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Surviving a robot revolution
\"Do you spend your time wondering and worrying about the end of the world? Do you have a basement full of canned food, rechargeable batteries and tin foil hats? If so, then this is the series for you. With tips on everything from hiding supplies to attacking your enemies, this series will guide you out the other side of the apocalypse\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
International Legal Regulation of Artificial Intelligence
This study aims to know the international legal regulation of artificial intelligence as one of the outcomes of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and as it affects all fields, especially technical and technological ones. This requires that technicians be informed of the legal aspects of artificial intelligence in order to avoid the negatives that may result from its uses, and to benefit from its positives and advantages. The study concluded that most international and national legislation related to artificial intelligence only addressed its characteristics and role in the contractual field, forgetting the most important aspect, which is the legal regulation of the technical aspect of artificial intelligence. As a double-edged sword, despite its increasing role in most areas of our daily lives, developing it in an irresponsible manner may place the fate of humanity in the hands of a force that does not see things from a human point of view.
Journal Article
The Fifth Industrial Revolution: How Harmonious Human–Machine Collaboration is Triggering a Retail and Service Revolution
•This manuscript draws attention to the dawn of the Fifth Industrial Revolution (5IR) and highlights its potential for addressing a host of issues within retail and service domains.•The authors outline a 2 × 2 framework that categorizes retailers and service providers by their embrace of human–machine collaborations, a key aspect of the 5IR.•The authors outline the 5IR's expanded definition of stakeholders (companies, employees, customers, and society); the merging of digital, physical, and biological technologies in the 5IR promises enhanced well-being for societal actors across the board.•This article establishes a roadmap for how a retail/service (r)evolution is likely to progress and offers a set of key research questions that emerge as a result.
This manuscript draws attention to the dawn of the Fifth Industrial Revolution (5IR) and highlights its potential for addressing a host of issues within retail and service domains. With a retailing and service perspective, the authors outline the meaning of the 5IR, according to a 2 × 2 framework that categorizes retailers and service providers by their embrace of human–machine collaborations. They also propose an expanded definition of stakeholders in the 5IR (companies, employees, customers, and society). Merging digital, physical, and biological technologies promises enhanced well-being for societal actors across the board. By outlining these likely implications of the 5IR for retailing and services, this article establishes a roadmap for how the (r)evolution is likely to progress and offers a set of key research questions that emerge as a result.
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Journal Article
High Precision Reducers for Industrial Robots Driving 4th Industrial Revolution: State of Arts, Analysis, Design, Performance Evaluation and Perspective
New industrial revolution - “The 4th industrial revolution” must be a remarkable milestone for the second decade of the twenty-first century. Many countries are competing to innovate their manufacturing chains for eco-friendly and energy-efficient productions. Although this green or sustainable manufacturing system evolves under the support of cyber-physical system (or digital twin) based on ICT technology, industrial robots also play important roles in this speedy, flexible and effective manufacturing chains. Recently, low-cost industrial robots or collaborative robots, are rising in a highly interactive environment with humans. Although an industrial robot consists of many important components such as mechanical parts (kinematic structure and reducer) and electric parts (servo motor, driver, sensors, and controller), precision reducer takes approximately 25% of material-cost and governs important performance indices of industrial robots. This paper presents review of high precision reducers (HPRs) for industrial robots driving 4th industrial revolution. First, we provide HPRs market along with industrial robots. According to previous studies, HPRs for industrial robots can be classified based on their principles: planetary reducer, cycloid reducer, and harmonic drive (HD). Then, principle, characteristics, and three main performances (hysteresis, rotational transmission error (RTE) and efficiency) of HPRs are discussed. In addition, compensation methods overcoming accuracy limits of HPRs are summarized. Finally, other applications of HPRs except industrial robots are presented.
Journal Article
Personality Traits and Willingness to Use a Robot: Extending Emic/Etic Personality Concept
Examining personality traits can enhance the likelihood of a successful interaction between humans and robots in forthcoming work settings. Employing the emic/etic approach stands out as a crucial method for investigating personality types in the context of future environments. Currently, no study has explored the impact of this approach on individuals’ willingness to engage with a robot. In the present study, our aim is to determine whether emic characteristics can influence the connection between etic traits and the willingness to use a robot. In the current study, 367 male workers participated. All data were collected using valid and reliable questionnaires. The Five-Factor model of personality was regarded as etic personality characteristics, while the moderating roles of technology affinity and STARA were assessed as emic personality characteristics. The analytical process followed the method presented by Hayes et al. for analyzing moderators. Technology affinity, as a primary emic factor, exerts a moderating influence on the association between neuroticism, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and the willingness to use robots. Conversely, STARA serves as a mediator exclusively in the relationship with neuroticism among workers. Notably, extroversion does not exhibit mediation with any of the emic factors. Both emic and etic personality characteristics were recognized as significant facilitators of the inclination to use robots. In addition to technology affinity and STARA, it is advisable to explore new emic traits and their interactive effects with etic personality characteristics.
