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Since the early 1990s, European welfare states have undergone substantial changes. Traditional programmes, such as old age pensions have been curtailed. Cost-containment measures have been adopted also in other parts of the welfare state, ranging from health care services to invalidity benefits. At the same time, today's welfare states have taken up some new functions. They are expected to help and/or push non-working people back into employment, to complement work income for the working poor, to help parents reconcile work and family life, to promote gender equality, to support child development, and to provide social services for an ageing society. This book provides a thorough empirical account of these developments in western Europe. It also discusses a number of interpretations that have been put forward in relation to the transformation process, in particular whether change amounts to retrenchment, dualisation, or whether it is better captured by the notion of a reorientation towards an active, social investment-based welfare state. On the theoretical level the book focuses on the drivers of the transformation process. It does so on the basis of a multidimensional understanding of social policies, and highlights the importance of political competition and policy learning processes as explanatory factors for the emergence of a new welfare settlement.

After the discovery of the ergotism epidemics and its etiology, 18th-century physicians interpreted medieval chronicles in their medical texts in order to recognize the occurrences of ergotic diseases through retrospective diagnosis. This book examines this historical prejudice through textual analysis, comparing medieval and early modern sources.

Current debates around participation and marginalization dominate the agenda of many European political forums. There is an increasing concern about the stability of social cohesion and a growing number of particular groups of people who are regarded as being at risk of being socially excluded or marginalized. This volume goes beyond the surface of public discussions to look at the central role played by welfare services in European societies in either strengthening or hindering participatory citizenship and democracy. In current discussions welfare services - understood in a broad sense - are centrally positioned: there are high expectations that welfare services can hinder marginalization and enable participation. Yet marginalization is, in most cases, rooted in the deeper structures of society, with economy, participation and involvement dependent on political or highly personal factors, which are beyond the scope of welfare services. This groundbreaking volume posits that participation and marginalization are 'twin' concepts, expressing opposing sides of one and the same processes faced by individuals and communities. It will be essential reading for social workers, sociologists and policy-makers throughout Europe.

Based on 15 years of ethnographic fieldwork, the book understands the increasing violence seen in cities as a product of the emergence of transnational illegal markets since the 1970's, followed by the suppression of unskilled workers, in many places racialised young men from poor neighbourhoods. The book gives flesh and blood to these transformations through a careful study of Sao Paulo's case in Brazil. The first part of the book is based on the trajectories of three families, featuring young men affiliated with illegal markets such as drug dealing and car theft, although in very different situations. The clash between the everyday life patterns of these black families, compared to Sao Paulo’s white middle classes, gives plausibility to the city’s social conflict, most violent after the 80’s, when transnational markets arrive and incarceration grows. Sao Paulo’s case offers more: this conflict is 70% less lethal in 2017 than it was in the 2000, mostly due to the actions of the PCC (the main criminal group in Brazil, a transnational one) discussed in the second part of the book. The “world of crime\" is stronger , yet at the same time homicide rates are falling. The final argument demonstrates that informality, illegality and criminal violence are produced entangling legal and illegal markets and formal/informal institutions, not only in Sao Paulo.Based on 15 years of ethnographic fieldwork, the book understands the increasing violence seen in cities as a product of the emergence of transnational illegal markets since the 1970's, followed by the suppression of unskilled workers, in many places racialised young men from poor neighbourhoods. The book gives flesh and blood to these transformations through a careful study of Sao Paulo's case in Brazil. The first part of the book is based on the trajectories of three families, featuring young men affiliated with illegal markets such as drug dealing and car theft, although in very different situations. The clash between the everyday life patterns of these black families, compared to Sao Paulo’s white middle classes, gives plausibility to the city’s social conflict, most violent after the 80’s, when transnational markets arrive and incarceration grows. Sao Paulo’s case offers more: this conflict is 70% less lethal in 2017 than it was in the 2000, mostly due to the actions of the PCC (the main criminal group in Brazil, a transnational one) discussed in the second part of the book. The “world of crime\" is stronger , yet at the same time homicide rates are falling. The final argument demonstrates that informality, illegality and criminal violence are produced entangling legal and illegal markets and formal/informal institutions, not only in Sao Paulo.

