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"security management"
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Building a comprehensive IT security program : practical guidelines and best practices
This book explains the ongoing war between private business and cyber criminals, state-sponsored attackers, terrorists, and hacktivist groups. Further, it explores the risks posed by trusted employees that put critical information at risk through malice, negligence, or simply making a mistake. It clarifies the historical context of the current situation as it relates to cybersecurity, the challenges facing private business, and the fundamental changes organizations can make to better protect themselves. The problems we face are difficult, but they are not hopeless. Cybercrime continues to grow at an astounding rate. With constant coverage of cyber-attacks in the media, there is no shortage of awareness of increasing threats. Budgets have increased and executives are implementing stronger defenses. Nonetheless, breaches continue to increase in frequency and scope. Building a Comprehensive IT Security Program shares why organizations continue to fail to secure their critical information assets and explains the internal and external adversaries facing organizations today. This book supplies the necessary knowledge and skills to protect organizations better in the future by implementing a comprehensive approach to security. Jeremy Wittkop's security expertise and critical experience provides insights into topics such as: Who is attempting to steal information and why? What are critical information assets? How are effective programs built? How is stolen information capitalized? How do we shift the paradigm to better protect our organizations? How we can make the cyber world safer for everyone to do business?
Information Security Policy Compliance: An Empirical Study of Rationality-Based Beliefs and Information Security Awareness
by
Benbasat, Izak
,
Cavusoglu, Hasan
,
Bulgurcu, Burcu
in
Attitudes
,
Betriebliches Informationssystem
,
Compliance
2010
Many organizations recognize that their employees, who are often considered the weakest link in information security, can also be great assets in the effort to reduce risk related to information security. Since employees who comply with the information security rules and regulations of the organization are the key to strengthening information security, understanding compliance behavior is crucial for organizations that want to leverage their human capital. This research identifies the antecedents of employee compliance with the information security policy (ISP) of an organization. Specifically, we investigate the rationality-based factors that drive an employee to comply with requirements of the ISP with regard to protecting the organization's information and technology resources. Drawing on the theory of planned behavior, we posit that, along with normative belief and self-efficacy, an employee's attitude toward compliance determines intention to comply with the ISP. As a key contribution, we posit that an employee's attitude is influenced by benefit of compliance, cost of compliance, and cost of noncompliance, which are beliefs about the overall assessment of consequences of compliance or noncompliance. We then postulate that these beliefs are shaped by the employee's outcome beliefs concerning the events that follow compliance or noncompliance: benefit of compliance is shaped by intrinsic benefit, safety of resources, and rewards, while cost of compliance is shaped by work impediment; and cost of noncompliance is shaped by intrinsic cost, vulnerability of resources, and sanctions. We also investigate the impact of information security awareness (ISA) on outcome beliefs and an employee's attitude toward compliance with the ISP. Our results show that an employee's intention to comply with the ISP is significantly influenced by attitude, normative beliefs, and self-efficacy to comply. Outcome beliefs significantly affect beliefs about overall assessment of consequences, and they, in turn, significantly affect an employee's attitude. Furthermore, ISA positively affects both attitude and outcome beliefs. As the importance of employees' following their organizations' information security rules and regulations increases, our study sheds light on the role of ISA and compliance-related beliefs in an organization's efforts to encourage compliance.
Journal Article
The Utility of Information Security Training and Education on Cybersecurity Incidents: An empirical evidence
2021
As recent cyber-attacks have been increasing exponentially, the importance of security training for employees also has become growing ever than before. In addition, it is suggested that security training and education be an effective method for discerning cyber-attacks within academia and industries. Despite the importance and the necessity of the training, prior study did not investigate the quantitative utility of security training in an organizational level. Due to the absence of referential studies, many firms are having troubles in making decisions with respect to arranging optimal security training programs with limited security budgets. The main objective of this study is to find out a relationship between cybersecurity training and the number of incidents of organizations. Thus, this study quantified the effectiveness of security training on security incidents as the first study. This research examined the relationship among three main factors; education time, education participants, and outsourcing with numbers of cybersecurity incidents. 7089 firm level data is analyzed through Poisson regression method. Based on analysis results, we found that the negative relationship between security trainings and the occurrence of cybersecurity incidents. This study sheds light on the role of security training and education by suggesting its positive association with reducing the number of incidents in organizations from the quantitative perspective. The result of this study can be used as a referential guide for information security training decision-making procedure in organizations.
