Explore the vast range of titles available.

Background People with HIV (PWH) from racial and ethnic minority groups in the United States (US) face a high risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes and have low uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine primary series and booster doses. This study aims to provide insights into barriers and facilitators to vaccination and identify strategies to increase vaccine trust and uptake in these populations. Methods Between November and December 2022, we conducted qualitative interviews with 24 vaccinated and unvaccinated adult PWH who self-identified as Hispanic/Latinx, Black/African American, or Haitian, and were clients of the Miami-Dade County Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program in Florida, US. Data were analyzed using deductive thematic analysis. Results Main barriers to vaccine uptake reported by participants included low or no perception of COVID-19 risk, concerns about safety and efficacy related to HIV status, mistrust of COVID-19 vaccines, general vaccine hesitancy, negative experiences and advice against vaccination within social networks, lack of provider recommendation, and exposure to negative messaging and misinformation about vaccines. Facilitators included perceived risk, awareness of the vaccines’ protective benefits for HIV-immunocompromised individuals and reducing transmission, encouragement and role modeling within social networks, provider recommendation, and exposure to accurate information from reputable sources. Some recommended strategies to increase uptake and trust in vaccines included incorporating vaccination into routine HIV care, leveraging peers with HIV, tailoring vaccine information and messaging, and partnering with trusted individuals for outreach. Conclusion Vaccination efforts for PWH should prioritize addressing specific barriers and concerns related to their HIV status and tailoring strategies to meet their needs.

The relation between discrimination and higher depression by way of reductions in self-esteem has been documented among some racial and ethnic minority populations. Yet, the extent to which the results extend to general forms of discrimination as well as multiple second-generation immigrant ethnic groups remains underexamined. This article assessed the mediating role of self-esteem in the relation between general forms of perceived discrimination and depression symptoms among second-generation immigrant adolescents and assessed the extent to which the relations were invariant across ethnic sub-groups. Analyses were based on data from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study over two periods spanning adolescence ( N  = 4288; M age  = 14 and 17). The mediating role of self-esteem was tested via path analysis for the full sample, and multiple-group path analyses compared these results across White, Black, Asian, Hispanic, and other (multiracial) immigrants. Indirect effects were obtained via 5000 bootstrapped replications. In the full sample, the relation between discrimination and depression was mediated by self-esteem with approximately 30% of the total effect mediated. Said mediated relation was only confirmed among White and Asian sub-groups, with 27% and 49% of the total effects mediated, respectively. The results suggest that the process by which discrimination relates to mental health may vary between immigrant racial/ethnic sub-groups. In addition, the results highlight the value of considering broader categorizations of perceived discrimination beyond race or ethnicity to understand complexities associated with intersecting marginalized identities among this population.

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research suggests that racial and ethnic minority groups especially Black Americans showed stronger COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance, which may result from a lack of trust toward the government and vaccine manufacturers, among other sociodemographic and health factors. ObjectivesThe current study explored potential social and economic, clinical, and psychological factors that may have mediated racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake among US adults. MethodsA sample of 6078 US individuals was selected from a national longitudinal survey administered in 2020–2021. Baseline characteristics were collected in December 2020, and respondents were followed up to July 2021. Racial and ethnic disparities in time to vaccine initiation and completion (based on a 2-dose regimen) were first assessed with the Kaplan-Meier Curve and log-rank test, and then explored with the Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for potential time-varying mediators, such as education, income, marital status, chronic health conditions, trust in vaccine development and approval processes, and perceived risk of infection. ResultsPrior to mediator adjustment, Black and Hispanic Americans had slower vaccine initiation and completion than Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders and White Americans ( p’s < 0.0001). After accounting for the mediators, there were no significant differences in vaccine initiation or completion between each minoritized group as compared to White Americans. Education, household income, marital status, chronic health conditions, trust, and perceived infection risk were potential mediators. ConclusionRacial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake were mediated through social and economic conditions, psychological influences, and chronic health conditions. To address the racial and ethnic inequity in vaccination, it is important to target the social, economic, and psychological forces behind it.

Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is a methodological approach where community–academic teams build equitable relationships throughout the research process. In the domestic violence (DV) field, CBPR may be particularly important when conducting research with racial and ethnic minority DV survivors, as this group faces concurrent oppressions that inform their lived experiences. To our knowledge, no systematic review has synthesized articles using a CBPR approach to explore the needs and lived experiences of racial and ethnic minority DV survivors. Using PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of the literature, retrieving articles that used a CBPR approach to understand the needs and/or lived experiences of female racial and ethnic minority DV survivors residing in the United States. Articles were identified from peer-reviewed databases, bibliographies, and experts. Thirteen of the 185 articles assessed for eligibility were included. Articles focused on a variety of racial and ethnic minority groups, the majority identifying as African American or Latina. Collaboration occurred in multiple ways, primarily through equitable decision-making and building team members’ strengths. Several needs and lived experiences emerged including gender identity and patriarchal attitudes, racism and discrimination, the immigrant experience informing DV, poverty, shame and stigma, and the need for social support. This is the first systematic review of articles using a CBPR approach to explore the needs and lived experiences of racial and ethnic minority survivors. Implications include promoting community-based dissemination, conducting quantitative studies with larger sample sizes of DV survivors, and encouraging culturally specific services that address DV survivors’ intersectional needs.

Additionally, these drugs demonstrate a significant impact on the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), reducing the rate of progression to kidney failure by 24% [4]. Because of their multifaceted benefits and favourable safety profile, most recent diabetes management guidelines, including those from the EASD, recommend GLP-1 receptor agonists for certain patient populations. GLP-1 receptor agonists achieve weight loss by reducing appetite, slowing gastric emptying and increasing feelings of fullness, which can lead to a significant decrease in energy intake [11]. All these adverse outcomes may occur because of insufficient energy production resulting from an inadequate intake of macro/micronutrients that are essential for cellular metabolism. [...]drastic weight loss induced by GLP-1 receptor agonists may disrupt the metabolic balance in the body. Disparities in type 2 diabetes prevalence among ethnic minority groups resident in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: We assess whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) varies in prevalence, diagnostic criteria endorsement, and type and frequency of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) among a nationally representative US sample of 5071 non-Latino whites, 3264 Latinos, 2178 Asians, 4249 African Americans, and 1476 Afro-Caribbeans. Methods: PTSD and other psychiatric disorders were evaluated using the World Mental Health-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI) in a national household sample that oversampled ethnic/racial minorities (n = 16,238) but was weighted to produce results representative of the general population. Results: Asians have lower prevalence rates of probable lifetime PTSD, whereas African Americans have higher rates as compared with non-Latino whites, even after adjusting for type and number of exposures to traumatic events, and for sociodemographic, clinical, and social support factors. Afro-Caribbeans and Latinos seem to demonstrate similar risk to non-Latino whites, adjusting for these same covariates. Higher rates of probable PTSD exhibited by African Americans and lower rates for Asians, as compared with non-Latino whites, do not appear related to differential symptom endorsement, differences in risk or protective factors, or differences in types and frequencies of PTEs across groups. Conclusions: There appears to be marked differences in conditional risk of probable PTSD across ethnic/racial groups. Questions remain about what explains risk of probable PTSD. Several factors that might account for these differences are discussed, as well as the clinical implications of our findings. Uncertainty of the PTSD diagnostic assessment for Latinos and Asians requires further evaluation.

Urban decentralisation in the USA during the past five decades has created an automobile-dependent landscape characterised by low-densities, largely single-use zoning and disconnected street networks. Longer distances between dispersing destinations, resulting from urban decentralisation, negatively affects the mobility of socially disadvantaged groups, including women, minorities and lower-income populations. Furthermore, the urban poor and minorities in communities experiencing severe disinvestment and decline, as evident in Detroit, suffer from greater transportation burdens in accessing basic necessities, such as employment and shopping. This study explores gendered travel patterns in six neighbourhoods within the Detroit region, including neighbourhoods experiencing severe disinvestment and decline. This analysis into the gendered dimensions of travel, with a particular focus placed on women, involves a full array of trips, including work and non-work. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis and ANCOVA (Analysis of Covariance) were used to further examine gender differences by childcare responsibility in an extensive array of disaggregated travel, including trips to work, shopping and personal services, restaurant visits and leisure destinations. This study reconfirms that the traditional gender role is reflected in women’s daily travel. It also reveals the burdens of travel placed on women living in racially segregated and socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods experiencing extreme disinvestment and decline. In addition, the research shows the importance of class and race in shaping travel behaviour. 过去五十年来，美国的城市去中心化造成了一种依赖汽车的格局，其特征是低密度、很大程度上单一用途的分区和相互不连通的街道网络。城市去中心化导致的各个分散化的目的地之间交通距离更长，对包括妇女、少数族群和低收入人群在内的社会弱势群体的流动产生了消极影响。此外，在底特律这样经历严重的负投资和衰落过程的城市，城市贫困人口和少数族群在获取工作机会和购物等基本必需品方面遭遇了更大的交通压力。本研究考察了底特律地区六个居住区不同性别人群的出行模式，包括经历严重负投资和衰落的居住区。对出行的性别化维度的分析，尤其是对女性出行模式的分析，涉及全面的出行需求，包括工作出行和非工作出行。我们运用 OLS（普通最小平方）回归分析和 ANCOVA（共变分析）来进一步考察在一系列分散型出行中不同性别在儿童照料责任方面的差异，包括工作出行、购物和个人服务出行、餐馆和休闲目的地出行。本研究印证了传统的性别分工反映在妇女的日常出行中。它也揭示，在经历了严重负投资和衰落的街区，生活在种族区隔、社会经济弱势状况下的妇女遭受出行压力。此外，本研究表明了阶层和种族在塑造出行行为方面的重要性。