The financial issues of nonprofit organizations (NPOs) have increased their importance in recent years, especially after the last global economic downturn. In this way, NPOs have been threatened by a reduction of income, while their work and expenses have not decreased. In this book, the editors bring together several topics that the academic literature has previously addressed, connecting them to each other and evaluating how all these issues are interrelated. Financing Nonprofit Organizations analyzes the state of art of all these financial topics and the consequences of the last economic crisis. It dives into the interrelations of these concepts to suggest lines of future research and to reflect on the future of the different sources of funding of the NPOs. It will be of interest to students, practitioners, and researchers interested in initiating and updating their knowledge in the growing field of the financial aspects of NPOs.

iThis is the first book to cover existing debates on decolonising and developmental social work whilst equipping readers with the understanding of how to translate the idea of decolonisation of social work into practice. Using new empirical data and an extensive detail of social, cultural, and political dimensions of Nepal, the author proposes a new model of 'decolonised and developmental social work' that can be applicable to a wide range of countries and cultures. By using interviews with Nepali social workers, this text goes beyond mere theoretical approaches and uniquely positions itself in a way that embraces rigorous bottom-up, grounded theory method. It will further ongoing debates on globalisation-localisation, universalisation-contextualisation, outsider-insider perspectives, neoliberal-rights and justice oriented social work, and above all, colonisation-decolonisation of social work knowledge and practice. It also promotes solidarity of, and the struggle for, progress for those in the margins of Western social work and development narrative through an emerging theory-praxis of decolonised and developmental social work. Decolonised and Developmental Social Work is essential reading for students, academics, and researchers of social work and development studies, as well as those striving for a decolonial worldview.

El libro Seguridad ciudadana, desviación social y sistema judicial —como puede deducirse por el título que presenta— se trata de una obra poliédrica. Un texto construido sobre un amplio espectro de investigaciones, análisis, estudios teóricos y reflexiones interdisciplinares sobre la seguridad ciudadana, la desviación social y el sistema judicial que se redacta en lenguaje asequible al gran público con el objetivo de poder transferir los resultados de estas investigaciones y análisis a la sociedad en general.El libro desarrolla temáticas diversas que pueden ser agrupadas en tres grandes bloques. El primer bloque se ha centrado fundamentalmente en una actividad en la que se ven involucradas un gran número de personas, personas, a las que se les conculcan sus derechos humanos básicos. Se está haciendo referencia a la trata de seres humanos. Esta temática ha sido analizada de manera integral. No se ha presentado la trata como un mero delito, sino que, bajo ese paraguas conceptual, se han estudiado temas directamente relacionados con ella como puede ser la salud biopsicosocial de las mujeres que son víctimas de trata y temas relacionados (salvando la distancia conceptual) como la prostitución, la regulación española sobre prostitución o la influencia que ha tenido el Covid-19 en la visibilidad de esta actividad. Por último, en este primer bloque también se ha presentado el punto de vista de los empresarios de alterne.El segundo bloque del libro se ha dedicado a cuestiones relacionadas con delitos de odio vinculados a la extrema derecha. Así, por ejemplo, se ha presentado un estudio sobre el caso español, sus conexiones internaciones y la posible relación con un tipo de terrorismo en el siglo XXI que convive con el terrorismo yihadista. Consideran los autores que puede existir una retroalimentación entre los delitos de odio vinculados a la extrema derecha y el terrorismo yihadista. Sobre éste, también se desarrolla un capítulo que describe el fenómeno de la radicalización y el yihadismo en Occidente. En la parte final del segundo bloque del libro, el lector habrá conocido situaciones que afectan a la seguridad de las personas ubicadas a caballo entre el delito y la desviación social. El tercer bloque del libro aborda un tratamiento más clásico de lo que suponen actividades delictivas. Este bloque acoge un estudio sobre agresiones sexuales. Un análisis de la socialización terciaria del ser humano, su reinserción y su trato en prisiones. Este tercer bloque desarrolla formas de control social. Reflexiones sobre los cuerpos y fuerzas de seguridad, sus nuevas funciones o la necesaria planificación de la seguridad también en el nivel local. Este tercer bloque tampoco ha dejado fuera la búsqueda de la metodología más adecuada para la investigación temática. Éste ha sido el motivo por el que se ha incluido en el texto algún capítulo sobre análisis espacial de datos de criminalidad procedentes de estadísticas policiales, su explotación multivariable y de estudio de carga de trabajo de los juzgados de instrucción. Todo el material que se expone está conectado bajo el paraguas del sistema judicial y penal. Algunas de sus reflexiones inciden en el efecto que produce el paso por prisión, las lagunas jurídicas para el control de armas o bien, la exposición del delito de contrabando. Con esta obra se espera llegar a un público amplio. Un público no necesariamente experto en estas temáticas. Un público que pueda estar interesado en tomar el pulso a la evolución de las distintas facetas que tiene el fenómeno de la seguridad y que sea capaz de entenderla desde el punto de vista del delito, del delincuente, de la víctima, la desviación social, el control social o la prevención.

Originally published in 1979, The Care of the Sick is a detailed and comprehensive exploration of the emergence of modern nursing. Beginning with primitive and early historical nursing, the book traces the development of nursing through the ages and covers a variety of key topics, including the rise of the trained nurse; the problems faced by nursing during its development as a profession; education and working conditions; the government and nursing; the economics of nursing; and how the image of nursing has changed over time. Extensive and thorough, The Care of the Sick will appeal to those with an interest in the history of nursing, the history of medicine, and social history.