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Electric vehicles represent an innovation in mobility that can help significantly reduce greenhouse emissions and mitigate climate change. However, replacing internal combustion with electric vehicles is not enough. This replacement needs to be complemented with a change in the energy mix of individual countries towards renewable energy sources and efficient use of electricity generated as a secondary product. Recuperative braking energy from trains can serve as one source of such secondary energy. Following an analysis of recuperative energy generated and analysis of charging requirements of individual electric vehicles, the paper proposes a model of a charging site near train stations. Using this energy to charge electric vehicles helps to reduce energy consumption from the electricity grid and thus reduce carbon emissions. Compared to other articles, the proposed model ensures the efficient use of recuperative braking energy from trains by using the variable charging power function; thereby, the installation of additional battery storage is eliminated. Our model results show that the benefits of a car park with a reservation system near train stations increase the car park efficiency, provide a sufficient number of private charging points, contribute to efficient use of recovered energy, and reduce carbon emissions.

A hub motor is an effective drive system for Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs). However, due to limitations on packaging and cost, there are few applications in which hub motors are taken as the only actuators for a brake vehicle. Most applications involve a Regenerative Braking System (RBS) combined with a Hydraulic Braking System (HBS). In this paper, a top hierarchy Advanced Emergency Braking System (AEBS) controller is designed in Matlab/Simulink and State-flow, including functionalities of basic emergency braking, brake force distribution between front and rear wheels, anti-lock braking and coordination between RBS and HBS based on Model Predictive Control (MPC); a Seven Degrees of Freedom (DOF) BEV chassis model is constructed and rear-end crash test scenarios are created in Carsim with a high and low road adhesion coefficient. A series of comparison tests show that not only are the stopping distances between the ego vehicle and target vehicle shorter, but also the braking torques, longitudinal slip ratio and rotation speed of each wheel are well controlled without wheel locking. To sum up, in addition to meeting the AEBS requirements of avoiding a rear-end collision, the control strategy developed in this paper also levels up braking performance and enhances vehicle stability on both high-mu and low-mu roads for BEVs driven by a hub motor independently.

Regenerative braking provides a cost-effective means of extending the driving range in electric vehicles (EVs). However, its control strategy plays a crucial role in optimizing both energy regeneration and vehicle dynamic stability during braking. Hitherto conventional braking strategies such as regenerative energy maximization strategy ( REMS ) or I-curve based brake force distribution strategy ( I-BFDS ) are limited by either violation of ECE R13/H stability regulations or substantial loss of recuperation potential, respectively. Present research proposes an advanced and cohesive recuperative braking methodology that amalgamates the tenets of REMS and I-BFDS by synthesizing real-time brake intention recognition ( BIR ) within a drivetrain-specific, dynamically modulated co-operative brake torque allocation amongst front and rear wheels. Furthermore, the work contributes to a comprehensive mathematical formulation of the EV drivetrain including braking dynamics integrated within a dual-loop hierarchical control interface comprising three dedicated PI controllers governed by the proposed recuperative control scheme. Simulation studies under WLTP drive cycles and urban braking scenarios validate the model against manufacturer benchmarks with an overall driving range extension of ~ 6.5%. Comparison with REMS establishes the efficacy of the proposed strategy towards energy recuperation potential, while degree of stability is benchmarked in collation to I-BFDS , satisfying axle-torque precedence requirements. Results demonstrate the proposed algorithm achieves upto 16.92% (Front Wheel Drive) and 15.31% (Rear Wheel Drive) improvement in energy recovery without compromising dynamic stability or unsafe axle torque bias. The findings substantiate the feasibility of the proposed context-aware recuperative braking strategy in achieving a balanced trade-off between energy ergonomics, braking performance, and dynamic stability, providing a scalable pathway for next-generation autonomous EV braking systems.

Energy efficiency is a priority objective of the research strategy. Particularly, the energy efficiency of the drillingextraction equipment is an issue of high relevance, the decreasing of energy consumption in crude oil extraction being among the objectives of the research strategy in the oilfield equipment. The paper presents a constructive version for a representative high power drawworks part of an oil and gas drilling rig, with recuperative braking, powered by two asynchronous electric motors. By implementing this concept it is estimated that a significant part of domestic hot water consumption at rig location as well as the heating of the radiators belonging to the drilling rig barracks is recovered by the thermal energy produced by the drawworks braking system. The power saving is about 100 kW by recovering thermal energy produced by the two asynchronous electric motors of the high power drawworks.