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Biogenic nanoparticles of elemental selenium : synthesis, characterization and relevance in wastewater treatment
Selenium is an intriguing element as on one hand it is toxic and on the other hand it is a necessary micro-nutrient for humans. It is also a desirable element due to its unique properties and hence it is used in xerography, rectifiers, solar cells etc. This study demonstrates that extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are capping the BioSeNPs and thus providing them colloidal stability and hence mobility, which is in contrast to our conventional understanding on the role of EPS in metal(loid) nanoparticles mobility.
Book
Selenium Biofortification Effect on Glucosinolate Content of IBrassica oleracea/I var. Iitalic/I and IEruca vesicaria/I
Glucosinolates (GSLs) in different plant parts of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italic) and rocket (Eruca vesicaria) were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively before and after treatment with sodium selenate (2 and 5 mM), by their desulfo-counterparts using the UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS technique. Twelve GSLs were detected in broccoli (five aliphatic, one arylaliphatic, and six indolic), where 4-(methylsulfanyl)butyl GSL (glucoerucin) was the main one in the roots (4.88–9.89 µmol/g DW), 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl GSL (glucoraphanin) in stems (0.44–1.11 µmol/g DW), and 4-hydroxyindol-3-ylmethyl GSL (4-hydroxyglucobrassicin) in leaves (0.51–0.60 µmol/g DW). No GSL containing selenium was detected in the treated broccoli. Ten GSLs were detected in rocket (seven aliphatic and three indolic), where 4-(methylsulfanyl)butyl GSL (glucoerucin) was the main one in the roots (4.50–20.59 µmol/g DW) and 4-methoxyindol-3-ylmethyl GSL (4-methoxyglucobrassicin) in the aerial part (0.57–5.69 µmol/g DW). As a result of induced stress by selenium fertilization, the total GSL content generally increased in both plants. In contrast to broccoli, the roots and the aerial part of the rocket treated with a high concentration of sodium selenate contained 4-(methylseleno)butyl GSL (glucoselenoerucin) (0.36–4.48 µmol/g DW). Although methionine-derived GSLs are the most abundant in both plants, the plants’ ability to tolerate selenate and its regulation by selenoglucosinolate production is species- and growth-stage-dependent.
Journal Article
Uptake behavior of .sup.73As, .sup.75Se, .sup.197mHg, .sup.212Pb and .sup.210Po on Eichrom pre-filter resin from HCl and HNO.sub.3
The extraction of .sup.73As, .sup.75Se, .sup.197mHg, .sup.212Pb and .sup.210Po on Eichrom pre-filter resin was studied in HCl and HNO.sub.3 with batch uptake, kinetic and column experiments. There was significant extraction of mercury in HNO.sub.3 and HCl, and polonium and selenium in HCl. The kinetics are sufficient to allow for retention on pre-filter columns, and separations of .sup.73As from .sup.75Se and .sup.197mHg, and .sup.212Pb from .sup.210Po are demonstrated. This retention is important for the development of chemical separations as pre-filter resin is commonly used alongside extraction chromatography resins but its potential for uptake of metal ions is not well characterized.
Journal Article
Selenium nanoparticles: potential in cancer gene and drug delivery
In recent decades, colloidal selenium nanoparticles have emerged as exceptional selenium species with reported chemopreventative and therapeutic properties. This has sparked widespread interest in their use as a carrier of therapeutic agents with results displaying synergistic effects of selenium with its therapeutic cargo and improved anticancer activity. Functionalization remains a critical step in selenium nanoparticles' development for application in gene or drug delivery. In this review, we highlight recent developments in the synthesis and functionalization strategies of selenium nanoparticles used in cancer drug and gene delivery systems. We also provide an update of recent preclinical studies utilizing selenium nanoparticles in cancer therapeutics.
Journal Article
Selenium biomineralization for biotechnological applications
•Biomineralization enables recovery of the scarce element selenium as Se0 and metal selenides.•An integrated treatment strategy is needed to achieve the selenium discharge limit <5μg l–1.•Polluted waters are a potential selenium resource for recovery.•Selenium has a multitude of functions in health, environment, and nanotechnology.
Selenium (Se) is not only a strategic element in high-tech electronics and an essential trace element in living organisms, but also a potential toxin with low threshold concentrations. Environmental biotechnological applications using bacterial biomineralization have the potential not only to remove selenium from contaminated waters, but also to sequester it in a reusable form. Selenium biomineralization has been observed in phylogenetically diverse microorganisms isolated from pristine and contaminated environments, yet it is one of the most poorly understood biogeochemical processes. Microbial respiration of selenium is unique because the microbial cells are presented with both soluble (SeO42– and SeO32–) and insoluble (Se0) forms of selenium as terminal electron acceptor. Here, we highlight selenium biomineralization and the potential biotechnological uses for it in bioremediation and wastewater treatment.
Journal Article
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Selenium Nanoparticles–IBacillus/I sp. MKUST-01 Exopolysaccharide Conjugate for Biomedical Applications
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are exogenous microbial metabolites generated predominantly during the development of bacteria. They have several biological potentials, including antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer actions. Polysaccharide-coated nanoparticles have high biological activity and are used in treatments and diagnostics. In this research, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are synthesized and conjugated with bacterial (Bacillus sp. MKUST-01) exopolysaccharide (EPS). Initially, the creation of SeNPs conjugates was verified through UV–Vis spectral examination, which exhibited a prominent peak at 264 nm. Additionally, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis further substantiated the existence of crystalline Se, as evidenced by a robust reflection at 29.78°. Another reflection observed at 23.76° indicated the presence of carbon originating from the EPS. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis of the EPS capped with SeNPs displayed characteristic peaks at 3425 cm[sup.−1], 2926 cm[sup.−1], 1639 cm[sup.−1], and 1411 cm[sup.−1], corresponding to the presence of O-H, C-H, C=O, and COO–groups. The SeNPs themselves were found to possess elongated rod-shaped structures with lengths ranging from 250 to 550 nm and a diameter of less than 70 nm, as confirmed using scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. In contrast to the SeNPs, the SeNPs–EPS conjugates showed no hemolytic activity. The overall antioxidant activity of SeNPs–EPS conjugates outperformed 20% higher than SeNPs and EPS. Additionally, experimental observations involving gnotobiotic Artemia nauplii experiments were also recorded, such as the supplementation of EPS and SeNPs–EPS conjugates corresponding to enhanced growth and increased survival rates compared to Artemia nauplii fed with SeNPs and a microalgal diet.
Journal Article