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Nasal rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease that affects the mucous membranes of the nose and nasopharynx in humans and animals. Although it is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions, sporadic cases have been reported worldwide, including a few cases in Italy. The aim of this report is to describe two cases of nasal rhinosporidiosis in dogs from the same geographical region (Northwestern Italy) that were treated using a diode laser under endoscopic guidance. Both dogs presented persistent respiratory signs, including nasal wheezing, sneezing, and unilateral mucous, catarrhal and hemorrhagic discharge. Both dogs underwent diagnostic procedures, including rhinoscopy, which revealed abnormal tissue growth. Histopathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of proliferative-polypoid rhinitis caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi in both cases. In one dog, medical therapy with itraconazole failed to resolve the fungal infection. A local endoscopically guided treatment using a diode laser was thus proposed and successfully performed for polyp removal in both animals. Post-surgical rhinoscopy showed no tissue regrowth in one dog. The second dog experienced recurrence and progression of clinical signs following the first treatment. A second intervention was therefore needed, along with additional oral medical therapy to resolve the fungal rhinopathy. Both dogs were monitored for a minimum follow-up period of one year. Endoscopic debridement is a feasible, minimally invasive technique that could represent a new therapeutic option for the removal of nasal polyps caused by R. seeberi.

Background Nasopharyngeal amyloidoma is a rare, locally aggressive tumor that has been reported in the English literature in only 38 cases to date, most of which were in the form of case reports. The present study was aimed to summarize the characteristics of this rare tumor, with the goal of providing new insights for diagnosis and treatment. Materials and methods We report three cases of nasopharyngeal amyloidoma diagnosed in our hospital following comprehensive medical examination and review the current literature on all cases of nasopharyngeal amyloidoma from PubMed. The journey of nasopharyngeal amyloidoma, including presentation, diagnostics, surgeries, and follow-up was outlined. Results None of the three patients had systemic amyloidosis. CT and nasal endoscopy showed irregular masses obstructing the nasopharyngeal cavity. Congo red staining confirmed the deposition of amyloid, and immunohistochemical analysis showed that the amyloid deposition was the AL light chain type. Through literature review, we found that nasopharyngeal amyloidoma most commonly occurred in individuals over the age of 40, patients usually had a good prognosis after complete tumor resection; however, there were still cases of recurrence, and unresected patients were at risk of progression to systemic amyloidosis. The efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy was currently uncertain. Conclusion Early clinical and pathological diagnosis is crucial, and surgical intervention is the primary treatment option for this disease. Although patients usually have a favorable prognosis, long-term monitoring is necessary to detect potential relapses and initiate timely intervention.

Abstract Background Approximately 80% of nasal masses in dogs and 91% of nasal masses in cats are reported to be malignant, but the currently reported diagnostic rate of neoplasia is 54% using blind or rhinoscopic biopsy techniques. Hypothesis/Objectives Describe the technique of computed tomography (CT)-guided Tru-Cut (Tru-Cut biopsy needle, Merit Medical Systems, Utah, USA) nasal biopsies in cats and dogs to determine the diagnostic rate of neoplasia on the first round of sampling and to evaluate the safety of the technique. Animals Thirty client-owned animals, 16 dogs and 14 cats, that had CT-guided nasal biopsies performed to investigate nasal masses. Methods Retrospective, single-center, medical record review of 16 dogs and 14 cats that had CT-guided nasal biopsies performed between 2022 and 2024. Results Diagnostic biopsy samples were acquired using CT-guided Tru-Cut sampling in 28/30 cases (93%). The diagnosis was considered clinically appropriate in 26/30 cases (87%): neoplasia in 24/30 cases (80%) and rhinitis in 2/30 cases (7%). Neoplasia was the final diagnosis in 14/16 dogs (88%) and 10/14 cats (71%). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Computed tomographic-guided Tru-Cut biopsies can result in a high first-round diagnosis of neoplasia in nasal masses in cats and dogs, without clinically relevant complications. This technique is a useful alternative method of sampling nasal masses that may be difficult to access via rhinoscopy.

