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Introduction: Locomotor skills in individuals with intellectual disabilities are often underdeveloped, affecting their functional independence and quality of life. Physical exercise programs, particularly those that are therapeutic and structured, are increasingly recognized as effective interventions to address these deficits. Objective: The study investigated the effect of six weeks of therapeutic exercise program to improve locomotor of intellectual disability Methodology: A quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test was employed. Eight students with intellectual disabilities voluntarily participated in the study, with informed consent obtained from their parents. The intervention consisted of six weeks of structured exercises (plank, sit-ups, push-ups, skipping, and jumping jacks), conducted three times per week for 60 minutes per session. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and independent t-tests, with a significance level set at p < 0.05 and effect size measured using Cohen’s d. Discussion: Significant improvements were observed in jumping (t = -2.979, p = 0.021, d = -1.053), push-ups (p = 0.041), and plank (p = 0.041) after the intervention. No significant differences were found between males and females (p > 0.05). The results highlight the program's effectiveness in enhancing locomotor performance and core strength in students with intellectual disabilities. Conclusion: The six-week therapeutic exercise program proved effective in improving locomotor abilities, particularly jumping and core strength, among students with intellectual disabilities. Regular, simple physical activities are recommended to support continuous development and injury prevention in this population. Introducción: Las habilidades locomotoras en personas con discapacidad intelectual suelen estar subdesarrolladas, lo que afecta su independencia funcional y calidad de vida. Los programas de ejercicio físico, especialmente aquellos que son terapéuticos y estructurados, son cada vez más reconocidos como intervenciones eficaces para abordar estas deficiencias. Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los efectos de un programa de ejercicio terapéutico de seis semanas sobre la mejora de las habilidades locomotoras especialmente el salto y la cuerda en estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual. Metodología: Se empleó un diseño cuasi-experimental con pretest y postest. Ocho estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual participaron voluntariamente en el estudio, con el consentimiento informado de sus padres. La intervención consistió en seis semanas de ejercicios estructurados (plancha, abdominales, flexiones, saltos de cuerda y jumping jacks), realizados tres veces por semana durante 60 minutos por sesión. Los datos fueron analizados mediante pruebas t pareadas e independientes, con un nivel de significancia de p < 0.05 y el tamaño del efecto medido con d de Cohen. Discusión: Se observaron mejoras significativas en el salto (t = -2.979, p = 0.021, d = -1.053), flexiones (p = 0.041) y plancha (p = 0.041) después de la intervención. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres (p > 0.05). Los resultados destacan la eficacia del programa para mejorar el rendimiento locomotor y la fuerza central en estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual. Conclusión: El programa de ejercicio terapéutico de seis semanas demostró ser eficaz para mejorar las habilidades locomotoras, en particular el salto y la fuerza del tronco, en estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual. Se recomiendan actividades físicas simples y regulares para apoyar el desarrollo continuo y prevenir lesiones en esta población. Introdução: As capacidades locomotoras das pessoas com deficiência intelectual estão sujeitas a alterações, o que afeta a sua independência funcional e qualidade de vida. Os programas de exercício físico, especialmente os terapêuticos e estruturados, são frequentemente reconhecidos como intervenções eficazes para lidar com estas deficiências. Objectivo: Este estudo teve como objectivo investigar os efeitos de um programa de exercícios terapêuticos de seis semanas para melhorar as capacidades locomotoras, especialmente as de salto e anca, em estudantes com deficiência intelectual. Metodologia: Utilizámos um desenho quase experimental com teste inicial e posterior. Os nossos alunos com deficiência intelectual participarão voluntariamente no estudo, com o consentimento informado dos seus pais. A intervenção consistiu em seis semanas de exercícios estruturados (plancha, abdominais, flexões, saltos para trás e polichinelos), realizados de forma muito rápida durante uma semana, com a duração de 60 minutos por sessão. Os dados foram posteriormente analisados ​​de forma independente, com um nível de significância de p < 0,05 e a magnitude do efeito aplicado foi avaliada com o d de Cohen. Discussão: Observámos melhorias significativas no salto (t = -2,979, p = 0,021, d = -1,053), nas flexões (p = 0,041) e na plancha (p = 0,041) após a intervenção. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre homens e mulheres (p > 0,05). Os resultados afetaram a eficácia do programa para melhorar o desempenho locomotor e a energia central em alunos com deficiência intelectual. Conclusão: O programa de exercícios terapêuticos de seis semanas demonstrou ser eficaz na melhoria das capacidades locomotoras, particularmente no salto e no movimento do tronco, em estudantes com deficiência intelectual. Recomendamos atividades físicas simples e regulares para ajudar a continuar a prevenir lesões nesta população.

