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Amidst the vast landscapes of Saudi Arabia lies a rich tapestry of recreational pursuits, with hunting and camping at its core. However, a comprehensive understanding of the motivations and challenges associated with these traditional activities remains scant. The primary objective of this study was to explore the driving factors behind individuals' engagement in hunting and camping as recreational pursuits and to identify the challenges they encounter. Adopting a qualitative research design, 43 male participants, aged 20 to more than 50, were purposively selected and interviewed using a semi-structured format. The instrument encompassed two main sections: demographic details and four key interview questions. Thematic analysis was employed to interpret the data. Findings from this study illuminated a diverse array of motivations driving individuals towards hunting and camping activities in Saudi Arabia. These motivations span from cultural heritage, an escape from urbanization, adventure, and social bonding, to government promotions and spiritual connections. Conversely, participants face multifaceted challenges, including environmental unpredictability, bureaucratic complexities, technological intrusions, mental challenges, safety concerns, and financial constraints. Delving into these intricate dynamics, the study offers an enriched understanding of recreational motivations and their challenges in the Saudi context, bridging a notable academic gap and paving the way for future research and informed policy-making.

Challenge, adventure, and risky play have repeatedly been found to be learning environments that positively shape childhood well-being and development. Extant evidence-based research conveys the physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional growth associated with risky play provision. However, understanding the interplay of risky play, injury, and safety is more nuanced and complex. The goal of this paper is to introduce a tool which allows educators, parents, health practitioners, urban planners, playground designers, certifiers, manufacturers, and inspectors to estimate both the benefit and risk of outdoor play and learning settings, such as playgrounds, adventure parks, or risk-taking activities. One of the key challenges associated with societal risk appetite or risk tolerance has been the inability to quantify the inherent benefits of risk taking in playgrounds and educational settings. Historically, the assessment of ‘benefit–risk’ has been dominated by a zero tolerance of incidents, whether in the workplace or road safety settings. Against this backdrop, if playgrounds and outdoor learning settings are boring, children will go elsewhere to seek thrills and adventure, which may often be manifested in antisocial behaviour. In 2023, ‘benefit–risk’ was formally recognised in the area of sport and recreation by the International Organisation for Standardisation, when it published the ISO 4980:2023 benefit–risk assessment for sport and recreational facilities, activities, and equipment. ISO 4980:2023 is a departure from the traditional view of risk management, in that it presents a perspective of risk which is not limited to framing risk as negative, but rather balances the calculation of positive benefits as well as the risks associated with the activity. Correspondingly, hazardous situations which have zero benefit should be eliminated or mitigated. The tool introduced in this paper offers playground inspectors and educators the ability to measure and assess both the benefit and risk of outdoor playgrounds and educational settings where children play, learn, and flourish.

Background Built environment attributes can facilitate or represent barriers to active commuting to and from school (ACS). Even though parental perceptions of the built environment and their influence on ACS in children have been extensively studied, there is very limited evidence as to whether these perceptions can vary based on the sex of children. Hence, the present study aimed to analyse the relationships between parental neighbourhood perceptions and ACS, differentiating between boys and girls. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Valencia, Spain. The sample comprised 808 children and one of their parents. Parent-perceived neighbourhood environment, ACS, and socio-demographic data were self-reported through a questionnaire using validated scales. Self-organising map (SOM) analysis was used to describe the interrelationships between parental perceptions and child profiles. These analyses were carried out separately in boys and girls. Results Parents of daughters perceived their neighbourhoods as less safe from crime compared to parents of sons. The number of ACS trips was similar between boys and girls. The clustering of the SOM outcomes resulted in seven clusters, both in boys and girls. However, cluster membership had significant effects on ACS in boys, but not in girls. Globally, in the group of boys, the highest ACS levels were positively correlated with the most supportive built environments in terms of residential density, land use mix, recreational facilities, accessibility and walking facilities, traffic safety, pedestrian infrastructure, safety from crime, and aesthetics. However, some of these factors had low scores in clusters with high ACS levels (e.g., low levels of accessibility and walking facilities, and land use mix). Conclusions These findings support the idea that ACS behaviour depends on the interaction of diverse built environment factors. Our results also suggest that parental perceptions had different effects according to the sex of the child, with ACS in boys being more influenced by these perceptions. In the case of girls, it is possible that ACS interventions should emphasise generating child-friendly social environments in addition to strategies to improve the built environment. Future interventions to encourage ACS should consider these sex-specific differences and address parental concerns through improved infrastructure and safety measures.