Background: Though neoplasms in pigs are increasingly recognized, there are no previous clinical descriptions of nasal squamous cell carcinoma. Case Presentation: A 4-year-old 71 kg Vietnamese Pot-bellied pig barrow presented with a history of mild intermittent epistaxis. A mass was identified in the left nasal passage during computed tomography. Rhinoscopic guidance biopsy confirmed squamous cell carcinoma. Surgical excision via dorsal rhinotomy was performed. Nasal swelling prompted repeated computed tomography 1 year later. Mass recurrence was detected, and the pig underwent a second surgical excision with adjunctive cryotherapy. The patient developed a small permanent nasocutaneous fistula, with no evidence of tumor recurrence 1 year following the second surgery. Conclusion: This is the first reported case of a Vietnamese Pot-bellied pig undergoing treatment for nasal squamous cell carcinoma. A multimodal diagnostic and therapeutic approach was applied, including advanced imaging, rhinoscopy, surgical intervention, and vigilant post-operative monitoring, which resulted in successful management and a favorable long-term outcome. Neoplasia should be considered as a differential diagnosis in pigs presenting with nonspecific nasal signs.

The aim of this case report is to describe comprehensive imaging such as CT scanning, endoscopy, histopathology, and clinical outcomes following medical and endoscopic treatment. A 5-year-old spayed female Chihuahua presented with chronic unilateral nasal discharge, congestion, and intermittent stertor, unresponsive to initial antibiotics and steroids. Further diagnostics, including endoscopy, revealed a cystic lesion with osseous fragments in the left nasal cavity, while CT imaging identified a soft tissue mass with associated bone resorption. Histopathology confirmed chondro-osseous respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma (COREAH), a rare benign lesion characterized by respiratory epithelium, fibrovascular proliferation, and osseous components, along with lymphoplasmacytic and eosinophilic inflammation. Clinical signs improved following endoscopic aspiration and drainage, which restored nasal cavity space. This case highlights the importance of combining endoscopy, advanced imaging, and histopathology for accurate diagnosis and effective management of COREAH, a condition with potential for recurrence. The use of endoscopy enabled real-time visualization and precise tissue sampling, distinguishing this case from others relying solely on imaging. This report contributes to the limited veterinary literature on COREAH and underscores the need for long-term monitoring due to its uncertain pathogenesis and variable presentation.

Introduction: Canine sinonasal aspergillosis (SNA) can present singular as a primary disease or secondary to concurrent sinonasal pathology. We hypothesized that treatment response and prognosis differ between both forms, particularly when sinusitis is present. Methods: In this retrospective study, 30 dogs with SNA were categorized as either group pA (primary aspergillosis) or group sA (secondary aspergillosis; with additional sinonasal pathology). History, diagnostics, endoscopic therapeutic intervention of affected nose and sinus, and follow-up data were analyzed. Results: Group pA included 19/30 dogs (63%), with 15 dogs (79%) showing concurrent sinusitis. Group sA included 11/30 dogs (37%; additional conditions: foreign bodies, dental pathologies, frontal bone fracture). Only 2/11 sA dogs (18%) had sinusitis. Follow-ups in group pA were more frequent than in group sA (p = 0.04). Need for re-treatments differed significantly between groups (p = 0.02) and in dogs with sinusitis, regardless of group (p < 0.001). In group sA, treating the underlying condition plus single endoscopic debridement ± antifungal therapy led to clinical resolution in 11 of 12 dogs (92%). Conclusions: Primary SNA is frequently associated with sinusitis, requires aggressive repeated antifungal therapy, and may not achieve a definitive cure. Secondary SNA is usually confined to the nasal cavity, responds well to underlying condition treatment, carries better prognosis, and requires fewer antifungal treatments.

