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Determinants of Democratization
What are the determinants of democratization? Do the factors that move countries toward democracy also help them refrain from backsliding toward autocracy? This book attempts to answer these questions through a combination of a statistical analysis of social, economic, and international determinants of regime change in 165 countries around the world in 1972–2006, and case study work on nine episodes of democratization occurring in Argentina, Bolivia, Hungary, Nepal, Peru, the Philippines, South Africa, Turkey, and Uruguay. The findings suggest that democracy is promoted by long-term structural forces such as economic prosperity, but also by peaceful popular uprisings and the institutional setup of authoritarian regimes. In the short-run, however, elite actors may play a key role, particularly through the importance of intra-regime splits. Jan Teorell argues that these results have important repercussions both for current theories of democratization and for the international community's effort in developing policies for democracy promotion.
eBook
Doping evolution of the Mott–Hubbard landscape in infinite-layer nickelates
The recent observation of superconductivity in Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO₂ has raised fundamental questions about the hierarchy of the underlying electronic structure. Calculations suggest that this system falls in the Mott–Hubbard regime, rather than the charge-transfer configuration of other nickel oxides and the superconducting cuprates. Here, we use state-of-the-art, locally resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy to directly probe the Mott–Hubbard character of Nd1—x
Sr
x
NiO₂. Upon doping, we observe emergent hybridization reminiscent of the Zhang–Rice singlet via the oxygen-projected states, modification of the Nd 5d states, and the systematic evolution of Ni 3d hybridization and filling. These experimental data provide direct evidence for the multiband electronic structure of the superconducting infinite-layer nickelates, particularly via the effects of hole doping on not only the oxygen but also nickel and rare-earth bands.
Journal Article
Covert Regime Change
States seldom resort to war to overthrow their adversaries. They are more likely to attempt to covertly change the opposing regime, by assassinating a foreign leader, sponsoring a coup d'état, meddling in a democratic election, or secretly aiding foreign dissident groups.
InCovert Regime Change, Lindsey A. O'Rourke shows us how states really act when trying to overthrow another state. She argues that conventional focus on overt cases misses the basic causes of regime change. O'Rourke provides substantive evidence of types of security interests that drive states to intervene. Offensive operations aim to overthrow a current military rival or break up a rival alliance. Preventive operations seek to stop a state from taking certain actions, such as joining a rival alliance, that may make them a future security threat. Hegemonic operations try to maintain a hierarchical relationship between the intervening state and the target government. Despite the prevalence of covert attempts at regime change, most operations fail to remain covert and spark blowback in unanticipated ways.
Covert Regime Changeassembles an original dataset of all American regime change operations during the Cold War. This fund of information shows the United States was ten times more likely to try covert rather than overt regime change during the Cold War. Her dataset allows O'Rourke to address three foundational questions: What motivates states to attempt foreign regime change? Why do states prefer to conduct these operations covertly rather than overtly? How successful are such missions in achieving their foreign policy goals?
eBook
The national origins of policy ideas
In politics, ideas matter. They provide the foundation for economic policymaking, which in turn shapes what is possible in domestic and international politics. Yet until now, little attention has been paid to how these ideas are produced and disseminated, and how this process varies between countries.The National Origins of Policy Ideasprovides the first comparative analysis of how \"knowledge regimes\"-communities of policy research organizations like think tanks, political party foundations, ad hoc commissions, and state research offices, and the institutions that govern them-generate ideas and communicate them to policymakers.
John Campbell and Ove Pedersen examine how knowledge regimes are organized, operate, and have changed over the last thirty years in the United States, France, Germany, and Denmark. They show how there are persistent national differences in how policy ideas are produced. Some countries do so in contentious, politically partisan ways, while others are cooperative and consensus oriented. They find that while knowledge regimes have adopted some common practices since the 1970s, tendencies toward convergence have been limited and outcomes have been heavily shaped by national contexts.
Drawing on extensive interviews with top officials at leading policy research organizations, this book demonstrates why knowledge regimes are as important to capitalism as the state and the firm, and sheds new light on debates about the effects of globalization, the rise of neoliberalism, and the orientation of comparative political economy in political science and sociology.
eBook
Covert regime change : America's secret Cold War
\"This study is the first to systematically assemble an original dataset of all American regime change operations during the Cold War. The United States attempted more than 10 times more covert than overt regime changes. The author asks three questions: What motivates states to attempt foreign regime changes? Why do states prefer to conduct these operations covertly, as opposed to overtly? How successful are these missions in achieving their foreign policy goals?\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Heterogeneity of Tectonic Regimes in Sulawesi Island: Applying Unsupervised Machine Learning to Focal Mechanism Data
Sulawesi Island was formed in the tripel junction area between the Sunda plate, Australian plate, and Philippine Sea plate. The collision between the three plates resulted in Sulawesi island having a variety of fault mechanisms. To better understand the tectonic processes in Sulawesi, we clustered earthquake events in the region, which were then analyzed based on their focal mechanisms. The data we used is the distribution of focal mechanisms around the island of Sulawesi for 1390 events from 1967 to 2022 that we obtained from a combination of the ISC GEM, Global CMT, and BMKG earthquake catalogs. We applied one of the unsupervised machine learning technique that is Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Application with Noise (DBSCAN) to cluster these earthquake events. This method clusters earthquake events based on the density of the events using two parameters: the minimum number of events that occur in cluster (minPts), and distance radius for neighbouring points ( ). Futhermore, we analysed the density of the focal mechanism in each cluster to comprehend its fault mechanism heterogeneity. We obtained ten earthquake clusters, using the parameters minPts=15 and =0.40, where these parameters explain the reliability of the tectonic setting in Sulawesi. Based on the clusterization, we infer that sevent clusters have compressional regimes located in the northern arm of Sulawesi, the Molucca Sea Double Subduction area, the West Sangihe trench, the North-Vergent thrust, and the Nusa Tenggara Back Arc thrust. Additionally, we found that the clusters associated with the Palu-Koro Fault and Matano Fault exhibit characteristics of a transform regime, while the cluster located between the Lalanga and Tongian ridges is characterized by an extensional setting.
Journal Article