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IntroductionMobile CT scanners are promising for neurointensive care units (NICUs), but early generations had poor image quality.Aim of StudyWe retrospectively evaluated a state-of-the-art mobile head CT scanner, Somatom On.site (Siemens, Germany), for use in NICUs.MethodsThis retrospective study analysed consecutive patients who underwent head CT scans with the Somatom On.site. Patient characteristics, scan parameters and radiology reports were reviewed. Image quality was assessed subjectively using a 5-point Likert scale. Hounsfield units of air, water and bone were measured in predefined regions of interest.ResultsMobile CT was used for monitoring intracranial haemorrhage (51%), postoperative neurosurgical monitoring (28%), neurological deterioration (14%), bedside monitoring after EVD placement (4%), and ischaemic stroke follow-up (3%). Mobile CT provided adequate image quality and replaced stationary CT in all cases. Overall image quality was given a mean score of 4 points, with 5 points for subarachnoid space delineation and cortico-medullary differentiation. Hounsfield unit measurements were within recommended limits for air, water and bone.ConclusionThe study demonstrates the clinical effectiveness of modern mobile CT scanners in neurointensive care units. The Somatom On.site provides sufficient image quality, saves time and supports timely decision making. The integration of mobile CT scanners in NICUs improves patient care and workflow. Prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and assess the long-term impact in NICUs and other units, such as stroke units.Disclosure of InterestCK serves as consultants for Acandis GmbH (Pforzheim, Germany) and proctor for MicroVention Inc./Sequent Medical (Aliso Viejo, CA, USA).

The essay resume the most recent history of EDXRF, a nondestructive X-Ray fluorescence microanalysis of pigments of paintings used by the help of elemental colour Map and Portable Instrumentation Package: the innovative Implementations employed in the past years in the high resolution of imaging till the perfetto simulation.

IntroductionCardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) parametric mapping is a robust technique to quantify myocardial pathology such as oedema. We sought to evaluate the extent of any sequence or scanner specific changes in T1 and T2 mapping times from previously established local normal ranges following the installation of 3 new CMR scanners in the new Diagnostic Centre at Royal Brompton Hospital.Materials and MethodsHealthy volunteers were scanned in the new 1.5T and 3T Siemens scanners. All subjects underwent T1 mapping using modified Look-Locker inversion recovery MOLLI sequence (using scheme 5s(3s)3s) and T2 mapping as T2-prepared single-shot bSSFP sequence. Segmental and global myocardial values were acquired from short-axis views with 10% endocardial and epicardial offsets using CVI42. Data was analysed in SPSS.ResultsTwenty-four volunteers were scanned at 1.5T (female/male 15/9, age 46.2 ± 14 years) and sixteen at 3T (female/male 6/10, age 38 ± 12 years). There was no significant difference between the new and old T1 values at 1.5T (T1global 1022 ± 20 msec vs 1015 ± 25msec, p=0.430, T1mid septal 1017 ± 29 msec vs 1011 ± 29 msec, p=0.619) and 3T (T1global 1249 ± 21 msec vs 1260 ± 30 msec, p = 0.094, T1mid septal 1265 ± 29 msec vs 1275 ± 29 msec, p =0.191). Similarly, there was agreement between the new and old T2 values in 1.5T (T2global 48.2 ± 2.3 msec, p = 0.109 and T2mid septal48.3 ± 2.2 msec vs 47.3 ± 3.2 msec, p = 0.337) and 3T (T2global 40.0 ± 2.4 msec vs 39 ± 2 msec, p = 0.864 and T2mid septal 42.3 ± 3.8 msec vs 41 ± 2 msec, p = 0.447).ConclusionThis study confirms that T1 and T2 mapping times were not significantly different following recent scanner upgrades within the same institution both through segmental and global analyses. The collection of data on local standard deviation has also facilitated the introduction of Z-scores to clinical reports to aid interpretation of mapping data across multiple field strengths.References Kranzusch R, Aus dem Siepen F, Wiesemann S, Zange L, Jeuthe S, Ferreira da Silva T, et al. Z-score mapping for standardized analysis and reporting of cardiovascular magnetic resonance modified Look-Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) T1 data: Normal behavior and validation in patients with amyloidosis. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2020;22(1):6. Messroghli DR, Moon JC, Ferreira VM, Grosse-Wortmann L, He T, Kellman P, et al. doi: 10.1186/s12968–017–0389–8. Clinical recommendations for cardiovascular magnetic resonance mapping of T1, T2, T2* and extracellular volume: A consensus statement by the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) endorsed by the European Association for Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI). J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2017 Oct 9;19:75.

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Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of intraoral scanners in full-arch scans. Materials and methods A representative model with 14 prepared abutments was digitized using an industrial scanner (reference scanner) as well as four intraoral scanners (iTero, CEREC AC Bluecam, Lava C.O.S., and Zfx IntraScan). Datasets obtained from different scans were loaded into 3D evaluation software, superimposed, and compared for accuracy. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was implemented to compute differences within groups (precision) as well as comparisons with the reference scan (trueness). A level of statistical significance of p  < 0.05 was set. Results Mean trueness values ranged from 38 to 332.9 μm. Data analysis yielded statistically significant differences between CEREC AC Bluecam and other scanners as well as between Zfx IntraScan and Lava C.O.S. Mean precision values ranged from 37.9 to 99.1 μm. Statistically significant differences were found between CEREC AC Bluecam and Lava C.O.S., CEREC AC Bluecam and iTero, Zfx Intra Scan and Lava C.O.S., and Zfx Intra Scan and iTero ( p  < 0.05). Conclusions Except for one intraoral scanner system, all tested systems showed a comparable level of accuracy for full-arch scans of prepared teeth. Further studies are needed to validate the accuracy of these scanners under clinical conditions. Clinical relevance Despite excellent accuracy in single-unit scans having been demonstrated, little is known about the accuracy of intraoral scanners in simultaneous scans of multiple abutments. Although most of the tested scanners showed comparable values, the results suggest that the inaccuracies of the obtained datasets may contribute to inaccuracies in the final restorations.