Journal Article
Industry 5.0 or industry 4.0S? Introduction to industry 4.0 and a peek into the prospective industry 5.0 technologies
The Industrial Revolution can be termed as the transformation of traditional industrial practices into new techniques dominated by the technologies available at that time. The first three industrial revolutions were driven respectively by mechanization, electrification, and automation which had gradually transformed the agrarian economy into a manufacturing-based economy. It helped in enhancing the lifestyle of the factory workers and the healthcare system, which improved the overall quality of living. The industries that adapted to the change witnessed a tremendous increase in the production of goods, competitive advantage, and cross-border business opportunities. While we are currently living to see the fourth industrial revolution (also known as Industry 4.0) unfolding around us, the world is poised for the next big leap, the fifth industrial revolution or Industry 5.0. Hence, the first half of the paper outlines the enabling technologies of Industry 4.0 and conceptualizes how they would act as the foundation for the fifth industrial revolution. The socio-economic challenges of the technologies and the need for Industry 5.0 technologies are also discussed. The second half of the paper outlines the prospective technologies of Industry 5.0, their potential applications from the perspective of industry leaders and scholars and conceptualizes how they can overcome the challenges of Industry 4.0. The definition of “sustainability trilemma” a new term coined by the authors, and the reasoning for calling the next industrial revolution “Industry 4.0S” (another new term) rather than Industry 5.0 are also presented.
Journal Article
Advanced multi-objective trajectory planning for robotic arms using a multi-strategy enhanced NSGA-II algorithm
Facing the problems of large-scale rapid and disorderly loading, the robotic arm has the problems of large start-stop impact, easy to shake, and reduced production efficiency and service life, this paper proposes a robotic arm motion planning method based on the improved multi-objective algorithm called LNSGA-II. Firstly, the artificial potential field method is used to plan the shortest path without collision, extract the key motion sequences, and establish the multi-objective function to improve the operating efficiency of the robotic arm, the smoothness of the motion trajectory, and the reduction of energy consumption. Then to solve the nonlinear constraints in the multi-objective trajectory planning, the infeasibility degree is designed, and the NSGA-II is improved by using the mutation chaos strategy and the dynamic goal-oriented development strategy. Numerical and trajectory planning experiments are conducted successively with the remaining five well-known multi-objective algorithms, and the experimental results demonstrate the superiority of LNSGA-II. Finally, the digital twin platform of MATLAB-CoppeliaSim-UR16e verifies the effectiveness of the method in real grasping tasks.
Journal Article
Digital Twin for a Collaborative Painting Robot
A collaborative painting robot that can be used as an alternative to workers has been developed using a digital twin framework and its performance was demonstrated experimentally. The digital twin of the automatic painting robot simulates the entire process and estimates the paint result before the real execution. An operator can view the simulated process and result with an option to either confirm or cancel the task. If the task is accepted, the digital twin generates all the parameters, including the end effector trajectory of the robot, the material flow to the collaborative robot, and a spray mechanism. This ability means that the painting process can be practiced in a virtual environment to decrease set costs, waste, and time, all of which are highly demanded in single-item production. In this study, the screen was fixtureless and, thus, a camera was used to capture it in a physical environment, which was further analyzed to determine its pose. The digital twin then builds the screen in real-time in a virtual environment. The communication between the physical and digital twins is bidirectional in this scenario. An operator can design a painting pattern, such as a basic shape and/or letter, along with its size and paint location, in the resulting procedure. The digital twin then generates the simulation and expected painting result using the physical twin’s screen pose. The painting results show that the root mean square error (RMSE) of the painting is less than 1.5 mm and the standard deviation of RMSE is less than 0.85 mm. Additionally, the initial benefits of the technique include lower setup costs, waste, and time, as well as an easy-to-use operating procedure. More benefits are expected from the digital twin framework, such as the ability of the digital twin to (1) find a solution when a fault arises, (2) refine the control or optimize the operation, and (3) plan using historic data.
Journal Article
Field crop phenomics: enabling breeding for radiation use efficiency and biomass in cereal crops
Plant phenotyping forms the core of crop breeding, allowing breeders to build on physiological traits and mechanistic science to inform their selection of material for crossing and genetic gain. Recent rapid progress in high throughput techniques based on machine vision, robotics and computing (Plant Phenomics) enables crop physiologists and breeders to quantitatively measure complex and previously intractable traits. By combining these techniques with affordable genomic sequencing and genotyping, machine learning and genome selection approaches, breeders have an opportunity to make rapid genetic progress. This review focusses on how field based plant phenomics can enable next generation physiological breeding in cereal crops for traits related to radiation use efficiency, photosynthesis and crop biomass. These traits have previously been regarded as difficult and laborious to measure but have recently become a focus as cereal breeders find genetic progress from “Green Revolution” traits such as harvest index become exhausted. Application of LiDAR, thermal imaging, leaf and canopy spectral reflectance, chlorophyll fluorescence and machine learning are discussed using wheat and sorghum phenotyping as case studies. A vision of how crop genomics and high-throughput phenotyping could enable the next generation of crop research and breeding is presented. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Journal Article