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Purpose: This research as determine the perception of MSME entrepreneurs in the city of Medan in the post-covid-19 era.   Design/methodology/approach: This type of research is field research by conducting interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) conducted on MSME entrepreneurs in Medan City who use QRIS and how their preferences and perceptions are, especially for culinary entrepreneurs.   Findings: The results of this study are the tendency of MSME entrepreneurs to prefer cashless transactions instead of QRIS because there are network constraints, lack of consistency in real time when transacting, administrative costs are imposed for MSME entrepreneurs so that they tend to cashless transactions other than QRIS so that MSME entrepreneurs do not prioritize the use of QRIS. Furthermore, from the perception of post-covid-19 era MSME entrepreneurs that purchasing power is low, however, the use of QRIS has not shown an increase in business income.   Research, Practical & Social implications: Demonstrate the use of QRIS services that can increase the business income of MSME Users.   Originality/value:  This research provides an affirmation in the thinking of the use of QRIS services that can be developed in a more comprehensive and in-depth research. On preferences and perceptions of MSME and their competencies, considering perception entrepreneurs that purchasing use QRIS.

The Indonesian government has now developed a QRIS EPayment for non-cash transaction between MSMEs and customers. MSMEs are the main channel for the success of the program through various transaction services provided to customers. This study aims to investigate the determine customers intention to adopt of QRIS e-Payment in Indonesia. Extended of UTAUT Theory will be used to investigate. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was use to analyze the data. Using the purposive sampling technique, this study collected 195 respondents. We found that There are two main variables driving the customer in adopting of QRIS e-payment, namely social influence and facilitating conditions. Meanwhile, the variable performance expectancy and effort expectancy have a positive but insignificant effect. This result implies that In order to increase customer intention to use the QRIS e-payment system by consumers in Indonesia, QRIS service providers need to form a favorable opinion in society by increasing social influence through collaborating with community leaders or important people in their community and facilitating services that facilitate community adopts QRIS. This will encourage customer intention to adopt of QRIS e-payment and accelerate the migration of cash transactions to non-cash transactions in Indonesia.

This study assessed the impact of structural characteristics on quality rating and improvement systems (QRIS) outcomes in an Australian national study. Data from the Australian Children's Education and Care Quality Authority (ACECQA) repository of National Quality Standard (NQS) ratings were used to identify long day care services that had improved from Working Towards NQS to Meeting or Exceeding NQS or had no change over two assessments. QRIS outcomes were examined for state/territory jurisdiction, urban-rural location, community socio-economic status, type and size of provider organisation, centre size and stability of centre owner/provider using multinomial logistic regression analyses. Controlling for jurisdiction, results showed that improvement to Meeting NQS was more likely for not-for-profit versus for-profit providers and for large multi-site provider organisations versus small, stand-alone providers. Improvement to Exceeding NQS was also associated with not-for-profit and larger provider organisations, as well as larger versus smaller centres, and centres that had stable ownership.

BackgroundChild care quality rating and improvement systems exist to inform child care decisions and improve the quality of care. While previous research has shown QRIS have effects on quality, less is known about how child care providers vary in engagement and improvement within QRIS. In a voluntary QRIS, it is important to understand how providers vary in motivation, engagement, and progress within the system.ObjectiveIdentify provider characteristics and attitudes that predict QRIS quality advancement. Identify and describe provider subgroups whose rates of quality improvement were different.MethodA random sample of providers (N = 179) and their coaches were interviewed five times over 2 years. The outcome was change in QRIS levels. Predictors were type of care, personal/professional characteristics, QRIS motivation, and coach perceptions of provider motivation and likelihood to advance. Linear regression was used to model change in QRIS level over five time points. Latent profile analysis was used to sort providers into classes.ResultsSignificant overall predictors of QRIS change were providers’ education level and fewer years of experience, and coach’s perception of the provider’s likelihood to advance. Four subgroups in the latent profile analysis varied by rate of advancement, type of care, education, experience, professional engagement, QRIS motivation, and general readiness to change.ConclusionsResults point to the importance of assessing early and continuing attitudes, engagement, professionalization, and education of participating child care providers. The incentives and needs of providers in most QRIS will vary widely. Technical support geared to provider characteristics will be more effective in improving within QRIS.

Through the G20 forum, Indonesia raised the issue of digital transformation and collaborated with four ASEAN countries. Indonesia is also taking advantage of ASEAN Digital Economy Framework Agreement (DEFA) formation by advocating the interoperability of digital payment systems in ASEAN. This research aims to find out what efforts Indonesia has undertaken to support the realization of ASEAN’s digital economy, focusing from the initial approval of the Local Currency Settlement (LCS) which was approved by Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Philippines in 2016 until Singapore’s joining the Local Currency Transaction (LTC) framework in 2022. The study used a qualitative research method. The data used is secondary data originating from journals, documents, books, and official websites that are able to support research. The findings reveal that Indonesia’s efforts in supporting ASEAN’s digital economy are carried out by advocating the realization of interoperability in the payment system conducted by Indonesia through cooperation in using QRIS digital payments through the Local Currency Transaction (LCT) framework.

The COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated several challenges, prompting the Indonesian government to enact rules aimed at minimizing direct contact to mitigate the spread of COVID-19, which has also affected transactional activities. Transactions conducted using a digital wallet represent a technological advancement that facilitates a cashless society lifestyle. Bank Indonesia established the Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) as a QR Code standard for digital payments using Electronic Money-Based (EU) servers, electronic wallets, or Mobile Banking. This study aims to identify the elements that affect consumer willingness to convert from cash payments to the QRIS during the COVID-19 epidemic. This study collected data through an online survey, distributing a 17-item questionnaire to QRIS users, yielding 568 valid responses. This research used a modified version of the Push-Pull-Mooring theory and an adaptation of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) model, concentrating on consumers’ intentions to transition from cash payments to QRIS utilization. This study employed the Hybrid SEM-ANN methodology with the SmartPLS and IBM SPSS Statistics 27 applications for data analysis. This investigation had 11 hypotheses, of which 4 were accepted. The findings indicated that alternative attractiveness, trust, critical mass, and traditional payment habits significantly influenced the intention to transition from cash payments to QRIS payments during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Despite substantial federal, state, and local investments in improving early care and education (ECE), we know little about whether ECE program quality has improved over time. The lack of data tracking the quality of publicly funded ECE programs at scale creates a substantial evidence gap for policymakers attempting to weigh the returns on, and future of, quality improvement policies. Data from Quality Rating and Improvement Systems (QRIS) provide a promising opportunity to address this problem. Using 4 years of data from a mandatory, statewide QRIS covering subsidized child care, Head Start, and state prekindergarten, we document systemwide quality and improvement trends over a period of targeted investment in quality improvement statewide. We find improvements in quality overall, across sectors and communities over this period. Results also reveal differential growth across sectors such that quality gaps diminished. This study highlights the potential of statewide ECE data for informing quality improvement efforts.

BackgroundState-level child care quality rating and improvement systems (QRIS) have been implemented in a majority of states in the U.S.A. One goal is to improve developmental outcomes for young children, especially from families with fewer resources. Research is needed to determine if QRIS can produce quality improvements that will support the development of children from birth to three years. ObjectiveExplore the association of toddlers’ growth trajectories over two years with their participation in varying quality-rated levels of child care.MethodsIn this two-year longitudinal study of 75 toddlers (M age = 15.5 months; SD = 2.36) children’s cognitive and social-emotional growth trajectories were estimated in three assessments, 12 months apart. All toddlers were low-income Child Care and Development Fund voucher recipients, cared for by child care providers within a Midwestern state’s voluntary QRIS. QRIS-rated child care quality, caregiver education level, and child–adult ratio were observed in parallel with individual cognitive and social-emotional child assessments. Growth analyses controlled for parent education, child race, ethnicity, disability status, and gender.ResultsToddlers who received care in settings rated highest by the QRIS and those with caregivers who had higher education levels progressed at significantly higher rates of development in early learning skills, compared with toddlers placed in QRIS-rated lower quality settings or with caregivers with less education.ConclusionsState-level QRIS have the potential to inform parents’ and policymakers’ decisions about child care quality associated developmental outcomes for children under three years of age. Especially important is the role of QRIS in incentivizing the educational preparation of toddler caregivers.

Objective: to examine the factors influencing Generation Z's interest in using mobile payments (QRIS), focusing on financial innovation, ease of use, and perceived financial risk.   Theoretical framework: grounded in the theory that financial innovation, ease of use, and perceived financial risk are key determinants of Generation Z's intention to use mobile payments (QRIS).   Method: participants for the study were chosen through a non-probability sampling technique, with the sample consisting of Generation Z individuals (born 1997-2010) residing in DKI Jakarta, and data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires to a random sample of 400 respondents, subsequently analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).   Results and conclusion: generation Z's interest in mobile payments (QRIS) is significantly influenced by the positive effects of financial innovation, ease of use, and perceived financial risk, underscoring the overall inclination toward utilizing financial services, with noteworthy implications for the adoption of cashless movements, particularly government initiatives like QRIS.   Implications of the research: the study offers valuable insights for crafting government programs focused on cashless movements, particularly QRIS, as the findings indicate that highlighting financial innovation and ease of use can significantly boost Generation Z's adoption of mobile payments.   Originality/value: the dataset provides original insights into factors shaping Generation Z's interest in mobile payments (QRIS), with its value residing in its potential to inform and guide the development of government initiatives targeting the promotion of cashless transactions among the younger population.

This chapter provides an overview of the common objectives and structural elements of quality rating and improvement systems (QRIS) including a brief history of this phenomenon in the United States. It also provides examples of how QRIS is being conducted in several states, summarizes research evidence about the impact and effectiveness of QRIS, and offers information about how QRIS might affect the wider early childhood field now and in the future. While there are variations in the goals, structures, and procedures of QRIS across the United States, all of the systems have two basic goals. They are to improve the general level of quality of out‐of‐home child care for young children, and to inform and assist parents in identifying and selecting quality care. More research is needed to identify key quality drivers within early childhood education (ECE) programs that produce the desired outcomes, not only for children, but also for teachers, families, and ECE systems.