Objectives: This study aimed at investigating the effect of intervention through cognitively enhanced motor play, based on visual reversal principles, using the modified Head-Shoulders-Knees-Toes Test (HTKS-R), on the behavioral self-regulation and basic motor skills for preschool children. Design: In this study, sixty children with typical growth whose ages are 5 to 6 years. The experimental group and a control group. The experimental group participated in an intervention program that involved eighteen sessions during six weeks. These sessions included motor play stations that require inhibitory responses to the visual signals (like the response to a different color or shape that is different from the stimulus). The control group practiced ordinary physical activities. Methods: In the methodological phase, the self-regulation was evaluated using the HTKS-R scale, while the motor performance was measured by the test of the standing long jump and the balance tasks. Statistical analysis included the t-test for the correlated samples and the covariance analysis (ANCOVA) and the calculation of the impact volumes. Results: Importantly, the results showed a statistically significant improvement in the experimental group through all variables with big impact sizes. Also, the posttest comparisons and the covariance analysis showed a remarkable superiority in the self-regulation, balancing and jump in favor of the experimental group. Conclusions: The results assert the effectiveness of the activities that integrate the executive functions with the motor play to support the behavioral self-regulation and the skills of jumping and balancing in the stage of early childhood. Objetivos: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el efecto de la intervención a través del juego motor cognitivamente mejorado, basado en principios de reversión visual, utilizando la versión modificada del Test de Cabeza-Hombros-Rodillas-Pies (HTKS-R), sobre la autorregulación conductual y las habilidades motoras básicas en niños de edad preescolar. Diseño: En este estudio, sesenta niños con crecimiento típico cuyas edades son (5-6) años. El grupo experimental y un grupo de control. El grupo experimental participó en un programa de intervención que involucró dieciocho sesiones durante seis semanas. Estas sesiones incluían estaciones de juego motor que requieren respuestas inhibitorias a las señales visuales (como la respuesta a un color o forma diferente que es distinto del estímulo). El grupo de control practicó actividades físicas ordinarias. Métodos: En la fase metodológica, la autorregulación se evaluó utilizando la escala HTKS-R, mientras que el rendimiento motor se midió mediante la prueba de salto de longitud desde una posición estática y las tareas de equilibrio. El análisis estadístico incluyó la prueba t para muestras relacionadas y el análisis de covarianza (ANCOVA) y el cálculo de los volúmenes de impacto. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron una mejora estadísticamente significativa en el grupo experimental a través de todas las variables con grandes tamaños de efecto. Además, las comparaciones postest y el análisis de covarianza mostraron una notable superioridad en la autorregulación, el equilibrio y el salto a favor del grupo experimental. Conclusiones: Los resultados afirman la efectividad de las actividades que integran las funciones ejecutivas con el juego motor para apoyar la autorregulación conductual y las habilidades de saltar y equilibrarse en la etapa de la primera infancia. Objectivos: Este estudo tem como objectivo investigar o efeito da intervenção através do jogo motor cognitivamente melhorado, baseado em princípios de reversão visual, utilizando a versão modificada do Test de Cabeza-Hombros-Rodillas-Pies (HTKS-R), na auto-regulação condutual e nas competências motoras básicas em crianças em idade pré-escolar. Design: Neste estúdio, são crianças com crescimento típico de idades dos 5 aos 6 anos. El grupo experimental e grupo de controlo. O grupo experimental participou num programa de intervenção que envolveu várias sessões durante seis semanas. Estas sessões incluíam estações de jogo motor que requerem respostas inibidoras aos sinais visuais (como a resposta a uma cor ou forma diferente da que é diferente do estímulo). O grupo de controlo praticou atividades físicas ordinárias. Métodos: Na fase metodológica, a autorregulação foi avaliada através da escala HTKS-R, enquanto o rendimento do motor era mediado através do teste de salto de longitude a partir de uma posição estática e das metas de equilíbrio. A análise estadística incluiu o teste para demonstrações relacionadas e a análise de covariza (ANCOVA) e o cálculo dos volumes de impacto. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram uma melhoria estatisticamente significativa no grupo experimental através de todas as variáveis ​​com grandes tamanhos de efeito. Além disso, as comparações posteriores e a análise de covariza mostraram uma notável superioridade na autorregulação, no equilíbrio e no salto a favor do grupo experimental. Conclusões: Os resultados afirmam a eficácia das atividades que integram as funções executivas do jogo motorizado para apoiar a autorregulação condutual e as competências de salto e equilíbrio na etapa da primeira infância.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue examinar la relación entre la autopercepción de las habilidades deportivas y el desempeño en dos patrones básicos fundamentales, saltar a distancia y lanzar por encima del hombro, en personas adultas-jóvenes. Un total de 155 estudiantes universitarios, participaron de manera voluntaria. La percepción de las habilidades deportivas se evaluó utilizando la subescala del instrumento “Perfil de autopercepción para adultos”; además se les evaluó el desempeño en el patrón de saltar a distancia y lanzar por encima del hombro utilizando el “Instrumento para la evaluación de Patrones Básicos de Movimiento”. Al aplicar la técnica de correlación no paramétrica de Spearman, se encontró una relación significativa entre el patrón de saltar y la percepción de las habilidades deportivas (rho = .353; p< .001), no así para el patrón de lanzar (rho = .137; p< .089). Al examinar la relación por sexo, se encontró el mismo comportamiento en los hombres y las mujeres. Considerando, que la percepción motriz y la competencia motriz están relacionados con el nivel de actividad física, fortalecer estos factores, puede ser una estrategia para disminuir los niveles de sedentarismo en la población. Abstract. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between perceived athletic abilities and actual motor performance in two fundamental motor skills, jumping and throwing, in young-adults. A total of 155 university students volunteered to participate and were assessed in the perception of athletic abilities, using the subscale of the instrument \"Self-perception Profile for Adults\"; in addition, the performance in fundamental motor skills for long distance jump and over-arm throw was assessed using the “Test for Fundamental Motor Skills in Adults”. Using Spearman's non-parametric correlation technique, a significant relationship was found between jump and athletic abilities (rho = .353; p <.001), but not for throw (rho = .137; p <.089). When analyzing the relationship by sex, the same behavior was found in men and women. Considering that motor perception and motor competence are related to physical activity levels, strengthening these factors may be a strategy to decrease sedentary lifestyle levels in the population. Abstract. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between perceived athletic abilities and actual motor performance in two fundamental motor skills, jumping and throwing, in young-adults. A total of 155 university students volunteered to participate and were assessed in the perception of athletic abilities, using the subscale of the instrument \"Self-perception Profile for Adults\"; in addition, the performance in fundamental motor skills for long distance jump and over-arm throw was assessed using the “Test for Fundamental Motor Skills in Adults”. Using Spearman's non-parametric correlation technique, a significant relationship was found between jump and athletic abilities (rho = .353; p <.001), but not for throw (rho = .137; p <.089). When analyzing the relationship by sex, the same behavior was found in men and women. Considering that motor perception and motor competence are related to physical activity levels, strengthening these factors may be a strategy to decrease sedentary lifestyle levels in the population. Resumo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi examinar a relação entre a autopercepção das habilidades esportivas e o desempenho em dois padrões fundamentais básicos: salto à distância e arremesso por cima do ombro, em adultos jovens. Participaram voluntariamente 155 estudantes universitários. A percepção das habilidades esportivas foi avaliada utilizando a subescala do instrumento \"Perfil de autopercepção para adultos\"; Além disso, eles foram avaliados quanto ao desempenho no padrão de pular à distância e atirar por cima do ombro usando o “Instrumento para Avaliação de Padrões Básicos de Movimento”. Aplicando a técnica de correlação não paramétrica de Spearman, foi encontrada uma relação significativa entre o padrão de salto e a percepção das habilidades esportivas (rho = 0,335; p <0,001), mas não para o padrão de arremesso (rho = .137; p <0,089). Ao examinar o relacionamento por sexo, o mesmo comportamento foi encontrado em homens e mulheres. Considerando que a percepção motora e a competência motora estão relacionadas ao nível de atividade física, o fortalecimento desses fatores pode ser uma estratégia para diminuir os níveis de sedentarismo na população.

