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In this article, building on de Wilde (2011) and Schattschneider (1960), we elaborate on the notion of principled politicization, a process of politicization by which regime principles become salient in public debate in a way that also articulates or implies structural alternatives. First, we argue that in contrast to other conceptualizations of politicization, which focus on policy issues, or “issue‐based politicization,” principled politicization concerns another type of political conflict that differs in terms of topic (regime principles) and content (alternatives). As such, this type of debate is inherently related to the concept of democracy. Second, adopting an applied political theory approach, we put the notion of principled politicization to the test by empirically studying citizen discussions about the EU. We examine whether citizens draw on EU regime principles and discuss alternatives. To do so, we conduct a qualitative secondary analysis of four datasets, consisting of interviews and focus groups with participants from different socio‐economic backgrounds and political leanings. This data was collected in Belgium, France, and the UK at four different points in time (1995–2019). We report that some citizens do engage with EU regime principles and consider alternatives to the principles they observe being implemented. This article suggests that politicization can strengthen EU democratization when debates include and, in fact, reflect the challenges to democratic principles themselves.

Forest landscapes across western North America (wNA) have experienced extensive changes over the last two centuries, while climatic warming has become a global reality over the last four decades. Resulting interactions between historical increases in forested area and density and recent rapid warming, increasing insect mortality, and wildfire burned areas, are now leading to substantial abrupt landscape alterations. These outcomes are forcing forest planners and managers to identify strategies that can modify future outcomes that are ecologically and/or socially undesirable. Past forest management, including widespread harvest of fire- and climate-tolerant large old trees and old forests, fire exclusion (both Indigenous and lightning ignitions), and highly effective wildfire suppression have contributed to the current state of wNA forests. These practices were successful at meeting short-term demands, but they match poorly to modern realities. Hagmann et al. review a century of observations and multiscale, multi-proxy, research evidence that details widespread changes in forested landscapes and wildfire regimes since the influx of European colonists. Over the preceding 10 millennia, large areas of wNA were already settled and proactively managed with intentional burning by Indigenous tribes. Prichard et al. then review the research on management practices historically applied by Indigenous tribes and currently applied by some managers to intentionally manage forests for resilient conditions. They address 10 questions surrounding the application and relevance of these management practices. Here, we highlight the main findings of both papers and offer recommendations for management. We discuss progress paralysis that often occurs with strict adherence to the precautionary principle; offer insights for dealing with the common problem of irreducible uncertainty and suggestions for reframing management and policy direction; and identify key knowledge gaps and research needs.

We study a stochastic optimal control problem for a delayed Markov regime-switching jump-diffusion model. We establish necessary and sufficient maximum principles under full and partial information for such a system. We prove the existence–uniqueness theorem for the adjoint equations, which are represented by an anticipated backward stochastic differential equation with jumps and regimes. We illustrate our results by a problem of optimal consumption problem from a cash flow with delay and regimes.

China’s role in the Arctic regime remains a debatable topic in the expert discourse on the High North. Currently, in view of the aggravated conflicts in other regions that include Russia as the largest Arctic state, and China as its strategic partner, the Arctic regimes are experiencing salient disturbances. Against this backdrop, an understanding of China’s opportunities to affect Arctic affairs is urgently needed. We address this issue by combining political and legal analyses. We used the regime theory approach to outline the Arctic regime complex (ARC), and through this lens, we discuss the recent changes that are being observed. Based on this, we determine China’s actual potential for making amendments to the ARC. We conclude that China has no capacity to make a crucial shift in the ARC, but it is still able to alter particular rules, like those related to Arctic Ocean management and scientific cooperation. The further efficient operation of the Arctic Council will play a decisive role in envisaging China’s behaviour in the region.

In this paper, we seek to define the Portuguese Electronic Jurisdictional Administrative Procedure and characterize the scope and success of its implementation in terms of access to justice and court efficiency. It encompasses different perspectives on the judicial system and the electronic administrative procedure, reflecting the diversity of its authors, and combines a theoretical approach and discussion with statistics produced with official judicial data. Therefore, it introduces the issue and its background and discusses the models and principles of electronic judicial procedure and its representation in the Portuguese judicial procedure and law. It also presents the Portuguese exceptional and temporary regime for conducting judicial hearings in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, discussing its merits and presenting the corresponding judicial statistics. The paper concludes that the advent of electronic judicial procedure, driven by technological advancements and aiming to achieve procedural effectiveness and efficiency, represents a paradigm shift and a change in the nature of the legal process, i.e., an ontological transformation in the theory of the process that requires a robust conceptual framework, to ensure consistent interpretation and application of procedural law and to guarantee respect for equality and legal certainty.

