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Background Despite recent advances in recognizing more reliable indicators to estimate the coronary artery disease (CAD) patients’ response to treatment and prognosis, less attention has been paid to evaluating them in clinical trials. Hence, the present research was conducted to study the impact of rice bran oil (RBO) versus sunflower oil (SFO) on various atherogenicity and insulin resistance markers. Methods In the present 8-week randomized controlled trial, 40 CAD men with an average age of 56 years were allocated randomly into the intervention or control group to use RBO or SFO (30 g/day) plus a standardized dietary plan. As a further analysis, eight atherosclerosis-related indices were calculated before and after the study. Results Analysis of covariance test in which potential confounders and baseline levels were considered, indicated that using RBO compared to SFO reduced Castelli’s risk index I and II (adjusted means:3.29, 1.52 vs. 4.61, 2.20, respectively), atherogenic coefficient (2.29 vs. 3.61), lipoprotein combine index (6.54 vs. 17.53), and cholesterol index (0.46 vs. 1.20) after the trial ( P-value  ≤ 0.002). Also, the RBO group yielded significantly lower triglyceride glucose index (8.73 vs. 9.13) ( P-value  = 0.010). Further, marginally significant amelioration in triglyceride/HDL ratio and atherogenic index of plasma (1.48 and 0.13 vs. 1.86 and 0.24 respectively) were noted ( P-value  = 0.07). Spearman correlation analysis detected significant positive correlations between alterations in TNF-α serum levels (ng/L) and the majority of evaluated indices ( P-value < 0.05 ). Conclusion Taken together, incorporating 30 g of RBO into the patient’s usual diet appeared effective in ameliorating atherogenicity and insulin resistance indicators among men with CAD, probably in relation to its anti-inflammatory properties. Trial registration The protocol of the current trial was retrospectively recorded in the Iranian clinical trial registration system (IRCT) with the registration number of IRCT20190313043045N1 (URL: https://en.irct.ir/trial/38346 ; Registration date: 2019-04-27).

Rice bran oil (RBO) is increasingly valued for its bioactive constituents and associated health benefits. This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of RBOs derived from purple (PRBO), red (RRBO), and white (WRBO) rice bran, focusing on their physicochemical properties, fatty-acid profiles, bioactive components, antioxidant activity, oxidative stability, and lipidomics. Our results demonstrate that PRBO consistently exhibited a more favorable fatty-acid composition, characterized by a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids and significantly greater concentrations of bioactive compounds (including tocopherols/tocotrienols, γ-oryzanol, phytosterols, and squalene). Accordingly, PRBO showed the highest radical-scavenging activity and storage oxidative stability, followed by RRBO and WRBO. Additionally, untargeted lipidomics using UPLC–MS–MS identified 2908 lipid species spanning 57 subclasses and revealed distinct variety-specific lipid signatures. PRBO was uniquely enriched in lipid species such as ceramide phosphate (CerP) and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG). RRBO was characterized by a distinct abundance of sitosteryl esters (SiE), phosphatidic acid (PA), and cardiolipin (CL), while WRBO was distinguished by phosphatidylethanol (PEt), lysodimethylphosphatidylethanolamine (LdMePE), and sphingomyelin (SM). Overall, PRBO possessed not only a broader repertoire of lipid species but also higher relative abundances of nutritionally significant lipids. These results enable quality evaluation and varietal authentication of colored RBOs and guide their targeted use in health-oriented foods and nutritional interventions.

The objective of the current study is to investigate the effect of rice bran oil (RBO) on hepatic fibrosis as a characteristic response to persistent liver injuries. Rats were randomly allocated into five groups: the negative control group, thioacetamide (TAA) group (thioacetamide 100 mg/kg thrice weekly for two successive weeks, ip), RBO 0.2 and 0.4 groups (RBO 0.2mL and 0.4 mL/rat/day, po ) and standard group (silymarin 100 mg/kg/day, po ) for two weeks after TAA injection. Blood and liver tissue samples were collected for biochemical, molecular, and histological analyses. Liver functions, oxidative stress, inflammation, liver fibrosis markers were assessed. The obtained results showed that RBO reduced TAA-induced liver fibrosis and suppressed the extracellular matrix formation. Compared to the positive control group, RBO dramatically reduced total bilirubin, AST, and ALT blood levels. Furthermore, RBO reduced MDA and increased GSH contents in the liver. Simultaneously RBO downregulated the NF-κβ signaling pathway, which in turn inhibited the expression of some inflammatory mediators, including Cox-2, IL-1β, and TNF-α. RBO attenuated liver fibrosis by suppressing the biological effects of TGF-β1, α-SMA, collagen I, hydroxyproline, CTGF, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK). RBO reduced liver fibrosis by inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation and modulating the interplay among the TGF-β1 and FAK signal transduction. The greater dosage of 0.4 mL/kg has a more substantial impact. Hence, this investigation presents RBO as a promising antifibrotic agent in the TAA model through inhibition of TGF-β1 /FAK/α-SMA.

