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Usability of hospital information systems (HIS) is critical for workflow efficiency, user satisfaction, and safe clinical practice. Comparative evaluations of legacy desktop-based HIS and newer web-based platforms remain limited, particularly during the real-world digital transition. This study aimed to compare the usability of the legacy Iranian Hospital Information System (IHIS) and the newly implemented web-based Sepid system in the Inpatient Admission and Radiology modules of a teaching hospital in Mashhad, Iran. This convergent parallel mixed-methods study was conducted from July to September 2025 at Qaem Educational and Research Hospital. In the qualitative phase, eight expert evaluators conducted heuristic evaluations based on Nielsen's ten usability heuristics. In the quantitative phase, 34 end-users with routine experience using both systems completed the System Usability Scale (SUS). Qualitative findings were thematically consolidated, and quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired comparative tests. Heuristic evaluation showed that Sepid's main usability problems were related to system performance, external database integration, and error messaging, whereas IHIS demonstrated more fundamental interface-related limitations, including visual clutter, weak flexibility, and lack of undo/redo functionality. Quantitatively, Sepid achieved a higher mean SUS score than IHIS (66.25 vs. 51.99). For Sepid, 4 users (11.8%) rated usability as unacceptable, 17 (50.0%) as marginal, and 13 (38.2%) as acceptable. For IHIS, the corresponding values were 12 (35.3%), 19 (55.9%), and 3 (8.8%), respectively. The between-system difference in SUS scores was statistically significant (  < 0.001). Although Sepid outperformed IHIS, both systems remained within the marginal usability range. The findings indicate that HIS improvement should prioritize user-centered interface redesign, stronger error prevention, better interoperability with external databases, and continuous user training. These results may guide developers, hospital managers, and policymakers in improving HIS design and implementation during the digital transition.

The Sepid-Sarve copper deposit is part of an Eocene volcano-sedimentary sequence located in the southern Sabzevar Zone. The copper mineralization occurs at the contact between pyroclastic and lava units with various limestone layers (including marly, Nummulitic, sandy, and clastic limestones). The ore minerals consist of malachite, azurite, chalcocite, digenite, cuprite, tenorite, covellite, and occasionally native copper. The associated hydrothermal fluids show moderate to high salinities, ranging from 3.08 to 13.38 wt.% NaCl equivalent, with homogenization temperatures between 90 and 356 °C, indicating fluid mixing during ore formation. Chalcocite is rarely accompanied by quartz, suggesting low silica content in the ore-forming fluids. The δ34S values of sulfide samples from the Sepid-Sarve deposit range from −23.9 ± 0.3‰ to −2.9 ± 0.2‰, while δ34S values of hydrothermal H2S range from −24.1 ± 0.3‰ to −21.0 ± 0.3‰. The δ18O values of hydrothermal fluids associated with mineralization fall within the range of basaltic rocks, meteoric waters, and sedimentary rocks. Geochemical variations in major and trace elements suggest the involvement of continental crustal contamination in the magmatic evolution. The studied volcanic rocks fall within the calc-alkaline to shoshonitic fields, formed in a continental arc setting, and are derived from an enriched mantle source influenced by subduction-related fluids. These rocks are characterized by HREE depletion, moderate LREE enrichment, and a weak negative Eu anomaly. Based on the results, the Sepid-Sarve deposit is classified as a stratabound (Manto-type) copper sulfide deposit, formed in a volcano-sedimentary setting associated with a subduction-related magmatic arc environment.

Only later, after talking with police, did Johnson learn that a witness had seen the gunman fire at a car that was parked on the shoulder of the highway.