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Public knowledge of emergency medicine in Beirut, Lebanon
Introduction
To examine the public’s level of knowledge and expectations of Emergency Medicine (EM) in Beirut, Lebanon
.
Methods
A nested cross-sectional study was conducted exploring participants’ knowledge and expectations of EM; the skillset, role and scope of practice of the emergency physician, and the dynamics of the Emergency Department (ED).
Results
A majority understand EM physicians perform minor procedures (83%), have specialized training (79%) and that they should be treated by a specialized EM physician (74%). However, they also believed they should visit the ED for faster service (81%) or whenever they cannot be seen by their doctor (71%); most also expected to see their personal doctors in the ED (88%). There were significant misconceptions that ED physician could be a general doctor (84%), a specialist (81%) or a family doctor (70%). Half believe patients have the right to order blood tests (46%) or X-rays (50%) and to be admitted to the hospital at their preference (51%). Most (90%) expected patients with a possibly life-threatening problem to be treated immediately, and 48% a wait of less than thirty minutes for a non-life threatening problem. Half (54%) expected test results returned within thirty minutes, and 62% expected to spend less than sixty minutes in the ED.
Conclusion
There is poor recognition of the role of the EM physician and the dynamics of the ED among the Lebanese population. Awareness campaigns targeted to improve understanding may help align expectations with the reality of the practice of EM.
Journal Article
The Voice Cultivation Process
The upward voicing of ideas is vital to organizational performance. Yet power differences between voicers and those with authority may result in valuable ideas being overlooked. In this ethnographic, 31-month longitudinal study of a multi-disciplinary team in the healthcare sector, we examine how upwardly voiced ideas can endure to reach implementation. Of 208 upwardly voiced ideas, most were rejected in the moment, but 49 reached implementation despite appearing to be initially rejected. These ideas were kept alive by other team members who later drew upon and revived the initial ideas through what we call the voice cultivation process. We detail this process and describe five pathways through which voiced ideas stayed alive to reach implementation by overcoming different forms of resistance. We illustrate how the allyship of others can help voice live on beyond its initial utterance to reach implementation and generate change, even when the person who initially spoke up is no longer on the team or advocating for the idea. By reconceptualizing voice as a collective, interactional process rather than a one-time dyadic event, this paper develops new theory on how employees can help one another’s voice be heard to positively impact their teams and organizations.
Journal Article
Public Water Policy Knowledge and Policy Preferences in the American West
The Western United States has made significant contributions to agricultural products both domestically and internationally. As the Western U.S. continues to grapple with water scarcity and extended periods of drought, evidence of misalignment between crop production and the volume of water necessary to maintain abundant food yields is becoming more pronounced. There are several policy nudges and mitigation strategies that can be employed to bring water availability and crop selection into alignment. Whether there is public support for these policies, or knowledge of how policies could impact water use in agriculture, it is important to understand what those preferences are and how people weigh tradeoffs between developing agricultural and water use. Using random household surveys of residents in the western U.S. states of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and California, this study explores public water knowledge, the correlates of public water knowledge, and the impact knowledge has on preferred water policies while controlling for demographic characteristics, environmental efficacy, climate change belief, and political ideology. Findings show that knowledge does have an independent impact on preferred approaches to water policies while controlling for demographic characteristics, environmental efficacy, belief in climate change, and political ideology. Respondents who are knowledgeable about water recycling for food and water use for agriculture were significantly more supportive of water conservation policy approaches and less supportive of water supply-side approaches.
Journal Article
Understanding the public knowledge and awareness of parkinson’s disease in Ireland: a cross-sectional survey
Background
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterised by motor and non-motor symptoms that significantly impact quality of life (QoL). Despite its growing prevalence, public awareness and understanding of PD remain limited, contributing to stigma and social isolation. This study evaluates public knowledge and perceptions of PD across Ireland to identify educational gaps and inform public health initiatives.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to April 2024, using a modified version of existing questionnaires on PD knowledge. The survey was distributed online via social media platforms and charity networks, targeting adults residing in Ireland. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were employed to analyse the data. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast (MHLS23_132).