Urban greenspaces (UGS) provide a range of ecosystem services and are instrumental in ensuring the liveability of cities. Whilst incorporating UGS in increasingly denser cities is a challenge to planners, brownfields form a latent resource with the potential of being converted into UGS. Transformation of brownfields to greenspaces, however, requires engagement of a variety of stakeholders, from providers to users. The overall aim of this study was to support effective and realistic realisations of UGS in the context of urban brownfields’ regeneration and stakeholder engagement. A working process was developed to: 1) integrate methods relevant for UGS realisation for a) identification and categorising of relevant stakeholders, b) mapping their interests and resources, c) identifying various challenges, and d) matching those challenges with the mapped resources over the timeline of UGS development; and 2) apply these methods to assess relevance and shortcomings. The methods were applied to a study site in Sweden, and data was collected using a questionnaire survey. The survey received 31 responses and the respondents’ comments indicated that the combination of several uses, especially integrated with an urban park, is preferable. Visualisation was an important component for data analysis: stakeholder categorisation was effectively visualised using a Venn diagram, and the needed mobilisation of resources among stakeholders to manage identified challenges was visualised using a timeline. The analysis demonstrates the need for collaboration between stakeholders to achieve an effective realisation of UGS and how multiple methods can be used in concert to map stakeholders, preferences, challenges, and resources for a particular site. The application at a study site provided site-specific data but the developed stakeholder categorisation, and the method for matching identified challenges with the stakeholders’ resources using a timeline, can be generalised to applications at other sites.

Rapid technology advancements, especially in the past decade, have allowed off-the-shelf unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that weigh less than 250 g to become available for recreational use by the general population. Many well-known manufacturers (e.g., DJI) are now focusing on this segment of UAVs, and the new DJI Mini 2 drone is one of many that falls under this category, which enables easy access to be purchased and used without any Part 107 certification and Remote ID registration. The versatility of drones and drone models is appealing for customers, but they pose many challenges to forensic tools and digital forensics investigators due to numerous hardware and software variations. In addition, different devices can be associated and used for controlling these drones (e.g., Android and iOS smartphones). Moreover, according to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the adoption of Remote ID is not going to be required for people without the 107 certifications for this segment at least until 2023, which creates finding personally identifiable information a necessity in these types of investigations. In this research, we conducted a comprehensive investigation of DJI Mini 2 and its data stored across multiple devices (e.g., SD cards and mobile devices) that are associated with the drone. The aim of this paper is to (1) create several criminal-like scenarios, (2) acquire and analyze the created scenarios using leading forensics software (e.g., Cellebrite and Magnet Axiom) that are commonly used by law enforcement agencies, (3) and present findings associated with potential criminal activities.

In rural areas, depopulation is mainly due to a lack of economic and employment opportunities. In this context, the reservoirs already built can be a source of socioeconomic development based on tourism and outdoor leisure activities. The condition for this development to materialize is that reservoir management considers these activities. In Central Spain, a process of rural depopulation has been generated in the municipalities around the reservoirs at the Upper Tagus River, as water management allows water transfers from the Tagus to the Segura River without taking into account regulations that prioritize and protect donor basin users. Through the comparison of reservoir water management and demographic data of two rural areas close to the reservoirs, this article reveals the direct relationship between reservoir management that enables recreational uses with its consequent socioeconomic development and the maintenance of the population in the territory. Consequently, reservoir water management based on the socioeconomic development of reservoir banks is necessary and a priority over transfers to another basin.