Purpose of Review Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are leading causes of death and disproportionally impact historically marginalized racial/ethnic groups in the United States. The American Heart Association developed the Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) to promote optimal cardiovascular health (CVH) through eight health behaviors and health factors. The purpose of this review is to summarize contemporary community-engaged research (CER) studies incorporating the LE8 framework among racial/ethnic groups. Review of Findings Limited studies focused on the interface of CER and LE8. Based on synthesis of articles in this review, the application of CER to individual/collective LE8 metrics may improve CVH and reduce CMDs at the population level. Effective strategies include integration of technology, group activities, cultural/faith-based practices, social support, and structural/environmental changes. Summary CER studies addressing LE8 factors in racial/ethnic groups play an essential role in improving CVH. Future studies should focus on broader scalability and health policy interventions to advance health equity.

Despite excitement around artificial intelligence (AI)–based tools in health care, there is work to be done before they can be equitably deployed. The absence of diverse patient voices in discussions on AI is a pressing matter, and current studies have been limited in diversity. Our study inquired about the perspectives of racial and ethnic minority patients on the use of their health data in AI, by conducting a cross-sectional survey among 230 participants who were at least 18 years of age and identified as Black, Latinx, Indigenous, or Asian. While familiarity with AI was high, a smaller proportion of participants understood how AI can be used in health care (152/199, 76.4%), and an even smaller proportion understood how AI can be applied to dermatology (133/199, 66.8%). Overall, 69.8% (139/199) of participants agreed that they trusted the health care system to treat their medical information with respect; however, this varied significantly by income (P=.045). Only 64.3% (128/199) of participants felt comfortable with their medical data being used to build AI tools, and 83.4% (166/199) believed they should be compensated if their data are used to develop AI. To our knowledge, this is the first study focused on understanding opinions about health data use for AI among racial and ethnic minority individuals, as similar studies have had limited diversity. It is important to capture the opinions of diverse groups because the inclusion of their data is essential for building equitable AI tools; however, historical harms have made inclusion challenging.

BackgroundAdherence to oral endocrine therapy (OET) is crucial in ensuring its maximum benefit in the prevention and treatment of hormone receptor-positive (HR +) breast cancer (BC). Medication use behavior is suboptimal especially in racial/ethnic minorities with lower socioeconomic status (SES).AimWe aimed to assess the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on OET adherence and identify demographic and/or clinical characteristics associated with nonadherence in racial/ethnic minorities with lower SES.MethodA retrospective study was conducted at the Harris Health System in Houston, Texas. Data were collected during the 6 months before and 6 months after the start of the pandemic. The adherence was assessed using the prescription refill data using the proportion of days covered. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify demographic/clinical characteristics associated with nonadherence. Eighteen years or older patients on appropriate doses of OET for prevention or treatment of BC were included.ResultsIn 258 patients, adherence was significantly lower during the pandemic (44%) compared to before the pandemic (57%). The demographic/clinical characteristics associated with OET nonadherence before the pandemic were Black/African American, obesity/extreme obesity, prevention setting, tamoxifen therapy, and 4 or more years on OET. During the pandemic, prevention setting and those not using home delivery were more likely to be nonadherent.ConclusionOET adherence was significantly reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic in racial/ethnic minority patients with low SES. Patient-centered interventions are necessary to improve OET adherence in these patients.