Family law underwent fundamental material and formal changes during the people’s democratic regime in Czechoslovakia, ruled by the Communist Party from 1948. The government needed a new family law, which, in the spirit of the rhetoric of the time, was supposed to be freed from the influence of the Church. As a result of the new approach, the state started to thoroughly supervise families and familial relationships with a clear goal – to place them under ideological patronage.The starting point for the transformation of family law (and the entire legal order) was the constitution adopted in May 1948 (Constitutional Law no. 150 of 1948 Coll., commonly known as the “Ninth-of-May Constitution.”). Shortly after, the new Act on Family Law no. 265 of 1949 Coll. came into force and stayed in effect until the socialist recodification and the follow-up of the Constitution of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic of 1960 which was the Family Act no. 94 of 1963 Coll.The authors present and analyse the fundamental principles of the people’s democratic Czechoslovak family law, namely:* compulsory civil marriage substituting the possibility to choose between a civil and Church marriage* equality between men and women in familial, marital, and property relations* equal rights for children regardless of their marital or non-marital origin (abolition of differences between children born in and out of wedlock)* joint parental authority substituting the sole paternal authority over children* deepening of the public (state) interest in the child policy – a new understanding of the termination of marriage by divorce* a new concept of a socialist family and a socialist marriage built upon new definitions of the functions of family and marriage.The authors also thoroughly focus on the legal regulation of marriage in the Czechoslovak people’s democratic legal order. In detail, they describe and analyse marriage formation, personal and property relations between spouses, the dissolution of marriage, fault in the breakdown of marriage, and the interests of minor children in the divorce proceedings.The authors base their research on historical legal theory and practice, including historical legal acts, legal drafts, explanatory reports, case law, historical school textbooks, ideologically influenced papers and books to provide the reader with a holistic understanding of the family law in Czechoslovakia during the years 1948–1960.

This study examines the impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption on audit fees. We first build an analytical audit fee model to analyze the impact on audit fees for the change in both audit complexity and financial reporting quality brought about by IFRS adoption. We then test the model's predictions using audit fee data from European Union countries that mandated IFRS adoption in 2005. We find that mandatory IFRS adoption has led to an increase in audit fees. We also find that the IFRS-related audit fee premium increases with the increase in audit complexity brought about by IFRS adoption, and decreases with the improvement in financial reporting quality arising from IFRS adoption. Finally, we find some evidence that the IFRS-related audit fee premium is lower in countries with stronger legal regimes. Our results are robust to a variety of sensitivity checks.

Purpose. To investigate the peculiarities of organizational and legal provision of information security (IS) in the conditions of martial law (ML). To propose changes to legislative provisions to improve legal regulation in this area. To develop systematic measures to balance the rights and obligations of individuals and legal entities in the field of IS in the conditions of ML. Methodology. The general scientific and special legal methods of cognition are used: hermeneutic method allowed us to substantiate expansion of IS field; content analysis – to determine organizational principles of IS of enterprises in conditions of ML; structural and legal – to propose indicator conditions for legal norms; special-legal – to propose system of local regulatory acts for the legal provision of IS; comparative legal – to propose special legal regime for IS of enterprises. Findings. It is indicated that during the state of war, the IS field of enterprise expands significantly and becomes an element of the national security system. The peculiarities of organizational and legal support and the basic organizational principles of IS of enterprises in the conditions of ML are determined. It is proposed to introduce a special legal regime for implementation of IS of enterprises in conditions of ML and use of the state’s capabilities in this area under specified legal regime. Amendments to the articles of Special Part of Code of Ukraine on administrative offenses are proposed for effective regulatory support of the special legal regime for implementation of IS of enterprises Originality. A legal tool is proposed to limit dissemination of information about a company’s activities – the introduction of local law documents to classify information about the company’s activities during ML into category “with limited access”. Indicator conditions and additions to legislative norms are proposed. Practical value. The developed proposals, indicator conditions and additions to legislative norms will contribute to strengthening the IS of enterprises.

The segmentation of data into stationary stretches, also known as the multiple change point problem, is important for many applications in time series analysis and signal processing. Based on strong invariance principles, we analyze a data segmentation methodology using moving sum statistics for a class of regimeswitching multivariate processes, where each switch results in a change in the drift. In particular, this framework includes the data segmentation of multivariate partial sum, integrated diffusion, and renewal processes, even if the distance between the change points is sublinear. We study the asymptotic behavior of the corresponding change point estimators, show their consistency, and derive the corresponding localization rates, which are minimax optimal in a variety of situations, including an unbounded number of changes in Wiener processes with drift. Furthermore, we derive the limit distribution of the change point estimators for local changes. This result can, in principle, be used to derive confidence intervals for the change points.