Case summary An indoor-only 6-year-old spayed female domestic cat was evaluated for a history of stertorous respiration. Skull radiographs revealed increased soft tissue density within the caudal aspect of the left nasal cavity. CT and rhinoscopy revealed a mass lesion in the choana, plus a smaller lesion, nearly completely occluding flow through the nasal passages. Rhinoscopy was used to collect a biopsy specimen from a fleshy, tan–yellow mass visualized in the caudal nasopharynx. Histopathology was diagnostic for Cryptococcus species infection and systemic antifungal therapy with fluconazole was initiated. Following a series of discordant results, serum samples were submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory that utilized a cryptococcal antigen latex agglutination system with pretreatment of serum with pronase. Twenty-three months after the initial diagnosis, the cat’s serum cryptococcal antigen titer declined to 1:5 and the cat has responded well to continuing treatment. Relevance and novel information This case illustrates challenges associated with discordant test results for cryptococcal antigen among laboratories. Discordancies may be due to differences in assay design, or the underlying disease state itself, or whether serum is pre-treated with pronase; with some tests relying on the training and experience of the operator if the cryptococcal antigen detection test requires a subjective interpretation. It also resolves some confusion in the literature related to the assay types available and terminology used to describe them, and emphasizes the importance of considering cryptococcosis as an important differential for cats with upper respiratory signs, without nasal discharge, even if the cat is kept exclusively indoors.

Evidence regarding the association between allergic rhinitis (AR) and physical activity (PA) is conflicting. Previous studies have mostly relied only on self-reported symptoms to define AR, did not classify AR by severity or persistence, and included only children or athletes. The present cross-sectional study evaluated the association between PA and objectively-defined AR and its subtypes in the general adult population using data for 1932 eligible participants aged 19 years or older in the 2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between three types of PA and overall AR, AR subtypes, and rhinoscopy findings showed that moderate-severe AR was positively associated with vigorous (odds ratio [OR] = 3.392, p = 0.002) and moderate (OR = 3.623, p = 0.007) PA compared to mild AR, while persistent AR was associated with vigorous (OR = 3.954, p = 0.004) and moderate (OR = 3.411, p = 0.022) PA compared to intermittent AR. On rhinoscopy, vigorous PA was significantly associated with watery rhinorrhea (OR = 2.203, p = 0.048) but not pale mucosa. Total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and three allergen-specific IgE were not significantly elevated in participants who performed PA. Therefore, regular vigorous PA is associated with subjective and objective aggravation of AR symptoms, which may not necessarily manifest as increased serum IgE levels.

The objective of this work was to study the normal anatomy of the nasal cavity of the three species of big cats (leopard, lion, and cheetah) compared to the domestic cat through the use of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and rhinoscopy. Computed tomography allowed us to clearly visualize the entire bony and cartilaginous framework that supports the nasal cavity. Magnetic resonance imaging permitted better visualization of the soft tissues of this cavity. On the other hand, rhinoscopy enabled the direct visualization of the mucosa of the vestibule and nasal cavity, which is very useful in the diagnosis of masses or foreign bodies. Furthermore, with this technique, it has been possible to observe several small orifices from the nasolacrimal duct, the pharyngeal auditory tube, and the lateral nasal gland. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and rhinoscopy are useful tools in analysis of the anatomical characteristics of the nasal cavity in these species.

In this prospective blinded study, canine C-reactive protein (c-CRP), haptoglobin (HPT), and 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25(OH)D) were investigated for their diagnostic value in 55 dogs with nasal cavity disease (ND). After comprehensive diagnostics including a culture-dependent microbiological examination (ME) of nasal swabs, 17 dogs were excluded due to additionally detected systemic diseases or steroid pre-treatment. Included were 25 dogs with malignant ND (13 carcinomas and 12 sarcomas) and 30 dogs with benign ND (7 benign tumors, 13 idiopathic rhinitis (IR), and 10 others), as well as 10 controls. In none of the 72 dogs with ND was primary bacterial rhinitis diagnosed. Although within the reference interval, compared to the controls, c-CRP was significantly higher in dogs with ND in general and in every subgroup except for benign tumors. Serum HPT concentrations were not different among groups. Compared to the controls, 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly lower (p = 0.041) in malignant ND and sarcomas (p = 0.025). Despite pre-treatment with antibiotics (40/54; 74.1%), in 23/51 (45%) dogs, the ME was positive. Cultivated bacteria did not differ significantly between nasal diseases. The serum markers were not significantly different regarding the positivity of ME. In conclusion, the investigated serum markers were not clinically useful for the reliable detection of canine ND, as was the ME. Because of the low number of dogs with IR and positive or negative ME, further studies regarding c-CRP are needed in a larger group of IR dogs without concomitant diseases to reliably evaluate its utility in IR dogs with suspected secondary bacterial nasal infection.