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PurposeResearch on social media advertising reactance (SMAR) is in the early stages. This paper intends to present a full picture of SMAR studies, introduce a comprehensive theoretical model (the social media advertising reactance model, SMARM) and provide insights into research and practice.Design/methodology/approachThis review adopts the concept-driven systematic review approach, identifying 92 articles from four primary academic databases – EBSCO, Elsevier, Web of Science and Google Scholar.FindingsFirst, this review offers overviews of five topics: publication trends, the journals publishing research, research methodology, targeted platform and the main theories. Second, based on the framework of psychological reactance, this study proposes the SMARM, identifying and elaborating on four components of the nomological relationship to SMAR: related concepts, antecedents, moderators and consequences.Practical implicationsThis research has implications for advertisers, social media platform operators and policymakers by providing a whole picture of SMAR. Moreover, the SMARM could guide the stakeholders to adopt a user-friendly advertising design for the sustainable development of social media advertising (SMA).Originality/valueBy presenting an up-to-date review of SMAR-related research, this paper contributes to the literature of social media, advertising and marketing. Through a comparison with traditional advertising, this paper makes the characteristics of SMA clear. Meanwhile, the SMARM is developed to systematically elaborate on all related elements of SMAR and explain their underlying causal relationships. Future research directions are proposed.

Purpose Knowledge hiding as an important topic in knowledge management field might be triggered by abusive supervision, but few studies discussed how to alleviate the effect of abusive supervision on knowledge hiding. Drawing on both reactance theory and conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study aims to build a moderated mediation framework to examine effects of abusive supervision on knowledge hiding via job insecurity and under moderation of motivational climate (including mastery climate and performance climate). Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a two-wave survey study among 155 knowledge workers from educational and manufacturing industries. Findings Results show that abusive supervision is not significantly related to knowledge hiding directly but indirectly via job insecurity. Abusive supervision’s interaction with mastery climate is negatively related to knowledge hiding, but its interaction with performance climate is positively related to knowledge hiding. The indirect relation of abusive supervision to knowledge hiding via job insecurity is significantly moderated by mastery climate but not by performance climate. Research limitations/implications Despite contributions, this study also has some limitations. Variables rated from the same source (i.e. employees) may have common method bias although the two-wave design does help alleviate this concern. Practical implications The paper highlights important reasons why people hide knowledge at work (because of abusive supervision and job insecurity) and identifies a boundary condition (mastery climate) which will reduce abusive supervision’s influence on knowledge hiding. Originality/value This paper contributes to knowledge hiding literature which is an important part of knowledge management from the perspective of abusive supervision based on both reactance theory and COR theory.

Restricting individuals' access to some opportunities may steer their desire toward their substitutes, a phenomenon known as the forbidden fruit effect. We axiomatize a choice model named restriction-sensitive choice (RSC), which rationalizes the forbidden fruit effect and is compatible with the prominent psychological explanations: reactance theory and commodity theory. The model is identifiable from choice data, specifically from the observation of choice reversals caused by the removal of options. We conduct a normative analysis both in terms of the agent's freedom and welfare. We apply our model to shed light on two phenomena: the backfire effect of beliefs and the backlash of integration policies targeted towards minorities.

Long-term safe and stable grounding system is the fundamental guarantee to maintain the stable operation of equipment and ensure the safety of staff. This paper investigates the high-frequency characteristics of several common grounding materials. Due to the skin effect, the axial impedance modulus, resistance part and reactance part of the conductor are all increase as the frequency. The results could provide reference and guidance for designing long-term reliable and stable grounding systems.

AI-based recommendation algorithms have received extensive attention from both academia and industry due to their rapid development and broad application. However, not much is known regarding the dark side, especially users’ negative responses. From the perspective of recommendation features and information characteristics, this study aims to uncover users’ negative responses to such AI-based recommendation algorithms in the algorithm-driven context of short-video platforms. Drawing on the stressor-strain-outcome (SSO) framework, this study identifies information-related stressors and examines their influence on users’ negative responses to a recommendation algorithm. The results show that such algorithms’ greedy recommendation feature induces information narrowing, information redundancy, and information overload. These information factors predict users’ exhaustion, which in turn promotes users’ psychological reactance and discontinuance intention. This study adds knowledge on the dark side of recommendation algorithms.