•Virgin rice bran oil (VRBO) protects against hypertension, oxidative stress, and inflammation induced by Nγω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester in rats.•VRBO is associated with endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation and suppression of angiotensin-converting enzyme, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, and nuclear factor-κB pathways.•The combination of VRBO and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor is more effective than either single treatment.•VRBO may be used for prevention or as an adjunctive therapy of hypertension. Endothelial dysfunction associated with reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability plays an important role in development of hypertension. Consumption of a diet rich in antioxidants appears to lower the risk for hypertension. Virgin rice bran oil (VRBO) possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypocholesterolemic activities. However, to our knowledge, the antihypertensive effect of VRBO has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the antihypertensive effect of VRBO in Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats and its underlying mechanisms. Hypertension was induced in rats by administration of L-NAME, after which VRBO, lisinopril (Lis), or VRBO + Lis was administered. Studies were then conducted on the hemodynamics of vascular responses to vasoactive substances, plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), plasma nitrate/nitrite, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers. L-NAME administration induced hemodynamic changes including elevation of blood pressure, increased peripheral vascular resistance, and endothelial dysfunction. Reduction in plasma nitrate/nitrite, overproduction of vascular superoxide, and increases in plasma ACE, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, and plasma tumor necrosis factor-α were observed in L-NAME hypertensive rats. The changes were associated with a marked decrease in endothelial NO synthase expression, increased expression of gp91phoxand vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and activation of nuclear factor-κB in aortic tissues. Administration of either VRBO or Lis significantly mitigated all of these deleterious effects. The combination of VRBO and Lis was more effective than either treatment alone. The antihypertensive effect of VRBO may be mediated by restoration of hemodynamics, increased NO bioavailability, and alleviation of oxidative stress and inflammation. VRBO has an additive effect on antihypertensive medication. [Display omitted]

Pathological neovascularization in the eye is a leading cause of blindness in all age groups from retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in children to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the elderly. Inhibiting neovascularization via antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs has been used for the effective treatment. However, anti-VEGF therapies may cause development of chorioretinal atrophy as they affect a physiological amount of VEGF essential for retinal homeostasis. Furthermore, anti-VEGF therapies are still ineffective in some cases, especially in patients with AMD. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a strong regulator of VEGF induction under hypoxic and other stress conditions. Our previous reports have indicated that HIF is associated with pathological retinal neovascularization in murine models of ROP and AMD, and HIF inhibition suppresses neovascularization by reducing an abnormal increase in VEGF expression. Along with this, we attempted to find novel effective HIF inhibitors from natural foods of our daily lives. Food ingredients were screened for prospective HIF inhibitors in ocular cell lines of 661W and ARPE-19, and a murine AMD model was utilized for examining suppressive effects of the ingredients on retinal neovascularization. As a result, rice bran and its component, vitamin B6 showed inhibitory effects on HIF activation and suppressed VEGF mRNA induction under a CoCl2-induced pseudo-hypoxic condition. Dietary supplement of these significantly suppressed retinal neovascularization in the AMD model. These data suggest that rice bran could have promising therapeutic values in the management of pathological ocular neovascularization.

Rice bran oil (RBO) has become a popular oil globally. However, the RBO extraction process leaves various residue products, which contain bioactive substances of varying potency which could be significant sources of functional ingredients for both food production and pharmaceutical manufacture. The objective of our study was to compare the bioactive substances in various by-products derived from the two rice bran oil processing methods; solvent extraction and cold pressing. The residues from solvent extraction processing contained up to 97.37 mg/100 g of γ-aminobutyric acid in defatted rice bran, and the rice acid oil contained high levels of vitamin E (tocopherols, tocotrienols), up to 120.59 mg/100 g, as well as γ-oryzanol (3829.65 mg/100 g), phytosterol (599.40 mg/100 g), and policosanol compounds (332.79 mg/100 g). All of these values are higher than in the residues derived from cold pressing. Importantly, high amounts of total nutraceuticals (8.3 kg/100 kg) were found in residues from both processing methods, indicating the commercial potential of these residues as a source of functional ingredients for food production, as dietary supplements, and in pharmaceutical manufacture. [Display omitted] •Total nutraceuticals contents (6.6 kg/100 kg) found in by-products from solvent extraction and refining processes of rice bran oil production was higher than from cold pressed extraction process (1.7 kg/100 kg).•In Thailand, the total amount of bioactive substances including GABA, γ-oryzanol, phytosterol, vitamin E, and policosanols remained in defatted rice bran, the most abundant by-products discarded from rice bran oil manufacture, is estimated around 3200 tons per year.•Gamma-oryzanol was found to be predominant bioactive component in the by-products from both rice bran oil processes. By products including filter cake, acid oil, and wax contain are interesting source of nutraceuticals including oryzanol, phytosterol, policosanol compound.•The by-products from rice bran oil manufacture both with solvent and cold pressed production system have the potential to turn from low-value agro waste into high-value functional ingredients for food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical manufacture.

