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Pyrazoles are five-membered heterocyclic compounds that contain nitrogen. They are an important class of compounds for drug development; thus, they have attracted much attention. In the meantime, pyrazole derivatives have been synthesized as target structures and have demonstrated numerous biological activities such as antituberculosis, antimicrobial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory. This review summarizes the results of published research on pyrazole derivatives synthesis and biological activities. The published research works on pyrazole derivatives synthesis and biological activities between January 2018 and December 2021 were retrieved from the Scopus database and reviewed accordingly.

The world’s water supplies have been contaminated due to large effluents containing toxic pollutants such as dyes, heavy metals, surfactants, personal care products, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals from agricultural, industrial, and municipal resources into water streams. Water contamination and its treatment have emerged out as an escalating challenge globally. Extraordinary efforts have been made to overcome the challenges of wastewater treatment in recent years. Various techniques such as chemical methods like Fenton oxidation and electrochemical oxidation, physical procedures like adsorption and membrane filtration, and several biological techniques have been recognized for the treatment of wastewater. This review communicates insights into recent research developments in different treatment techniques and their applications to eradicate various water contaminants. Research gaps have also been identified regarding multiple strategies for understanding key aspects that are important to pilot-scale or large-scale systems. Based on this review, it can be determined that adsorption is a simple, sustainable, cost-effective, and environmental-friendly technique for wastewater treatment, among all other existing technologies. However, there is a need for further research and development, optimization, and practical implementation of the integrated process for a wide range of applications. Graphical abstract

Even though ocean waves around the world are known to contain high and dense amounts of energy, wave energy harvesters are still not as mature as other forms of renewable energy harvesting devices, especially when it comes to commercialization, mass production, and grid integration, but with the recent studies and optimizations, the point absorber wave energy harvester might be a potential candidate to stand out as the best solution to harvest energy from highly energetic locations around the world’s oceans. This paper presents an extensive literature review on point absorber wave energy harvesters and covers their recent theoretical and experimental development. The paper focuses on three main parts: One-body point absorbers, two-body point absorbers, and power take-offs. This review showcases the high amount of work being done to push point absorbers towards technological maturity to eventually kick off commercialization and mass production. It should also provide a good background on the recent status of point absorber development for researchers in the field.

In recent years, rapid development in the industrial sector has offered console to the people but at the same time, generates numerous amounts of effluent composed of toxic elements like nitrogen, phosphorus, hydrocarbons, and heavy metals that influences the environment and mankind hazardously. While the technological advancements are made in industrial effluent treatment, there arising stretch in the techniques directing on hybrid system that are effective in resource recovery from effluent in an economical, less time consuming and viable manner. The key objective of this article is to study, propose and deliberate the process and products obtained from different industries and the quantity of effluents produced, and the most advanced and ultra-modern theoretical and scientific improvements in treatment methods to remove those dissolved matter and toxic substances and also the challenges and perspectives in these developments. The findings of this review appraise new eco-friendly technologies, provide intuition into the efficiency in contaminants removal and aids in interpreting degradation mechanism of toxic elements by various treatment assemblages.

The chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy is a newly developed adoptive antitumor treatment. Theoretically, CAR-T cells can specifically localize and eliminate tumor cells by interacting with the tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) expressing on tumor cell surface. Current studies demonstrated that various TAAs could act as target antigens for CAR-T cells, for instance, the type III variant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRvIII) was considered as an ideal target for its aberrant expression on the cell surface of several tumor types. CAR-T cell therapy has achieved gratifying breakthrough in hematological malignancies and promising outcome in solid tumor as showed in various clinical trials. The third generation of CAR-T demonstrates increased antitumor cytotoxicity and persistence through modification of CAR structure. In this review, we summarized the preclinical and clinical progress of CAR-T cells targeting EGFR, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and mesothelin (MSLN), as well as the challenges for CAR-T cell therapy.

Nowadays, the presence of microplastics in drinking water is of concern worldwide due to potential impacts on human health. This paper has examined the presence of microplastics along the Llobregat river basin (Catalonia, Spain) and studied their behaviour and elimination along the drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). Due to different water composition, different sampling and sample preparation protocols were used to determine microplastics from river water and in the DWTP. Identification of microplastics of size range from 20 μm to 5 mm was performed by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Microplastics were detected in 5 out of 7 points along the Llobregat basin, with concentrations ranging between non-detected and 3.60 microplastics/L. In the intake of the DWTP, the mean concentration was 0.96 ± 0.46 microplastics/L ( n =5), with a predominance of polyester (PES) and polypropylene (PP) and at the outlet the mean concentration was of 0.06 ± 0.04 microplastics/L with an overall removal efficiency of 93 ± 5%. Sand filtration was identified as the key stage in microplastic removal (78 ± 9%). Furthermore, the results showed that ultrafiltration/reverse osmosis (advanced treatment) is more effective for microplastic removal than ozonation/carbon filtration stage (upgraded conventional treatment). In addition, a preliminary migration test of the different materials used in the DWTP has been performed to identify potential sources of microplastics in each treatment step.

The extensive release of heavy metals into the natural water bodies has become globally prevalent from past few decades. Heavy metal toxicity is becoming a serious threat to human and the environment. Due to their prolonged half-life, potential accumulation in different parts of body, and non-biodegradability, metal ions are being obvious entities that can cause several hazardous health risks. A number of methods have been developed for the detection of heavy/toxic metals based on sensors. Among the various new technologies, chemical and optical nano sensors are emerging technology to detect toxic heavy metals. Several nano sensors have been developed using nano materials, synthesized from green or chemical methods. The nano sensors are convenient to prepare and provide enhanced limit of detection, limit of quantification, and onsite detection. This review covers the recent work reported from 2013 to 2019 for the detection of heavy metals using sensors based on nano materials synthesized by different routes. Graphical abstract

We aim to understand the dynamics of crypto asset prices and, specifically, how price information is transmitted among different bitcoin market exchanges, and between bitcoin markets and traditional ones. To this aim, we hierarchically cluster bitcoin prices from different exchanges, as well as classic assets, by enriching the correlation based minimum spanning tree method with a preliminary filtering method based on the random matrix approach. Our main empirical findings are that: (i) bitcoin exchange prices are positively related with each other and, among them, the largest exchanges, such as Bitstamp, drive the prices; (ii) bitcoin exchange prices are not affected by classic asset prices, but their volatilities are, with a negative and lagged effect.

Currently, conventional therapies for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have high failure and relapse rates. Thus, developing new strategies is crucial for improving the treatment of AML. With the clinical success of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies against B-lineage malignancies, many studies have attempted to translate the success of CAR T cell therapy to other malignancies, including AML. This review summarizes the current advances in CAR T cell therapy against AML, including preclinical studies and clinical trials, and discusses the potential AML-associated surface markers that could be used for further CAR technology. Finally, we describe strategies that might address the current issues of employing CAR T cell therapy in AML.