Explore the vast range of titles available.

Advances in information technologies present opportunities for novel approaches, methods, and tools for new or improved education and training practices. Furthermore, these technologies are enabling a shift in the education paradigm. Based on an investigation of a wide range of information technologies supporting smart education, we developed a Smart Education Framework. The framework conceptually structures the information technologies in a layered architecture. We also developed a smart education design approach based on the framework. Furthermore, we show how to use the framework and design approach to develop a specific course or lecture design. To validate the smart education framework, we examined smart education systems reported in the literature. To identify smart education systems, we conducted a systematic literature search. The literature search results show that the smart education framework has the ability to describe smart education systems. This study contributes to the current literature with a smart education framework. The smart education framework will guide future smart education system designs.

[Purpose/Significance] Smart libraries are an important component of the construction plan for the public cultural system for the smart society and at the national level. However, in the development process of smart libraries, there are security issues such as data leaks, interruptions, attacks, and tampering in data storage and transmission, smart services, and user privacy, leading to a decrease in the user experience of smart libraryies and a lack of trust in library services. Utilizing the technological advantages of blockchain to build a security protection system for smart libraries can solve security issues such as big data, smart services, and user interaction, forming a well documented security protection system for smart libraries. [Method/Process] This article provides a detailed analysis of the contradictions between smart library services and security protection. It is found that there are three major contradictions: data freedom and openness and data security protection, user behavior analysis and user privacy data protection, and dynamic editing and static protection of smart services. Based on this, the possibility and technical support of blockchain to solve the above contradictions was analyzed. Then, based on the provisions of the Data Security Law of the People's Republic of China, combined with the uniqueness and security risks of smart library services, the four principles of smart library security management were established, namely classification and grading, and a dynamic, editable, and evaluatable system. Finally, based on the constituent elements of a smart library, including people, resources, space, and its operational process, a security guarantee system for a smart library was constructed, covering basic layer, data layer, service layer, interactive application layer, and evaluation layer. [Results/Conclusions] The smart library blockchain security framework model is data-driven, relying on the advantages of blockchain technology such as decentralization, distributed storage, trust mechanism, consensus mechanism, smart contracts, timestamps, record operation traces, data traceability, and asset authentication, to achieve terminal security detection response at the basic layer, data-driven at the data layer, risk correlation analysis at the service layer, and user privacy protection at the application layer The closed-loop management of the evaluation layer can effectively ensure the authenticity, integrity, and security of smart library data, build a safe and trustworthy environment for smart library services, and achieve secure management of smart libraries, secure transmission and traceable digital resources, improved user experience, and sustainable development. However, the application of blockchain technology is not achieved overnight. Although the application of some levels or links has been carried out, the application of the complete system needs to be promoted, and the operational exploration at the practical level needs to be further verified.

To inform governmental discussions on the nature of a revised Strategic Plan for Biodiversity of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), we reviewed the relevant literature and assessed the framing of the 20 Aichi Biodiversity Targets in the current strategic plan. We asked international experts from nongovernmental organizations, academia, government agencies, international organizations, research institutes, and the CBD to score the Aichi Targets and their constituent elements against a set of specific, measurable, ambitious, realistic, unambiguous, scalable, and comprehensive criteria (SMART based, excluding time bound because all targets are bound to 2015 or 2020). We then investigated the relationship between these expert scores and reported progress toward the target elements by using the findings from 2 global progress assessments (Global Biodiversity Outlook and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services). We analyzed the data with ordinal logistic regressions. We found significant positive relationships (p < 0.05) between progress and the extent to which the target elements were perceived to be measurable, realistic, unambiguous, and scalable. There was some evidence of a relationship between progress and specificity of the target elements, but no relationship between progress and ambition. We are the first to show associations between progress and the extent to which the Aichi Targets meet certain SMART criteria. As negotiations around the post-2020 biodiversity framework proceed, decision makers should strive to ensure that new or revised targets are effectively structured and clearly worded to allow the translation of targets into actionable policies that can be successfully implemented nationally, regionally, and globally. Para informar las discusiones gubernamentales sobre la naturaleza de una revisión del Plan Estratégico para la Biodiversidad del Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica (CBD, en inglés), revisamos la literatura relevante y evaluamos el marco de 20 Objetivos de Biodiversidad de Aichi en el plan estratégico actual. Le pedimos a expertos internacionales de organizaciones no gubernamentales, de la academia, de agencias gubernamentales, organizaciones internacionales, de institutos de investigación y de la CBD que puntuaran los Objetivos de Aichi y sus elementos constituyentes frente a un conjunto de criterios específicos, medibles, ambiciosos, realistas (basados en SMART [las iniciales en inglés] y excluyendo aquellos limitados por el tiempo, pues todos los objetivos están limitados al 2015 o al 2020), inequívocos, expansibles y completos (excluyendo aquellos limitados por el tiempo). Después investigamos la relación entre los puntajes de estos expertos y el progreso reportado hacia los elementos objetivo usando los resultados de dos valoraciones mundiales del progreso (el Pronóstico Mundial de la Biodiversidad y la Plataforma Intergubernamental de Ciencia y Política sobre la Biodiversidad y los Servicios Ambientales). Analizamos los datos con regresiones logísticas ordinales. Encontramos relaciones positivas significativas (p < 0.05) entre el progreso y el alcance al que fueron percibidos como medibles, realistas, inequívocos y expansibles los elementos objetivo. Hubo algo de evidencia de la relación entre el progreso y la ambición. Somos los primeros en mostrar las asociaciones entre el progreso y la extensión hasta la que los Objetivos de Aichi cumplen con ciertos criterios SMART. Conforme proceden las negociaciones en torno al marco de trabajo de biodiversidad post-2020, quienes toman las decisiones deberían esforzarse por asegurar que los objetivos nuevos o revisados estén estructurados efectivamente y redactados claramente para permitir la traducción de los objetivos hacia políticas factibles que puedan implementarse exitosamente a nivel nacional, regional y mundial.