A highly efficient process for reducing the fatty acid (FA) content of high-acid rice bran oil (RBO) was developed by immobilized partial glycerides-selective lipase SMG1-F278N-catalyzed esterification/transesterification using methanol as a novel acyl acceptor. Molecular docking simulation indicated that methanol was much closer to the catalytic serine (Ser-171) compared with ethanol and glycerol, which might be one of the reasons for its high efficiency in the deacidification of high-acid RBO. Additionally, the reaction parameters were optimized to minimize the FA content of high-acid RBO. Under the optimal conditions (substrate molar ratio of methanol to FAs of 1.8:1, enzyme loading of 40 U/g, and at 30 °C), FA content decreased from 25.14 to 0.03% after 6 h of reaction. Immobilized SMG1-F278N exhibited excellent methanol tolerance and retained almost 100% of its initial activity after being used for ten batches. After purification by molecular distillation, the final product contained 97.86% triacylglycerol, 2.10% diacylglycerol, and 0.04% FA. The acid value of the final product was 0.09 mg KOH/g, which reached the grade one standard of edible oil. Overall, methanol was a superior acyl acceptor for the deacidification of high-acid RBO and the high reusability of immobilized SMG1-F278N indicates an economically attractive process.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of rice bran oil emulsion filled gels (EG) substitution for pork back fat on the characteristics of Chinese style semi-dried tilapia sausage (CFS). EG prepared using different gelling agents and processing conditions were used as pork back fat alternate in the CFS. From the results, physical, chemical and microstructural qualities of CFS were governed by the type of EG incorporated. Regarding the overall quality, CFS formulated with carrageenan-EG was classified as an optimal formula. CFS added with carrageenan-EG showed a superior oxidative stability, color preservation, and water holding capacity compared to the control during vacuum packaged storage at room temperature for 20 days. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and microbial quality of both formulae remained in the acceptable level (TBARS < 1 mg/kg and total plate count < 4 log CFU/g) throughout the storage. Therefore, the carrageenan based EG substitution for pork back fat is a promising avenue for the production of the CFS where a high saturated animal fat was substituted by vegetable oil.

Rice is one of the most important crops in Egypt. Due to the gap between the demand and the availability of the local edible oils, there is need to raise the nutritional value of rice and, therefore, to improve the nutritional value of the consumer. This research was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt, during the 2019 and 2020 seasons. Five newly developed genotypes of rice, namely NRL 63, NRL 64, NRL 65, NRL 66, and Giza 178 as check variety (control), were used to evaluate the analytical characterization of raw rice bran and rice bran oil from rice bran, study the genetic variability and genetic advance for various quantitative and qualitative traits in rice as well as, rice bran oil. The genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant variations among the genotypes for all the studied characters. Data revealed that high estimates of the phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV%) and genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV%) were observed for amylose content percentage, peroxide value (meq/kg oil), myristic C14:0, and arachidic C20:0, indicating that they all interacted with the environment to some extent. The line NRL66 and NRL64 showed the highest and high values of mean performance for grain yield (t/h), grain type (shape), amylose content percentage, crude protein, ether extract and ash of milled rice, crude protein, ether extract, ash, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, zinc, and iron of stabilized rice bran oil. Genetic advance as a percentage of mean was high for most of the studied traits. It indicates that most likely, the heritability is due to additive gene effects, and selection may be effective. The percentage of advantage over the Giza 178 as the commercial variety was significant and highly significant among the genotypes for all the characters studied in the two years, indicating that the selection is effective in the genetic improvements for these traits.

Background Nanoemulsions have practical application in a multitude of commercial areas, such as the chemical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Cosmetic industries use rice bran oil in sunscreen formulations, anti ageing products and in treatments for skin diseases. The aim of this study was to create rice bran oil nanoemulsions using low energy emulsification methods and to evaluate their physical stability, irritation potential and moisturising activity on volunteers with normal and diseased skin types. Results The nanoemulsion developed by this phase diagram method was composed of 10% rice bran oil, 10% surfactants sorbitan oleate/PEG-30 castor oil, 0.05% antioxidant and 0.50% preservatives formulated in distilled water. The nanoemulsion was stable over the time course of this study. In vitro assays showed that this formulation has a low irritation potential, and when applied to human skin during in vivo studies, the nanoemulsion improved the skin's moisture and maintained normal skin pH values. Conclusion The results of irritation potential studies and in vivo assessments indicate that this nanoemulsion has potential to be a useful tool to treat skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.