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Vulnerability and resilience to natural hazards
\"In recent years there has been growing recognition that disaster risk cannot be reduced by focusing solely on physical hazards without considering factors that influence socio-economic impact. Vulnerability: the susceptibility to the damaging impacts of hazards, and resilience: the ability to recover, have become popular concepts in natural hazard and risk management. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the concepts of vulnerability and resilience and their application to natural hazards research. With contributions from both physical and social scientists it provides an interdisciplinary discussion of the different types of vulnerability and resilience, the links between them, and concludes with the remaining challenges and future directions of the field. Examining global case studies from the US coast to Austria, this is a valuable reference for researchers and graduate students working in natural hazard and risk reduction from both the natural and social sciences\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Environmental Hazards Methodologies for Risk Assessment and Management
From the beginning of 21st century, there has been an awareness of risk in the environment along with a growing concern for the continuing potential damage caused by hazards.In order to ensure environmental sustainability, a better understanding of natural disasters and their impacts is essential.
eBook
Introduction to international disaster management
This comprehensive overview of global emergency management provides practitioners and students alike with an understanding of the disaster management profession by using a global perspective, including the different sources of risk and vulnerability, the systems that exist to manage hazard risk, and the many stakeholders involved. This update examines the impact of recent large-scale and catastrophic disaster events on countries and communities, as well as their influence on disaster risk reduction efforts worldwide. It expands coverage of small-island developing states and explores the achievements of the United Nations Hyogo Framework for Action (2005-2015) and the priorities for action in the Post-2015 Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction currently under development.
eBook
Guidance, Control and Docking for CubeSat-based Active Debris Removal
While a paradigm shift in space industry has already started involving \"mass production\" of higher standardized, large distributed systems such as constellations, there are no effective solutions existing for the \"mass removal\" of satellites. Many indicators point to a further increase in the space traffic in Earth orbit in the near future, which could imply new dynamics in the evolution of the space debris environment. Even in case of diligent compliance with the Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) mitigation guidelines, the growth in space traffic complicates its management and drastically increases the probability of accidents and system failures. NASA scientist Donald J. Kessler proposed a scenario in which the density of objects in low Earth orbit is high enough that collisions between objects could cause a cascade that renders space unusable for many generations. Therefore, a reliable and affordable capability of removing or servicing non-functional objects is essential to guarantee sustainable access to Earth orbit. Recently, the CubeSat design standard introduced a new class of cost-efficient small spacecraft and thereby offers a potential solution to the active debris removal (ADR) problem. The development of a novel \"CubeSat-compatible\" ADR technology has significant advantages such as the use of commercial off-the-shelf parts, reduced launch cost, and reduced design efforts.This thesis presents –in the frame of an ADR mission– an approach to advanced rendezvous and docking with non-cooperative targets via CubeSat. It covers the design process of simulation systems used for verification purposes, the ideation and implementation of novel guidance, control, and docking techniques, as well as their verification and evaluation. The outcome of this research is a series of validated software tools, processes, technical devices, and algorithms for automated approach and docking, that have been tested in simulation and with prototype hardware.
eBook
Risk analysis and mitigation for perishable food supply chain: a case of dairy industry
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology to analyze the risks present in perishable food supply chain and to determine the most effective risk mitigation strategies. It is achieved by understanding the dynamics between various risks in perishable food supply chain and modeling them using interpretive structural modeling (ISM).
Design/methodology/approach
Four categories and 17 types of risk are established from literature and conducting brainstorming sessions with managers/engineers in Indian dairy firms. A methodology is proposed using ISM, risk priority number and risk mitigation number to prioritize risk mitigation strategy decisions for the dairy industry.
Findings
For a perishable food supply chain, risk positioned at lower levels (levels 1 or 2) in the hierarchy should be targeted first, while formulating mitigation strategies. To investigate further, risk- enabling factors which are identified for an Indian dairy firm for these levels 1 and 2 risks and mitigation strategy prioritization show that supplier side risks are more dominant followed by market risks and process risks.
Research limitations/implications
This proposed methodology has not been statistically validated or empirically tested, and factors taken are in the Indian context, but the authors believe that the study is highly relevant to other markets as well because the ISM-based analysis is for generic perishable food supply chain environment.
Practical implications
This study provides a useful approach to managers/decision makers to identify, analyze and prioritize risk in the supply chain. It also provides insights into the mutual relationships of supply chain risks which would help them to focus on the effective risk mitigation strategies formulation. The study provides the insights to benchmark and risk management in the dairy industry environment with priority considerations.
Originality/value
This paper provides an integrated approach to identifying, quantify, analyze, evaluate and mitigate the risks of perishable food (in the dairy environment) in the Indian context.
Journal Article
Nuclear is not the solution : the folly of atomic power in the age of climate change
\"Breaks any illusions in the hope of nuclear power to create a green energy future\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Natural Infrastructure for Health and Environmental Risk Mitigation
Urban microclimates are facing escalating environmental risks associated with climate change, e.g., extreme heat, flooding, and storm events. These risks result in increased healthcare demands and reduced quality of life, especially among vulnerable populations. Previous conduct of natural urban developments had limited perception of their multifaceted benefits, impacting their adoption in municipal planning. This paper introduces a comprehensive, evidence-based and data-driven decision-making framework to demonstrate how natural and green retrofitting features, including urban greenery and cool urban surfaces, can effectively mitigate extreme environmental risks while promoting significant co-benefits for public health and local economy. The method integrates statistical models for community-level data and localized weather measurements, using non-linear regression and microclimate simulations. This modeling approach investigates the impact of applying natural retrofitting features on environmental and community resilience. The model simulates environmental variables (pollutant dispersion, heat exposure intensity, urban flooding, and wind storms), anticipates community health outcomes (emergency department visits, hospitalizations, etc.) and quantifies reductions in energy consumption. The proposed applications revealed that even modest increases in urban natural covers substantially reduce microclimate ambient temperatures, manage wind speeds, control runoff potential, and decrease heat-related health impacts. Key findings show that expanding natural infrastructure controlled ambient temperatures and reduced heat stress during anticipated heatwaves by more than 11%. The proposed application also controlled flooding and storm peak conditions. Anticipated reductions in health risks were also reported as a result of enhanced urban environments. While limitations exist in terms of correlative predictions, limited variables of study, and the availability of health data, this research offers an adaptable model for future studies on community resilience through natural infrastructure. This decision-making framework gives evidence-based insights into the strategic investment in nature-based solutions for healthier, more sustainable, and resilient cities in the face of increasing climate hazards.
Journal Article