Results
A total of 796 respondents completed the survey, predominantly female (83.4%) and aged 18–24 (31.7%). While 92.9% recognised PD as a neurological disorder, misconceptions about its classification persisted. Awareness of motor symptoms like tremor and bradykinesia was high, but non-motor symptoms such as chronic fatigue were less recognised. Only 42% were aware of available treatments, and 33.7% had encountered PD-related stigma. Social media emerged as the preferred platform for raising awareness, cited by 46.2% of participants.
Conclusion
The findings reveal critical knowledge gaps and stigma regarding PD, emphasising the need for targeted educational initiatives. Public health campaigns, particularly leveraging social media, are essential to enhance understanding, reduce misconceptions, and improve QoL for individuals with PD. By addressing awareness and encouraging a supportive environment, these initiatives can contribute to better public perception and management of PD.
Journal Article
Death of the public university? : uncertain futures for higher education in the knowledge economy
\"Universities have been subjected to continuous government reforms since the 1980s, to make them 'entrepreneurial', 'efficient' and aligned to the predicted needs and challenges of a global knowledge economy. Under increasing pressure to pursue 'excellence' and 'innovation', many universities are struggling to maintain their traditional mission to be inclusive, improve social mobility and equality and act as the 'critic and conscience' of society. Drawing on a multi-disciplinary research project, University Reform, Globalisation and Europeanisation (URGE), this collection analyses the new landscapes of public universities emerging across Europe and the Asia-Pacific, and the different ways that academics are engaging with them\" -- Provided by publisher.
Book
Public knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotic use across England – pre- and post-pandemic
Background
Antibiotic misuse is a major preventable driving factor for antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Most antibiotics are prescribed in primary care where demand for consultations for common self-limiting infections is greatest, meaning public knowledge may influence antibiotic prescribing. This study aims to explore how public knowledge of and attitudes towards antibiotics have changed over time.
Methods
Ipsos conducted interviews as part of routine surveys across England in 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2024. Random and quota sampling were used to ensure a representative sample. Questionnaire responses were weighted to ensure the results are broadly representative of the population. Pearson’s Chi-squared test was used to test for differences in proportions across levels of categorical variables and between responses across the four years.
Results
Responses were obtained from 2,022 (pre-pandemic); 1,676 (pandemic-Y1); 1,663 (pandemic-Y2) and 3,024 (post-pandemic) respondents.
The proportion of respondents who felt they had personal responsibility to tackle AMR increased from 57% pre-pandemic to 62% in pandemic-Y1 (
p
< 0.05), reducing to 46% post-pandemic. The proportion of respondents correctly answering the statement
antibiotics will always speed up my recovery from an infection
increased from 58% pre-pandemic to 65% in pandemic-Y1 and Y2 (
p
< 0.05), reducing to 56% post-pandemic. Knowledge regarding the use of antibiotics to treat ear, urine infections and COVID-19 was lowest post-pandemic.
Trust in healthcare professionals (HCPs) regarding whether antibiotics are needed peaked during (range: 77% to 91%) and declined post-pandemic (range: 72% to 86%). The proportion of respondents who reported they would be pleased if their GP did not prescribe antibiotics was highest pre-pandemic (84%), decreasing to 65% post-pandemic. The proportion of respondents who were likely to request antibiotics from their GP declined from pre-pandemic (21%) to pandemic-Y1 (19%) but increased post-pandemic (25%). Demographic variations were observed across nearly all questions.
Conclusions
This paper highlights some concerning trends. Knowledge regarding AMR and the specific infections that antibiotics can treat has reverted to pre-pandemic levels, while levels of uncertainty about AMR and antibiotic use have increased. Although high, trust in HCPs has declined. Therefore, future interventions may wish to support HCPs to build trust with their patients and consider how care pathways can promote this.
Journal Article