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We examined the pupicidal, adulticidal, repellent, and oviposition-deterrent activities of essential oils (EOs) from Lippia alba, L. origanoides, Eucalyptus citriodora, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Citrus sinensis, Cananga odorata, Swinglea glutinosa, and Tagetes lucida plants against Aedes aegypti under laboratory conditions. Pupicidal and adulticidal activities were assessed at exploratory concentrations of 250, 310, and 390 parts per million (ppm); and 30, 300, and 1,000 ppm, respectively. The greatest pupicidal activity was exhibited at 390 ppm with a 24-h exposure by L. origanoides, and 390 ppm with a 48-h exposure by Citrus sinensis. Lippia origanoides killed all adult mosquitoes at 300 ppm after 120 min of exposure. Only L. origanoides and E. citriodora EOs, applied at 1,000 ppm to human skin, produced the greatest repellency (100%) to host-seeking Ae. aegypti after 2 min of exposure; the repellency decreased between 12% and 10% after 15 min. Complete oviposition deterrence by gravid Ae. aegypti was observed for E. citriodora EOs at 200 ppm with an oviposition activity index of −1.00. These results confirm that the EOs assessed in this study have insecticidal, repellent, and oviposition-deterrent activities against the dengue vector, Ae. aegypti.

Background Mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus pose persistent global health threats, necessitating environmentally friendly vector control strategies. This study investigates the insecticidal potential of methanolic extracts of Pisonia alba leaves against Aedes aegypti larvae and pupae, highlighting their role in reducing reliance on conventional chemical pesticides. Methods Leaves of P. alba were extracted using methanol, followed by fractionation via column chromatography, which produced 80 fractions later combined into 13 groups based on thin-layer chromatography (TLC) profiles. Bioassays were conducted at concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 ppm, with Azadirachtin as the positive control and 1% aqueous DMSO as the negative control. The most active fractions were further analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and evaluated using molecular docking studies. Results Fractions VII and XIII exhibited the highest larvicidal and pupicidal activities. The LC 50 for fraction VII was 2.78 ppm (larvae), while for fraction XIII, it was 3.265 ppm (pupae). GC–MS analysis revealed the presence of several phytochemicals with potential bioactivity. Molecular docking confirmed the interaction of identified compounds with insect-specific molecular targets, supporting their potential as bioinsecticidal agents. Conclusion Pisonia alba leaf extracts demonstrate significant larvicidal and pupicidal activity against Aedes aegypti , with fractions VII and XIII showing the highest efficacy. Integration of bioassays, GC–MS profiling, and molecular docking provides a comprehensive framework for identifying promising plant-based compounds. These findings support further development of biopesticide formulations for sustainable mosquito control. This study provides foundational evidence for the development of P. alba -based bioinsecticides, highlighting their potential to reduce reliance on conventional chemical pesticides and contribute to eco-friendly vector management strategies.

The essential oil (EO) of Thymus serpyllum and thymol were evaluated for their insecticidal activity against the housefly ( Musca domestica ) larvae and pupae. Contact toxicity and fumigation bioassays were used. Chemical composition analysis of T . serpyllum EO by gas chromatographic mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed that thymol (41.6%), p-cymene (21.9%), and γ-terpinene (19.2%) were the major components. For larval assays, the LC 50 value of T . serpyllum EO was 0.4 μl/cm 2 for contact toxicity and 20.9 μl/l for fumigation toxicity. For thymol, the contact toxicity LC 50 value was 0.035 μl/cm 2 and the fumigation LC 50 value was 2.0 μl/l. For the pupal assay, T . serpyllum EO had a percentage inhibition rate (PIR) value of 100% for both contact toxicity (1.0 μl/cm 2 ) and fumigation toxicity assay (25 μl/l), whereas thymol had a PIR of 100% for contact toxicity (0.1 μl/cm 2 ) and fumigation assay (5 μl/l). This study shows that T . serpyllum EO and thymol are toxic to housefly larvae and pupae and have the potential for use in the population control of this species.

Background Mosquitoes are vectors for several diseases like dengue, chikingunea, malaria etc. The three important mosquito species in India are Aedes aegypti , Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles stephensi . Several plant extracts and phytoconstituents have been tested for antimosquito activity. In our present investigation, we have studied, the mosquito larvicidal, pupicidal and ovicidal activities of the successive n-hexane, chloroform and methanol extracts of leaves of Peltophorum pterocarpum (Fabaceae). Results The two mosquito species studied were Ae. agypti and Cx. quinquefasiatus . The larvicdial activity on both mosquitoes was in the order methanol > chloroform > n-hexne. The LC 50 values for these extracts were 111.77 and 158.93 ppm (methanol extract), 170.74 and 169.18 ppm (chloroform extract), 219.14 and 203.48 ppm (n-hexane) respectively for both mosquitoes. The pupicidal activity was in the order chloroform > methanol > n-hexne. The LC 50 values for these extracts were 226.01 and 204.041 ppm (chloroform extract), 235.40 and 239.50 ppm (methanol extract), 303.07 and 284.04 ppm (n-hexane,) respectively. The ovicidal activity of the extracts against both the mosquitoes studied was not appreciable. Conclusion The methanol extract revealed higher larvicidal activity, while the chloroform extract showed higher pupicidal activity for both the mosquitoes. Hence, the methanol and chloroform extracts of the leaves of the plant may be taken up for further studies. This is the first detailed report on the antimosquito activity of the successive extracts of the leaves of Peltophorum perocarpum against the two mosquito species Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus .