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The reversible unilateral ureteral obstruction (RUUO) model is pivotal for studying obstructive nephropathy (ON) but has limitations, including procedure complexity and inconsistent recanalization success. We developed a simpler, reliable, and efficient RUUO model, and utilized advanced auxiliary examination methods to assess hydronephrosis and renal function changes, providing evidence for procedural success. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control and experimental groups. Baseline data on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were obtained from the control group. The experimental group was subdivided based on obstruction durations of 3, 7, 10, and 14 days. Unilateral ureteral obstruction models were created followed by obstruction release to establish the RUUO models. Dynamic renal scintigraphy with single-photon emission computed tomography was used to measure left kidney GFR pre-recanalization and on day 7 and 14 post-recanalization. MRI was used to evaluate hydronephrosis resolution. Key surgical modifications included complete removal of ligated ureter segments and wider ureter-bladder anastomosis, improving consistency and 93.35% recanalization success rate. MRI and Tc-DTPA dynamic renal scintigraphy indicated varying degrees of renal functional recovery. The 3-day obstruction group showed near-complete restoration within 1 week of recanalization. Conversely, extended obstruction durations significantly impaired recovery. The 14-day group demonstrated marked functional decline due to progressive renal fibrosis observed at 2 weeks post-recanalization. The optimized model offers simplified surgical techniques, enhanced recanalization success, and high reproducibility. These findings highlight the importance of early recanalization in preserving renal function, and provide a robust framework for future research on ON, including therapeutic strategies.

Objective: We established a novel procedure to generate a reversible partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (PUUO) in rabbit. The method allows us to reliably measure the degree of ureteral obstruction in live animals, and thus could be a useful tool for studying kidney diseases. Methods: Thirty rabbits of clean grade were divided randomly into sham control group and obstruction (PUUO) group. Each rabbit in this study received the same blocking surgery, in which the upper ureter was curvilinearly incised and inserted with two F6 ureteral catheters that were connected with a tee joint valve. Ureteral obstruction was created and released through the valve adjustment. Serum creatinine and ultrasonographic measurements were performed preoperatively, on the fifth and tenth days after obstruction surgery, and on the 10th and 20th day, respectively, after the relief of the obstruction. Pathological measurements were taken in two randomly chosen rabbits of each group on the 10th day after surgery and on the 20th day after obstruction relief. Results: Data showed that the serum creatinine went transiently up and down in the early days and then remained a little bit higher in the following days after obstruction surgery. The morphology in obstructed kidney changed significantly on the 10th day postoperatively, compared to the sham control group. The obvious differences were also observed in pathology tests. After the relief of obstruction, the volume of renal pelvis (V), renal cortical thickness (RCT), and pathological impairment were partially reversed. Conclusions: Those findings indicate our procedure generate a successful and reversible PUUO animal model. It is a reliable and simple procedure for generating an animal model for reversible PUUO. The feasibility and significance of the new method was confirmed through ultrasonographic and pathological results.