With new technologies coming to the market, the Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the technologies that has gained exponential rise by facilitating Machine to Machine (M2M) communication and bringing smart devices closer to end users. By 2025, it is expected that IoT will bring together 78.4 billion of devices, thus improving the quality of life beyond our imagination; however, there are multiple potential challenges, such as the exploitation of energy consumption and the huge data traffic being generated by smart devices causing congestion and utilizing more bandwidth. Various researchers have provided an alternative to this problem by performing offloading of data, the task and computational requirements of an application at edge and fog nodes of IoT, thus helping to overcome latency issues for critical applications. Despite the importance of an offloading approach in IoT, there is need for a systematic, symmetric, comprehensive, and detailed survey in this field. This paper provides a systematic literature review (SLR) on data offloading approaches in IoT network at edge and fog nodes in the form of a classical taxonomy in order to recognize the state-of-the art mechanism(s) associated with this important topic and provide open consideration of issues as well. All of the research on classified offloading approaches done by researchers is compared with each other according to important factors such as performance metrics, utilized techniques, and evaluation tools, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Finally, an efficient smart architecture-based framework is proposed to handle the symmetric data offloading issues.

Stimuli‐responsive structural transformations are emerging as a scaffold to develop a charming class of smart materials. A EuL metal‐organic framework (MOF) undergoes a reversible temperature‐stimulated single‐crystal to single‐crystal transformation, showing a specific behavior of fast capture/release of free Eu3+ in the channels at low and room temperatures. At room temperature, compound 1a is obtained with one free carboxylate group severing as further hook, featuring one‐dimensional square channels filled with intrinsic free europium ions. Trigged by lowering the ambient temperature, 1b is gained. In 1b, the intrinsic free europium ions can be fast captured by the carboxylate‐hooks anchored in the framework, resulting in the structural change and its channel distortion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such a rapid and reversible switch stemming from dynamic control between noncovalent and covalent Eu–ligand interactions. Utilizing EuL MOF to detect highly explosive 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol at room temperature and low temperature provides a glimpse into the potential of this material in fluorescence sensors. A new EuL MOF undergoes a reversible single‐crystal to single‐crystal transformation, featuring a fast capture and release of free Eu3+ ions in the channels at low and room temperatures. Such rapid and reversible dynamic control between noncovalent and covalent Eu‐ligand interactions has the potential to develop smart materials.

Goal-setting is fundamental to organisational management, yet not every manager knows how to do it well. A narrative literature review was done to explore current knowledge of definitions and classifications of goals, and principles of goal-setting in the healthcare sector. Online databases generated 65 relevant articles. Additional literature sources were snowballed from referenced articles, and textbooks. Most academic authors define ‘goal’ synonymously as ‘aim’ or ‘objective’, but there is evidence of hermeneutical confusion in general literature. Goal classifications are diverse, differing according to their contextual, structural, functional, and temporal characteristics. Many authors agree that goal-setting is problem-based, change-oriented, and can effectively motivate attainment if the goal statement is formulated with a specific and challenging or SMART framework. However, recent authors report varying definitions for SMART, and evidence of past studies that empirically examined the nature and efficacy of frameworks currently used for formulating goal statements for health programmes are lacking.