Autora de una obra variopinta que incluye, en el ámbito literario, poemarios, colecciones de relatos y varias novelas, y el ámbito crítico, ensayos, libros y artículos variados, María Rosa Lojo, desde la publicación de su primer libro en 1984, viene ocupando un destacado lugar en las letras argentinas. En la larga lista de su obra ficcional merecen destaque las narrativas casi siempre urdidas en los borrosos límites entre historia y ficción, que en general abordan cuestiones históricas e identitarias asociadas a tránsitos y fronteras. Al borrarse los límites de los géneros tradicionales, con la mezcla de varios tipos de discurso, el diálogo entre las diversas modalidades de narrativas ficcionales e históricas es frecuente. El presente trabajo, a partir de la cartografía de las obras anteriores de María Rosa Lojo en el ámbito ficcional, discute cómo dichas obras transitan en la textura de su última novela, Solo queda saltar (2018) y cómo se efectiva el diálogo intertextual que reitera la presencia de temas y formas usuales en su obra.

About the Authors: Matthew H. Foley Affiliation: Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America ORCID logo http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3116-2040 Sarah O’Flaherty Affiliation: Department of Food, Bioprocessing, & Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America ORCID logo http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8629-0675 Rodolphe Barrangou Affiliation: Department of Food, Bioprocessing, & Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America ORCID logo http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0648-3504 Casey M. Theriot * E-mail: cmtherio@ncsu.edu Affiliation: Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America ORCID logo http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1895-8941 Introduction Research on bile acids has increased dramatically due to recent studies demonstrating their ability to significantly impact the host, microbiome, and various disease states [1–3]. BSH, bile salt hydrolase; CA, cholic acid; CpBSH, C. perfringens BSH; DCA,; TDCA, taurodeoxycholic acid; PDB ID, Protein Data Bank ID. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1007581.g001 Members of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota initiate bile acid metabolism via a critical first step catalyzed by bile salt hydrolases (BSHs) [6]. [...]BSH enzymes are a promising tool for targeted manipulation of the microbiota [8]. Despite their single hydrolytic function, BSHs can be advantageous in various ways. Because some bile acids are toxic molecules due to their acidic nature and detergent-like properties [22, 23], BSH activity has been attributed to the detoxification of these damaging effects [24, 25].

[Sam Saltar] played with big bands such as Stan Kenton, Maynard Ferguson, Ted Weems and Ralph Marterie. He also performed with Milton Berle, Judy Garland, Liberace, Johnny Mathis and Tony Bennett.

Buddhism will be covered by Tibetan monk Konchok Nyandak Lama, a Buddhist scholar and writer, and Donna Denman, co-founder of the Yellow Springs Dharma Center. Lectures begin at 7:30 p.m. and are free and open to the public. For more information, call 433-1636. [Sam Saltar] has performed in the big bands of Stan Kenton, Maynard Ferguson, Ted Weems and Ralph Marterie, and worked with artists such as Liza Minelli, Lucille Ball and Johnny Mathis.

Plants are exposed to a variety of abiotic stresses in nature and exhibit unique and complex responses to these stresses depending on their degree of plasticity involving many morphological, cellular, anatomical, and physiological changes. Phytohormones are known to play vital roles in the ability of plants to acclimatize to varying environments, by mediating growth, development, source/sink transitions and nutrient allocation. These signal molecules are produced within the plant, and also referred as plant growth regulators. Although plant response to salinity depends on several factors; nevertheless, phytohormones are thought to be the most important endogenous substances that are critical in modulating physiological responses that eventually lead to adaptation to salinity. Response usually involves fluctuations in the levels of several phytohormones, which relates with changes in expression of genes involved in their biosynthesis and the responses they regulate. Present review described the potential role of different phytohormones and their balances against salinity stress and summarized the research progress regarding plant responses towards salinity at physiological and molecular levels. We emphasized the role of abscisic acid, indole acetic acid, cytokinins, gibberellic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, jasmonates, ethylene and triazoles in mediating plant responses and discussed their crosstalk at various baseline pathways transduced by these phytohormones under salinity. Current progress is exemplified by the identification and validation of several significant genes that enhanced crops tolerance to salinity, while missing links on different aspects of phytohormone related salinity tolerance are pointed out. Deciphering mechanisms by which plant perceives salinity and trigger the signal transduction cascades via phytohormones is vital to devise salinity related breeding and transgenic approaches.

Cotton is a pioneer of saline land crop, while salt stress still causes its growth inhibition and fiber production decrease. Phenotype identification showed better salt tolerance of a wild diploid cotton species Gossypium klotzschianum. To elucidate the salt-tolerant mechanisms in G. klotzschianum, we firstly detected the changes in hormones, H2O2 and glutathione (GSSH and GSH), then investigated the gene expression pattern of roots and leaves treated with 300 mM NaCl for 0, 3, 12, 48 h, and each time control by RNA-seq on the Illumina-Solexa platform. Physiological determination proved that the significant increase in hormone ABA at 48 h, while that in H2O2 was at 12 h, likewise, the GSH content decrease at 48 h and the GSSH content increase at 48 h, under salt stress. In total, 37,278 unigenes were identified from the transcriptome data, 8,312 and 6,732 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were discovered to be involved in salt stress tolerance in roots and leaves, respectively. Gene function annotation and expression analysis elucidated hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and salt overly sensitive (SOS) signal transduction related genes revealed the important roles of them in signal transmission, oxidation balance and ion homeostasis in response to salinity stress. This is a report which focuses on primary response to highly salty stress (upto 300 mM NaCl) in cotton using a wild diploid Gossypium species, broadening our understanding of the salt tolerance mechanism in cotton and laying a solid foundation of salt resistant for the genetic improvement of upland cotton with the resistance to salt stress.