Journal Article
Practical information security management : a complete guide to planning and implementation
\"Create appropriate, security-focused business propositions that consider the balance between cost, risk, and usability, while starting your journey to become an information security manager. Covering a wealth of information that explains exactly how the industry works today, this book focuses on how you can set up an effective information security practice, hire the right people, and strike the best balance between security controls, costs, and risks.\"--Back cover.
Why Employees (Still) Click on Phishing Links: An Investigation in Hospitals
by
Westmattelmann, Daniel
,
Bruckes, Maike
,
Jalali, Mohammad S
in
Attitudes
,
Behavior
,
Clinical decision making
2020
Hospitals have been one of the major targets for phishing attacks. Despite efforts to improve information security compliance, hospitals still significantly suffer from such attacks, impacting the quality of care and the safety of patients.
This study aimed to investigate why hospital employees decide to click on phishing emails by analyzing actual clicking data.
We first gauged the factors that influence clicking behavior using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and integrating trust theories. We then conducted a survey in hospitals and used structural equation modeling to investigate the components of compliance intention. We matched employees' survey results with their actual clicking data from phishing campaigns.
Our analysis (N=397) reveals that TPB factors (attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control), as well as collective felt trust and trust in information security technology, are positively related to compliance intention. However, compliance intention is not significantly related to compliance behavior. Only the level of employees' workload is positively associated with the likelihood of employees clicking on a phishing link.
This is one of the few studies in information security and decision making that observed compliance behavior by analyzing clicking data rather than using self-reported data. We show that, in the context of phishing emails, intention and compliance might not be as strongly linked as previously assumed; hence, hospitals must remain vigilant with vulnerabilities that cannot be easily managed. Importantly, given the significant association between workload and noncompliance behavior (ie, clicking on phishing links), hospitals should better manage employees' workload to increase information security. Our findings can help health care organizations augment employees' compliance with their cybersecurity policies and reduce the likelihood of clicking on phishing links.
Journal Article
Information security management in SMEs: factors of success
by
Sklenár, David
,
Mura, Ladislav
,
Ključnikov, Aleksandr
in
Security management
,
Small & medium sized enterprises-SME
,
Success
2019
While the consecutive metamorphoses in the world economy changes the paradigm of doing business, the sources of success of almost every type of business transfer from tangible to intangible assets, and the information and its value becomes more and more significant, especially in the segment of small and medium sized enterprises. The aim of this paper was to identify the factors of success of information security management in segment of SMEs in Slovakia. Based on the literature research we identified 4 main factors of success of information security management, including the Compliance of information security management with the company's business activities, Support of top management, Security controls and Organizational awareness. To identify the importance and interconnections of the specified factors we have addressed senior IT security experts from SMEs in Slovakia. The experts evaluated the significance and relationships the factors of success of information security management and the results of the expert evaluation were processed using the DEMATEL technique. The results of the research show that the Security Controls and Supportive top management are the most important factors in general, while the factor of organizational awareness is the most obvious and important in the short-term period. Our results imply that SMEs should promote organizational awareness in information security management in line with implementation of the security controls at the first line of the defense.
Journal Article
The Association Between the Disclosure and the Realization of Information Security Risk Factors
by
Kannan, Karthik N.
,
Ulmer, Jackie Rees
,
Wang, Tawei
in
Analysis
,
Annual reports
,
Business structures
2013
Firms often disclose information security risk factors in public filings such as 10-K reports. The internal information associated with disclosures may be positive or negative. In this paper, we evaluate how the nature of the disclosed security risk factors, believed to represent the firm's internal information regarding information security, is associated with future breach announcements reported in the media. For this purpose, we build a decision tree model, which classifies the occurrence of future security breaches based on the textual contents of the disclosed security risk factors. The model is able to accurately associate disclosure characteristics with breach announcements about 77% of the time. We further explore the contents of the security risk factors using text-mining techniques to provide a richer interpretation of the results. The results show that the disclosed security risk factors with risk-mitigation themes are less likely to be related to future breach announcements. We also investigate how the market interprets the nature of information security risk factors in annual reports. We find that the market reaction following the security breach announcement is different depending on the nature of the preceding disclosure. Thus, our paper contributes to the literature in information security and sheds light on how market participants can better interpret security risk factors disclosed in financial reports at the time when financial reports are released.
Journal Article