medical involvement.

This research paper aims to co-design a theoretical framework and methodological guidelines to monitor theperformance, outcomes, and impact of Citizen Science projects. Hence, the proposed methodology com-bines the previous research efforts on the engagement of external stakeholders into a composite monitoringtool, which allows measuring and comparing CS project progress towards defined objectives. The develop-ment of methodology adopted a pragmatic mixed-method research design. Firstly, analysis of the theoreticalsources and available monitoring tools provided the basis for a conceptual framework and identification ofmeasurement indicators. The rationale of the conceptual framework was based on the co-creation workshopand stakeholders` interviews. In addition, the aggregation of indicators during the expert Focus group re-search resulted in a meaningful design of the composite CS Performance Index. The designed methodologyis a part of the three-year Horizon 2020 “Science with and for Society” project INCENTIVE (Grant AgreementNo. 101005330) that brings on board four Research Performing and Funding Organizations: the University ofTwente, the Autonomous University of Barcelona, the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and the Vilnius Gedi-minas Technical University. Methodological guidelines set the structure for applying the monitoring in fournational CS Hubs and support their coordination. In particular, the values of the indicators could be comparedwith the targets set, with the respective values of other Citizen Science Hubs, or to worldwide trends.

1. Successful monitoring and management of plant resources worldwide needs the involvement of civil society to support natural reserve managers. Because it is difficult to correctly and quickly identify plant species for non‐specialists, the development of recent techniques based on automatic visual identification should facilitate and increase public engagement in citizen science initiatives. 2. Automatic identification platforms are new to most citizen scientists and land managers. Pl@ntNet is such a platform, available since 2013 on web and mobile environments, and now included in several workflows such as invasive alien species management, endemic species monitoring, educational activities and eco‐tourism practices. The successful development of such platforms needs to identify their strengths and weaknesses in order to improve and facilitate their use in all aspects of ecosystem management. 3. Here we present two Pl@ntNet citizen science initiatives used by conservation practitioners in Europe (France) and Africa (Kenya). We discuss various perspectives, including benefits and limitations. Based on the experiences of field managers, we formulate several recommendations for future initiatives. The recommendations are aimed at a diverse group of conservation managers and citizen science practitioners. Data acquisition and management workflow implemented in the two analyzed case studies. In the Ramières Reserve, pioneer citizen scientists (i.e Citizen scientistA) have provided a large volume of visual data to allow accurate automatic identification by reserve managers and local citizen scientists (i.e Citizen scientistB), which yields reliable observation data. For the Lewa Conservatory, the Lewa House and the Lewa Conservancy have contextualized a Pl@ntNet platform restricted to a reference species list, and have produced a large amount of observations to initiate the automatic identification service on Lewa flora. 1. La réussite de la surveillance et de la gestion des ressources végétales dans le monde entier nécessite l'implication de la société civile pour soutenir les gestionnaires des réserves naturelles. Parce qu'il est difficile d'identifier correctement et rapidement les espèces végétales pour les non‐spécialistes, le développement de techniques récentes basées sur l'identification visuelle automatique devrait faciliter et accroître l'engagement du public dans les initiatives scientifiques citoyennes. 2. Les plate‐formes d'identification automatique sont nouvelles pour la plupart des scientifiques citoyens et des gestionnaires des territoires. La plateforme Pl@ntNet, disponible depuis 2013 sur le web et les environnements mobiles, et désormais incluse dans plusieurs dispositifs professionnels tels que la gestion des espèces exotiques envahissantes, la surveillance des espèces endémiques, les activités éducatives et les pratiques éco‐touristiques. La réussite du développement de telles plate‐formes nécessite d'identifier leurs forces et faiblesses afin d'améliorer et de faciliter leur utilisation dans tous les aspects de la gestion des écosystèmes. 3. Nous présentons ici deux initiatives scientifiques et citoyennes de Pl@ntNet, utilisées par les praticiens de la conservation en Europe (France) et en Afrique (Kenya). Nous discutons plusieurs perspectives, en y incluant les avantages et les limites. Sur la base des expériences de terrain des gestionnaires, nous formulons plusieurs recommandations pour des initiatives futures similaires. Ces recommandations s'adressent à un groupe diversifié de gestionnaires de la conservation et de praticiens des sciences citoyennes.

This article explores how care as an analytical lens reframes understandings of public engagement in climate-mitigation research. The analysis draws on three living labs conducted in a technology-led research center dedicated to developing sustainable, zero-emission neighborhoods. The three living labs represented extreme variations in how the public received them and their proposals: rejection, passive disinterest, or enthusiastic acceptance. From an instrumental perspective, these outcomes are typically labeled as success or failure. We mobilize care as an analytical lens to move beyond this binary. The analysis demonstrates how care draws attention to relational attachments, ethical obligations, and ongoing responsiveness, allowing us to reinterpret the events and outcomes in these living labs. Rather than viewing disengagement and rejection as the result of misunderstandings, lack of knowledge, or unwillingness, a care lens shows how they can be understood as neglect or absence of relational attachments and ethical obligations. Similarly, acceptance is not merely a function of the merits of the proposed solution. Instead, it is viewed as situated alignment with existing care practices. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrates how a care lens expands the scope of responsiveness, allowing responses that are not aimed at fixing problems to be understood as productive forces. Our findings indicate that approaching public engagement with a care orientation helps to produce new understandings of how such activities can contribute to climate-mitigation efforts.

Citizen science and concerns about sustainability can catalyze much-needed synergy between environmental education and science education. Urgent issues such as climate change, food scarcity, malnutrition, and loss of biodiversity are highly complex and contested in both science and society ( 1 ). To address them, environmental educators and science educators seek to engage people in what are commonly referred to as sustainability challenges. Regrettably, science education (SE), which focuses primarily on teaching knowledge and skills, and environmental education (EE), which also stresses the incorporation of values and changing behaviors, have become increasingly distant. The relationship between SE and EE has been characterized as “distant, competitive, predatorprey and host-parasite” ( 2 ). We examine the potential for a convergence of EE and SE that might engage people in addressing fundamental socioecological challenges.

Growing numbers of scholars, practitioners, politicians, and citizens recognize the value of deliberative civic engagement processes that enable citizens and governments to come together in public spaces and engage in constructive dialogue, informed discussion, and decisive deliberation. This book seeks to fill a gap in empirical studies in deliberative democracy by studying the assembly of the Australian Citizens’ Parliament (ACP), which took place in Canberra on February 6–8, 2009. The ACP addressed the question “How can the Australian political system be strengthened to serve us better?” The ACP’s Canberra assembly is the first large-scale, face-to-face deliberative project to be completely audio-recorded and transcribed, enabling an unprecedented level of qualitative and quantitative assessment of participants’ actual spoken discourse. Each chapter reports on different research questions for different purposes to benefit different audiences. Combined, they exhibit how diverse modes of research focused on a single event can enhance both theoretical and practical knowledge about deliberative democracy.