Explore the vast range of titles available.

To compare the impact of the scrotal vs inguinal orchidopexy approach on the testicular function of infants with cryptorchidism, a randomized controlled trial was conducted involving boys who were 6-12 months old at surgery and were diagnosed with clinically palpable, inguinal undescended testis. Between June 2021 and December 2021, these boys at Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fuzhou, China) and Fujian Children's Hospital (Fuzhou, China) were enrolled. Block randomization with a 1:1 allocation ratio was employed. The primary outcome was testicular function assessed by testicular volume, serum testosterone, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and inhibin B (InhB) levels. Secondary outcomes included operative time, amount of intraoperative bleeding, and postoperative complications. Among 577 screened patients, 100 (17.3%) were considered eligible and enrolled in the study. Of the 100 children who completed the 1-year follow-up, 50 underwent scrotal orchidopexy and 50 underwent inguinal orchidopexy. The testicular volume, serum testosterone, AMH, and InhB levels in both groups increased markedly after surgery (all P < 0.05), but there were no apparent differences between groups at 6 months and 12 months after operation (all P > 0.05). No differences between the scrotal and inguinal groups were noted regarding the operative time (P = 0.987) and amount of intraoperative bleeding (P = 0.746). The overall complication rate (2.0%) of the scrotal group was slightly lower than that of the inguinal group (8.0%), although this difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Both scrotal and inguinal orchiopexy exerted protective effects on testicular function in children with cryptorchidism, with similar operative status and postoperative complications. Scrotal orchiopexy is an effective alternative to inguinal orchiopexy in children with cryptorchidism.

In this pictorial essay the authors review the normal sonographic gray-scale and Doppler appearance of the pediatric scrotum with an emphasis on technique. The authors present an update on ultrasound diagnosis and outcomes in testicular torsion and differentiation from other acute scrotal processes, as well as sonographic imaging of testicular microlithiasis and uncommon or atypical scrotal masses including splenogonadal fusion, polyorchidism, meconium peritonitis and epidermoid cyst. Further, the authors discuss testicular neoplasms in the context of testicular microlithiasis.

Glomus tumors are rare, benign neoplasms arising from glomus bodies, primarily located in the subungual region and upper extremities, but uncommonly reported in areas like the scrotum. Here, we describe a unique case of a glomus tumor of the scrotal skin in a 28-year-old male presenting with a two-year history of a painful, gradually enlarging scrotal nodule. Clinical examination revealed a tender oblong nodule, and dermoscopy suggested a benign neoplasm. Imaging and initial biopsy confirmed the lesion as a possible glomus tumor. Remarkably, during biopsy, the tumor spontaneously and completely “popped out”, narrowing the differential diagnosis to glomus tumor, angiolipoma, and epidermoid cyst. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of a glomus tumor, showing classic features including thick-walled blood vessels surrounded by smooth muscle actin-positive cells and a pseudocapsule. Postoperative pain resolution supported the clinical diagnosis. This case highlights the importance of considering glomus tumors in the differential diagnosis of painful scrotal lesions, especially when a mass exhibits spontaneous ejection during manipulation. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a scrotal glomus tumor in Saudi Arabia.

Angiomyofibroblastoma is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor typically found in the genital region of adult females, but its occurrence in the male scrotum is exceptionally uncommon. This report presents two cases of angiomyofibroblastoma in the male scrotum to enhance the understanding of this rare condition. In the first case, a man in his early 60s with a recent rectal cancer diagnosis was found to have a palpable right scrotal mass. Imaging suggested metastasis, but radical resection and pathological analysis confirmed angiomyofibroblastoma, with no evidence of testicular malignancy. The patient remained tumor-free for 7 years. In the second case, a man in his early 40s presented with a nontender, slowly enlarging right inguinal mass extending into the scrotum. Surgical resection revealed a 6 × 4-cm angiomyofibroblastoma, with no recurrence for 7 years. These cases underscore the importance of considering angiomyofibroblastoma in the differential diagnosis of scrotal masses in males. Accurate diagnosis relies on understanding the clinical, imaging, and histopathologic features of angiomyofibroblastoma to ensure appropriate management and favorable outcomes.

This letter describes transplantation of the penis, scrotum, and lower abdominal wall in an injured veteran who had sustained traumatic penile loss from an explosion. It has been more than 1 year since the transplantation, and the patient has near-normal sexual function and major improvement in quality-of-life measures.