Zu Rasa Smites und Raitis Smits' VR-Installation Atmospheric Forest Ich betrete einen Bildraum, der hell und dunkel, abstrakt und realistisch, aufgelöst und organisch kompakt zugleich wirkt. In Rasa Smites und Raitis Smits' VR-Installation Atmospheric Forest (2020) geraten wir wie allgemein bekannt, CO2 in Sauerstoffumwandeln, sondern dass sie auch Harz absondern, flüchtige Gase produzieren und sogar CO2 emittieren. Sie bestehen aus verschiedenen chemischen Molekülen, zum Beispiel Monoterpenen, die die Grundlage der bekanntesten, auch von den Menschen geschätzten Pflanzenduftstoffe und -balsame wie Kiefernöl bzw. Ihre Art der Umsetzung ist spekulativ: In Atmospheric Forest Rasa Smites Performance wiederholt nicht nur das extraktivistische Sammeln und Transformieren dieses Rohstoffs in für Menschen nützliche Waren, sondern auch das Aufheizen und Verschmutzen der Atmosphäre.

Intraoral scanners (IOSs) have become increasingly popular in the field of dentistry for capturing accurate digital impressions of patients’ teeth and oral structures. This study investigates the various factors influencing their accuracy. An extensive search of scholarly literature was carried out via PubMed, utilizing appropriate keywords. Factors evaluated in the included studies were categorized into three primary divisions: those related to the operator, the patient, and the IOS itself. The analysis demonstrated that the accuracy of intraoral scanning is influenced by various factors such as scanner selection, operator skill, calibration, patient’s oral anatomy, ambient conditions, and scanning aids. Maintaining updated software and understanding factors beyond scanner resolution are crucial for optimal accuracy. Conversely, smaller IOS tips, fast scanning speeds, and specific scanning patterns compromise the accuracy and precision. By understanding these factors, dental professionals can make more informed decisions and enhance the accuracy of IOSs, leading to improved final dental restorations.

ObjectivesTo assess percent of patients undergoing multiple CT exams that leads to cumulative effective dose (CED) of ≥ 100 mSv and determine their age distribution.MethodsData was retrieved retrospectively from established radiation dose monitoring systems by setting the threshold value of 100 mSv at four institutions covering 324 hospitals. The number of patients with CED ≥ 100 mSv only from recurrent CT exams during a feasible time period between 1 and 5 years was identified. Age and gender distribution of these patients were assessed to identify the magnitude of patients in the relatively lower age group of ≤ 50 years.ResultsOf the 2.5 million (2,504,585) patients who underwent 4.8 million (4,819,661) CT exams during the period of between 1 and 5 years, a total of 33,407 (1.33%) patients received a CED of ≥ 100 mSv with an overall median CED of 130.3 mSv and maximum of 1185 mSv. Although the vast majority (72–86%) of patients are > 50 years of age, nearly 20% (13.4 to 28%) are ≤ 50 years. The minimum time to accrue 100 mSv was a single day at all four institutions, an unreported finding to date.ConclusionsWe are in an unprecedented era, where patients undergoing multiple CT exams and receiving CED ≥ 100 mSv are not uncommon. While underscoring the need for imaging appropriateness, the consideration of the number and percent of patients with high exposures and related clinical necessities creates an urgent need for the industry to develop CT scanners and protocols with sub-mSv radiation dose, a goal that has been lingering.Key Points• We are in an era where patients undergoing multiple CT exams during a short span of 1 to 5 years are not uncommon and a sizable fraction among them are below 50 years of age.• This leads to cumulative radiation dose to individual patients at which radiation effects are of real concern.• There is an urgent need for the industry to develop CT scanners with sub-mSv radiation dose, a goal that has been lingering.

The laser tracker scanning measurement system has the characteristics of portability, non-contact, high precision, and fast scanning speed, and is widely used in the aerospace industry. Due to the inevitable bumps and vibrations during the transportation process of laser trackers in different locations, as well as the frequent measurement and transfer movements during use, the system structure of the T-scan scanning probe may deviate, resulting in a decrease in the point cloud scanning accuracy of the scanning system. The laser tracker ball target measurement system will be regularly evaluated by a professional organization and issued a certificate of qualification, but there is no evaluation procedure for the laser tracker scanning system, and it can only be calibrated by sending it to the manufacturer. For laser tracker scanning systems that work in remote locations for a long time, it is more likely to experience out of tolerance phenomena, but it is difficult to calibrate them back to the manufacturer and the cycle is long, which affects the progress of the project. A method for error determination and scanning calibration of laser tracker T-scan scanning system is proposed to address this issue. Through experimental verification, the calibration results are compared with the measurement results of laser tracker ball target contact and contact type coordinate measuring equipment, and the effect is good. After on-site testing and application, the scanning accuracy has been significantly improved, and it has high engineering application value.