A recommendation system serves as a key factor for improving e-commerce users’ satisfaction by providing them with more accurate and diverse suggestions. A significant body of research has examined the accuracy and diversity of a variety of recommendation systems. However, little is known about the psychological mechanisms through which the recommendation system influences the user satisfaction. Thus, the purpose of this study is to contribute to this gap by examining the mediating and moderating processes underlying this relationship. Drawing from the traditional task-technology fit literature, the study developed a moderated mediation model, simultaneously considering the roles of a user’s feeling state and shopping goal. We adopted a scenario-based experimental approach to test three hypotheses contained in the model. The results showed that there is an interaction effect between shopping goals and types of recommendation (diversity and accuracy) on user satisfaction. Specifically, when a user’s shopping goal aligns with recommendation results in terms of accuracy and diversity, the user satisfaction is enhanced. Furthermore, this study evaluated the mediating role of feeling right and psychological reactance for a better understanding of this interactive relationship. We tested the moderated mediation effect of feeling right and the psychological reactance moderated by the user shopping goal. For goal-directed users, accurate recommendations trigger the activation of feeling right, consequently increasing the user satisfaction. Conversely, when exploratory users face accurate recommendations, they activate psychological reactance, which leads to a reduction in user satisfaction. Finally, we discuss the implications for the study of recommendation systems, and for how marketers/online retailers can implement them to improve online customers’ shopping experience.

Reactance is a critical concept for understanding adolescents’ noncompliance and resistance to behavioral change. Traditionally, reactance has been conceptualized as a state comprising negative emotions and cognitions. However, research indicates that one’s proneness to reactance can be considered a personality trait. The present study aimed to develop a current understanding of individual differences in trait reactance from a biopsychosocial perspective. Adolescents (n = 1837) completed Cloninger’s Junior Temperament and Character Inventory and two validated measures of trait reactance. A person-centered analytical approach was used to assess how clusters of adolescents with distinct temperament profiles, character profiles (Latent Profile Analysis), and integrated temperament-character personality networks (Latent Class Analysis) differed in reactance. High reactance was characteristic of adolescents with temperament profiles involving high novelty seeking and low harm avoidance. High behavioral reactance was characteristic of adolescents with immature character profiles. Finally, high reactance was characteristic of adolescents with integrated personality networks reflecting emotional instability, immature intentionality, and low self-awareness.. This study expands current knowledge by showing how individual differences in trait reactance correspond to structural differences in personality. Specifically, our findings indicate that high trait reactance in adolescents is an expression of maladaptive organizations of biopsychosocial processes. This more nuanced understanding of trait reactance can aid the development of contexts (e.g. clinical, educational, society, communication) for promoting positive outcomes in adolescents will all types of personality.

The estimation of armature reaction is of great importance in the design and operation of synchronous machines. This paper proposes a new method to reduce quadrature armature reaction in salient-pole synchronous generators. The proposed method is to reduce the quadrature axis synchronous reactance of a salient-pole synchronous generator by novel flux barrier to the rotor poles. Finite element analysis by Maxwell software was used to evaluate the nonlinearity of the synchronous reactances and to obtain the result that the quadrature axis synchronous reactance decreases when the flux barrier is introduced into the rotor pole of a salient-pole synchronous generator. As part of the study, a new flux barrier was introduced and experimented on the rotor pole of a 50 kW, 4-pole salient-pole synchronous generator without damper winding used for diesel generator.

In a pumped storage power station, equalization currents between the stator windings in phase are greater than the expected calculated value. Several 3D and 2D finite element calculations have been performed in this paper to evaluate the additional leakage reactance of the end winding for the different parallel paths. The calculation shows that the distribution of windings in the power plant leads to different leakage reactance values in the stator slots between parallel branches, resulting in a balanced current. The occurring equalization currents do not represent an issue for machine safety as they are not connected to machine asymmetries and do not lead to additional machine vibrations.

•Personalization depth and breadth define a retargeting banner's ad personalization.•Trust in the retailer moderates the impact of ad personalization on consumers.•For more trusted retailers, high-depth/narrow-breadth banners increase usefulness.•For less trusted firms, high-depth ads always elicit reactance and privacy concerns.•Reactance and privacy concerns are distinct negative responses to personalized ads. With the amount of online advertising on a steady rise, generic ads noticeably lose effectiveness. In order to break through the clutter, retailers employ a method called retargeting to tailor their advertisements to individual consumers based on inferred interests and preferences. However, while personalization should generally make ads more appealing, the authors use field data to show that the effectiveness of retargeting considerably hinges on consumers’ trust in a respective retailer. To uncover the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon, they investigate how trust moderates the impact of ad personalization on consumers’ internal and external responses in the lab. They propose a two-dimensional conceptualization of ad personalization: First, a banner's personalization depth defines how closely the ad reflects a consumer's interests. Second, its personalization breadth determines how completely the banner reflects these interests. The lab results show that more trusted retailers can increase the perceived usefulness of their ads through a combination of high depth and narrow breadth of personalization without eliciting increased reactance or privacy concerns. On the other hand, for less trusted retailers, banners with higher depth are not perceived more useful, but instead trigger increased reactance and privacy concerns, regardless of their personalization breadth. These effects directly translate into consumers’ click-through intentions so that retailers should adjust their personalization strategies accordingly in order to increase the effectiveness of their online advertising.