Pakistan is a country with rich natural and human resources. The role of highly skilled people in national development has become enormously vital in the new developmental period, but it is also an irrefutable fact that the gap in highly skilled personnel in Pakistan is expanding. The organization of Technical Vocational Education and Training was introduced to prepare a skilled workforce for various industries and sectors in Pakistan; however, the 60% level of young, unskilled, and semi-skilled labor emerging from informal and non-formal sectors is largely attributed to the failure of Technical Vocational Education and Training to supply the country with its requirements for trained manpower for the economy and China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) projects. China and Pakistan launched historic projects such as CPEC as part of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which fostered economic cooperation and development between the two countries. This article will go through the overview and the course of Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Pakistan. The major purpose of this study is to highlight that TVET in general, and CPEC in particular, are suffering from a lack of qualified personnel because of a variety of other reasons, such as outdated equipment, a lack of industry connectivity, inadequate skills, unemployment, and so on. The study is descriptive and exploratory in nature, and it employs a qualitative research method. The perspectives of the TVET challenges in Pakistan were researched using the data obtained from 500 student and staff respondents, including teachers, TVET workers, and TVET job holders. Some of the important findings include the fact that the current state of the TVET institutions is no doubt due to infrastructural issues and a lack of funding. In addition, TVET in Pakistan is marked by inadequate skills, a lack of industry connectivity, unemployment, insufficient teacher training, and a lack of female participation. In this study, recommendations were given based on the research analysis and research findings.

Recreational public parks in Kuala Lumpur are provided to support leisure activities of city residents. The leisure activities include voluntary, recreation and social activities. Recreational parks have been recognised to play a positive reinforcement in promoting a healthy lifestyle, regarding physical health, social or even mental health. Nonetheless, some users have negative perceptions of recreational parks. The study investigates challenges pertaining to city residents' use and needs of recreational parks in Kuala Lumpur. Survey results from respondents who live in various zones in Kuala Lumpur were analysed to identify the parameters relevant for the study (n = 1617). The respondents' answers were statistically analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). The findings revealed challenges related to the use and needs of recreational parks, namely facilities, design aspect, maintenance and safety. The findings imply that similar challenges are prominent in many research papers in the last 15 years. In other words, the specific challenges identified in this study need more attention, should be evaluated closely and be solved for future improvement on the conditions of city's recreational parks. Through solving the pertinent aspects, comfortable spaces and activities that affect residents' health and well-being can be planned and managed.

Issue addressed: Exercising outdoors provide beneficial effect on mental and physical health for all ages. However, few older people exercise outdoors other than walking. While outdoor gyms have become increasingly common in Australia, limited outdoor exercise equipment specifically designed for older people is available in public spaces. We have set up and evaluated a unique purpose-built outdoor exercise park for older people in the community setting and demonstrated positive physical and wellbeing outcomes associated with the provision of this unique exercise mode and social program. Methods: This study is a reflective narrative describing this innovative exercise approach and reports challenges associated with establishment of the exercise park, conducting the randomised trial, strategies adopted to address these challenges and recommendations for future implementation of this approach in the community. Results: Many challenges were encountered, including securing appropriate land to locate the exercise park, control of environmental factors for safety (non-slippery ground and equipment) as well as logistics in running the exercise program itself. Several adjustments in the equipment were also required to ensure safe use by older people. Conclusion: The inclusion of outdoor equipment for older people in public spaces or urban parks is important and careful consideration needs to be taken by local/public authorities to provide access, amenities and safety for all as well as activities to suit all ages. So what?: Seniors' exercise parks can be installed in public places and may provide an enjoyable and effective approach to engage older individuals in a more active and healthier lifestyle.

To explore the challenges that Victorian sporting organisations experience when developing, delivering or scaling non‐traditional social sport products to engage insufficiently active people. Online Concept Mapping was used to gather qualitative data and analyse it quantitatively. A total of 68 participants (27 organisations) brainstormed 158 challenges. The research team synthesised these to 71 unique challenges for participants to sort into groups and rate for importance (0–5) and ease of overcoming (0–5). A nine‐cluster solution – Deliverers; Capacity to drive the product; Facilities and partnerships; Product development; Sustainable business model; Marketing to insufficiently active; Attracting the insufficiently active; Clubs and volunteers; and Shifting traditional sport culture – was considered most appropriate. Participants rated the Deliverers challenges as the most important (mean=3.52), and the Marketing to insufficiently active challenges as the easiest to overcome (2.72). Key ingredients to successfully developing and delivering non‐traditional sport opportunities for insufficiently active populations are: recruiting appropriate product deliverers; building the capacity of delivery organisations and systems; and developing products relevant to the delivery context that align with the needs and characteristics of the target population. A system‐wide response is required to address the challenges associated with sport organisations developing, scaling and delivering innovative social sport products for insufficiently active populations.