Background. In this analysis, we examine the incidence and clearance of external genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among heterosexual males aged 16-24 years. Methods. A total of 1732 males aged 16-24 years old in the placebo arm of a quadrivalent HPV vaccine trial were included in this analysis. Participants were enrolled from 18 countries in Africa, the Asia-Pacific region, Europe, Latin America, and North America. Subjects underwent anogenital examinations and sampling of the penis, scrotum, and perineal/perianal regions. Results. The incidence rate of any HPV DNA genotype 6, 11, 16, and/or 18 detection was 9.0 cases per 100 person-years. Rates of HPV DNA detection were highest in men from Africa. Median time to clearance of HPV genotypes 6, 11, 16, and 18 DNA was 6.1, 6.1, 7.7, and 6.2 months, respectively. Median time to clearance of persistently detected HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 DNA was 6.7, 3.2, 9.2, and 4.7 months, respectively. Conclusion. The study results suggest that the acquisition of HPV 6,11,16, and/or 18 in males is common and that many of these so-called infections are subsequently cleared, similar to findings for women. Nevertheless, given the high rate of HPV detection among young men, HPV vaccination of males may reduce infection in men and reduce the overall burden of HPV-associated disease in the community.

Genital Herpes ZosterA 70-year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis presented with painful, red lesions on the right side of his penis and scrotum and on his inner right thigh and a 1-day history of difficulty urinating.

Varicoceles are relatively common particularly in asymptomatic men and are even more prevalent in subfertile men, representing the most common potentially correctable cause of male infertility. Ultrasound (US) is the imaging modality of choice for varicocele evaluation, but there is no widely accepted consensus on examination technique, diagnostic criteria, or classification. In view of this uncertainty, the guideline writing group (WG) of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) Scrotal and Penile Imaging Working Group (ESUR-SPIWG) undertook a literature review and assessment of the quality of relevant evidence. The group then produced evidence-based recommendations for varicocele US examination, interpretation, and classification by consensus agreement. The results are presented in the form of 15 clinical questions with a brief summary of the relevant evidence and the authorised recommendations from the SPIWG. This paper provides a short summary of the evidence evaluation and the complete recommendations.Key Points• Varicocele is a common clinical problem; it is highly prevalent amongst subfertile men and the most common potentially correctable cause of male infertility.• Ultrasound is the imaging modality of choice for varicocele assessment, but there is no generally agreed consensus on the US examination technique or the criteria that should be used for diagnosis, grading, and classification.• This paper summarises the recommendations of the ESUR-SPIWG for standardising the US assessment of varicoceles. This includes examination technique, image interpretation, classification, and reporting.

Since the scrotum is rarely exposed to sunlight, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) development in this area is an uncommon occurrence. As result, there is a scarcity of research covering this particular presentation, which poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for clinicians. The objective of this systematic review is to provide a thorough overview of scrotal BCC, including a summary of its clinical characteristics, and microscopic subtypes. It also seeks to discuss the many techniques used in the management of this uncommon clinical presentation. Utilizing data from 1957 to October 2023, a systematic review of PubMed and Wiley Online Library was conducted to identify all cases of scrotal BCC with various presentations and managements. A total of 73 patients were included. The median patient age was 65.9 years (range 42 to 87). All studies were either case reports or case series. Our review shows that treatment with Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS), leads to a superior patient outcome based on anecdotal evidence in select cases. To deepen our understanding of Mohs surgery’s efficacy in treating scrotal BCC, it is imperative to conduct more robust research in the form of randomized clinical trials.

Background An angiomyofibroblastoma (AMF) is a rare tumor that primarily occurs in the vulva of women. AMF rarely occurs in the inguinal region and scrotum of men. Case presentation A 59-year-old male was admitted to the hospital for evaluation of left scrotal enlargement for 2 years. A physical examination revealed no elevation in the bilateral renal or suprapubic region. The bladder was located below the pubic bone and was non- tender without pressure. Auscultation revealed no abnormalities in the right or left renal regions. The left scrotum was enlarged with a palpable mass measuring 25 × 15 cm in size. The mass was characterized by a tough, smooth surface with a clear boundary. The left testis was not palpable and the transillumination test result was negative. Magnetic resonance imaging included an abnormal signal in the scrotum, which was consistent with a space-occupying germ cell tumor but other diagnoses could not be ruled out. The preoperative preparation indicated no contraindications to surgery. Under lumbar anesthesia, the left scrotal lesion was resected. The postoperative pathologic evaluation confirmed an AMF. Currently, the patient has recovered fully without complications. Conclusion A large-sized AMF is relatively rare in the male scrotum, but reported in this case. A scrotal AMF often has an oval shape with no palpable pain. Imaging techniques can facilitate the hypervascular status of an AMF and pathologic findings can establish the diagnosis. However, reports of scrotal AMF are limited. A more thorough understanding should be achieved with additional cases and long-term follow-up.