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Importance of functional performance and psychological readiness for return to preinjury level of sports 1 year after ACL reconstruction in competitive athletes
Purpose
This study aimed to identify independent predictive factors for return to sports (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in competitive-level athletes and to determine optimal cut-off values for these factors at 6 months after surgery.
Methods
A total of 124 competitive athletes (50 males and 74 females; mean age, 17.0 years; preinjury Tegner activity scale > 7) who underwent primary ACL reconstruction were enrolled. Assessments at 6 months after surgery consisted of knee functional tests [quadriceps index, hamstrings index, and single-leg hop for distance (SLH)] and 2 self-report questionnaires [IKDC subjective score and ACL-Return to Sport after Injury scale (ACL-RSI)]. At 1 year after surgery, athletes were classified into the RTS group (
n
= 101) or non-RTS group (
n
= 23) based on self-reported sports activities. After screening possible predictive factors of RTS, multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed to identify independent factors.
Results
Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified SLH (odds ratio, 2.861 per 10 unit increase;
P
< 0.001) and ACL-RSI (odds ratio, 1.810 per 10 unit increase;
P
= 0.001) at 6 months as independent predictors of RTS at 1 year after surgery. Optimal cut-off values of SLH and ACL-RSI were 81.3% (sensitivity = 0.891; specificity = 0.609) and 55 points (sensitivity = 0.693; specificity = 0.826), respectively.
Conclusion
In competitive athletes, SLH < 81% and ACL-RSI < 55 points at 6 months after surgery were associated with a greater risk of unsuccessful RTS at 1 year after surgery. SLH and ACL-RSI at 6 months could serve as screening tools to identify athletes who have difficulties with returning to sports after ACL reconstruction.
Level of evidence
III.
Journal Article
Stock Return Predictability and Variance Risk Premia: Statistical Inference and International Evidence
Recent empirical evidence suggests that the variance risk premium predicts aggregate stock market returns. We demonstrate that statistical finite sample biases cannot “explain” this apparent predictability. Further corroborating the existing evidence of the United States, we show that country-specific regressions for France, Germany, Japan, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Belgium, and the United Kingdom result in quite similar patterns. Defining a “global” variance risk premium, we uncover even stronger predictability and almost identical cross-country patterns through the use of panel regressions.
Journal Article
Capital Market Reaction to The Indonesian Presidential Election in 2024
This study is to examine how the capital markets will respond to the Indonesian presidential election in 2024. There were 500 enterprises in the study's samples, which were divided into different sectors of Indonesia's capital market. The analytical tool used in this research is the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The research results show that Market Returns affect Abnormal Returns and stock return. Abnormal Returns influence Stock Returns. Market Returns influence Stock Returns through abnormal Returns. The novelty in the research is abnormal returns as an intervening variable because abnormal returns can influence stock prices due to political events. This research can provide additional information for investors to pay attention to political conditions that have an impact on stock returns. The sampling period was short considering the long election process.
Journal Article
Stocks for the long run : the definitive guide to financial market returns & long-term investment strategies
Now in its fifth edition, \"Stocks for the Long Run\" includes Siegel's highly anticipated analysis of the sub-prime crash, the financial crisis, and resulting world-wide recession. This new edition also includes a deeper focus on international investing and emerging markets.
Book
Life-cycle earnings, education premiums, and internal rates of return
Using Norwegian population panel data with nearly career-long earnings histories, we provide a detailed picture of the causal relationship between schooling and earnings over the life cycle. To address selection bias, we apply three commonly used identification strategies. We find that additional schooling gives higher lifetime earnings and a steeper age-earnings profile, in line with predictions from human capital theory. Our preferred estimates imply an internal rate of return of around 11%, suggesting that it was highly profitable to acquire additional schooling. Our analysis reveals that Mincer regressions dramatically understate the returns to schooling because key assumptions are violated.
Journal Article
Rest and Return to Activity After Sport-Related Concussion: A Systematic Review of the Literature
To systematically review the literature regarding rest and return to activity after sport-related concussion.
The search was conducted in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Educational Resources Information Center, Ovid MEDLINE, and PubMed using terms related to concussion, mild traumatic brain injury, physical and cognitive rest, and return to activity.
Studies were included if they were published in English; were original research; and evaluated the use of, compliance with, or effectiveness of physical or cognitive rest or provided empirical evidence supporting the graded return-to-activity progression.
The study design, patient or participant sample, interventions used, outcome measures, main results, and conclusions were extracted, as appropriate, from each article.
Articles were categorized into groups based on their ability to address one of the primary clinical questions of interest: use of rest, rest effectiveness, compliance with recommendations, or outcome after graded return-to-activity progression. A qualitative synthesis of the results was provided, along with summary tables.
Our main findings suggest that rest is underused by health care providers, recommendations for rest are broad and not specific to individual patients, an initial period of moderate physical and cognitive rest (eg, limited physical activity and light mental activity) may improve outcomes during the acute postinjury phase, significant variability in the use of assessment tools and compliance with recommended return-to-activity guidelines exists, and additional research is needed to empirically evaluate the effectiveness of graded return-to-activity progressions. Furthermore, there is a significant need to translate knowledge of best practices in concussion management to primary care providers.
Journal Article