The environmental justice (EJ) movement has evolved over five decades, encapsulating diverse theories, principles, frameworks, and practices. Despite considerable advancements in this field, the nuances of EJ in the Anthropocene era, along with its monitoring and evaluation, remain ambiguous. This paper endeavors to bridge this gap by amalgamating more than 200 review and empirical articles and theoretical literature to delve into a comprehensive exploration of the EJ discourse to date, utilizing the Planetary Justice Research Framework (PJRF). First, we build on the existing knowledge by using three dimensions of EJ from the PJRF, acknowledging historical legacies, and explaining them with practical examples. Second, we create a comprehensive framework to evaluate (in)justice in real-world applications, highlighting the contextual relationships (intra-, inter-, and transdisciplinary) and the role of spatial, temporal, and contextual factors. Finally, we explore the complex connections between living beings and non-living components, showing how (un)just actions impact the balance within and between planetary systems. Consequently, the newly devised monitoring framework highlights potential instances where questions of (in)justice may arise in practical settings, thereby guiding the formulation of measuring indicators and procedural methodologies.

Nowadays, smartness and smart management of tourism destinations and suppliers are becoming a top priority and big challenge. This article focuses on tourist attractions and aims at exploring how smart technologies influence the customer journey. The main research question is how smart technologies are influencing the tourists’ visit experience. The study takes a consumer behavior perspective with a specific focus on the visit cycle (prospective, active, and reflective phases), based on the theoretical foundations of customer journey process model. First, a research framework was elaborated, encompassing three hypotheses. Then, this model was empirically tested and validated by means of a quantitative research using as a study site the Ningbo Museum, Ningbo, China. This investigation allows us to get insights into consumer behavior, which is useful for tourist attraction to become ‘smarter’. The study’s findings indicate that smart technologies have an influence on the customer journey at all three phases, the most significant being at the prospective and active phases, without neglecting the reflective one. This article extends our knowledge by providing new insights into the influence of smart technologies that have theoretical and marketing implications for tourist attraction.

Climate change influences public health and well-being, which presents challenges facing urban planners in providing sustainable, smart and resilient cities. In this context, green infrastructure can provide promising applications towards integrating smart applications and resilience concepts to contribute to mitigating such influence and provide sustainable and resilient smart cities which present a vital need. Therefore, this study emphasizes concepts of green infrastructure, resilient smart cities towards attaining Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis based on Biblioshiny and VOSviewer tools within the previous scope. Then a conceptual framework is accomplished to integrate such concepts towards outline the possibilities, insights, and opportunities of such integration. The results indicate that further efforts are needed to develop “green infrastructure”, “smart tools”, and “ecosystems”, which can present a significant paradigm shift towards mitigation of resilience and smart cities to attain SDG s goals. In addition, the proposed SGI provides the main input and stages to outline the possibilities of SGI integration towards promoting resilient smart cities. Such comprehensive results and framework can provide paradigm shift towards reimagining integration of SGI into resilient cities, which serves as research guidance to develop appropriate and innovative coupled applications associated with SGI in response to associated current challenges.

Earlier sales executives using their interpersonal & social skills built and cemented relationships with procurement officials over golf games, theatre outings and major events. That era is slowly but surely coming to an end. Today in the digital age, the context is completely different. Every organisation has access to vendors across the globe. Thanks to Artificial Intelligence (AI), organisations can compare their procurement performance in unprecedented detail. Procurement teams have relevant tools and technology to gather insights about seller’s product or service offerings to the minutest detail. However, organisations are also under constant pressure to generate value to their stakeholders on quarter-on-quarter basis. Organisations are looking towards sellers to create value to their stakeholders. Sellers should innovate and help organisations grow in multiple dimensions. Empower organisations generate value to their stakeholders. In short become their strategic partner. In this new arrangement, seller-buyer relationship is no more a transactional, order- taking and resource supplying activity. Selling process is transformed with focus on value creation. Value proposition is the core of value creation. Infact it is a disciplined concept. Sellers who use it as strategic asset create win - win situation. This research paper walks through value creation process and details how value propositions are developed.