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"soil microbiology"
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Insecticides-soil microbiota interactions
This book provides information about the nontarget nature of selected soil enzymes which are implicated in soil fertility and health and the methods for their assay. It also shows how these soil enzymes are affected by two different pesticides, buprofezin and acephate, used both extensively and intensively in modern agriculture.
Book
Microbial basis of Fusarium wilt suppression by Allium cultivation
Crop rotation and intercropping with
Allium
plants suppresses Fusarium wilt in various crops. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not been fully elucidated. This study was designed to assess the role of microorganisms inhabiting
Allium
rhizospheres and antifungal compounds produced by
Allium
roots in Fusarium wilt suppression by
Allium
cultivation. Suppression of cucumber Fusarium wilt and the pathogen multiplication by
Allium
(Welsh onion and/or onion)-cultivated soils were eliminated by heat treatment at 60 °C, whereas those by Welsh onion-root extract were lost at 40 °C. The addition of antibacterial antibiotics eliminated the suppressive effect of Welsh onion-cultivated soil on pathogen multiplication, suggesting the contribution of antagonistic gram-negative bacteria to the soil suppressiveness. The Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons revealed that genus
Flavobacterium
was the predominant group that preferentially accumulated in
Allium
rhizospheres.
Flavobacterium
species recovered from the rhizosphere soils of these
Allium
plants suppressed Fusarium wilt on cucumber seedlings. Furthermore, confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that
Flavobacterium
isolates inhibited the multiplication of the pathogen in soil. Taken together, we infer that the accumulation of antagonistic
Flavobacterium
species plays a key role in Fusarium wilt suppression by
Allium
cultivation.
Journal Article
Soil Biodiversity in Amazonian and Other Brazilian Ecosystems
The loss of biological diversity has become an increased concern over recent years and is now enshrined in international conventions. Most biodiversity in fact occurs in the soil. Soil organisms (especially bacteria, fungi and soil invertebrates) play a major role in the formation of soil structure and are primary agents of decomposition and are drivers of nutrient cycling, and hence agricultural production.This book reviews soil biodiversity in one of the key biodiversity hotspots of the world, i.e. the Amazon and nearby regions of Brazil. It covers both the tropical savannah and rain forests . The work reported is based on a project \"Conservation and Sustainable Management of Below-Ground Biodiversity\", executed by TSBF-CIAT with co-financing from the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and implementation support from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). The book represents a major contribution to the literature and will interest those in biodiversity conservation, soil science and ecology and biodiversity conservation.
eBook
Different microbial communities in paddy soils under organic and nonorganic farming
Organic agriculture is a farming method that provides healthy food and is friendly to the environment, and it is developing rapidly worldwide. This study compared microbial communities in organic farming (Or) paddy fields to those in nonorganic farming (Nr) paddy fields based on 16S rDNA sequencing and analysis. The predominant microorganisms in both soils were
Proteobacteria
,
Chloroflexi
,
Acidobacteria
,
Actinobacteria
, and
Nitrospirota
. The alpha diversity of the paddy soil microbial communities was not different between the nonorganic and organic farming systems. The beta diversity of nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed that the two groups were significantly separated. Distance-based redundancy analysis (db-RDA) suggested that soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) had a positive relationship with the microbes in organic paddy soils. There were 23 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) that showed differential abundance. Among them, g_B1-7BS (
Proteobacteria
), s_
Sulfuricaulis limicola
(
Proteobacteria
), g_GAL15 (p_GAL15), c_
Thermodesulfovibrionia
(
Nitrospirota
), two of f_
Anaerolineaceae
(
Chloroflexi
), and two of g_S085 (
Chloroflexi
) showed that they were more abundant in organic soils, whereas g_11-24 (
Acidobacteriota
), g__Subgroup_7 (
Acidobacteriota
), and g_
Bacillus
(
Firmicutes
) showed differential abundance in nonorganic paddy soils. Functional prediction of microbial communities in paddy soils showed that functions related to carbohydrate metabolism could be the major metabolic activities. Our work indicates that organic farming differs from nonorganic farming in terms of microbial composition in paddy soils and provides specific microbes that might be helpful for understanding soil fertility.
Journal Article
Isolation and characterization of novel potassium-solubilizing purple nonsulfur bacteria from acidic paddy soils using culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques
The current research as aimed (i) to isolate and select the purple nonsulfur bacteria (PNSB) possessing the potassium-solubilizing ability from acid paddy fields and (ii) to evaluate the ability to release the plant growth-promoting substances (PGPS) of selected PNSB. A total of 35 acid sulfate (AS) soil samples were collected in An Giang province, Vietnam. Then, 70 PNSB strains were isolated from the AS soil samples. In the current study, the isolated strains were screened and selected according to their tolerability to acidic conditions, ability to solubilize potassium, and characteristics of a plant growth promoter on basic isolation media with various incubation conditions. Therein, three strains, TT07.4, AN05.1, and AC04.1, presented the highest potassium solubilization under the microaerobic light (11.8–17.7 mg L
−1
) and aerobic dark (16.4–24.7 mg L
−1
) conditions and stresses from Al
3+
, Fe
2+
, and Mn
2+
toxicity. The selected strains were identified as
Rhodopseudomonas pentothenatexigens
by the 16S rDNA sequence, with 99% similarity. The selected acidic-resistant strains possessed the traits of biofertilizers under both microaerobic light and aerobic dark conditions, with abilities to fix nitrogen (0.17–6.24; 7.93–11.2 mg L
−1
); solubilize phosphorus from insoluble compounds with 3.22–49.9 and 9.49–11.2 mg L
−1
for Al-P, 21.9–25.8 and 20.2–25.1 mg L
−1
for Ca-P, and 10.1–29.8 and 18.9–23.2 mg L
−1
for Fe-P; produce 5-aminolevulinic acid (0.63–3.01; 1.19–6.39 mg L
−1
), exopolymeric substances (0.14–0.76; 0.21–0.86 mg L
−1
), indole-3-acetic acid (12.9–32.6; 13.6–17.8 mg L
−1
), and siderophores (28.4–30.3; 6.15–10.3%). The selected potassium-solubilizing strains have a great potential to apply in liquid form into rice seed and solid form in AS soils to supply nutrients and PGPS for enhancing rice growth and grain yield.
Journal Article
The hidden half of nature : the microbial roots of life and health
\"Prepare to set aside what you think you know about yourself and microbes. Good health--for people and for plants--depends on Earth's smallest creatures. [This book] tells the story of our tangled relationship with microbes and their potential to revolutionize agriculture and medicine, from garden to gut\"--Dust jacket flap.
BOOK
Life and death in the soil microbiome: how ecological processes influence biogeochemistry
Soil microorganisms shape global element cycles in life and death. Living soil microorganisms are a major engine of terrestrial biogeochemistry, driving the turnover of soil organic matter — Earth’s largest terrestrial carbon pool and the primary source of plant nutrients. Their metabolic functions are influenced by ecological interactions with other soil microbial populations, soil fauna and plants, and the surrounding soil environment. Remnants of dead microbial cells serve as fuel for these biogeochemical engines because their chemical constituents persist as soil organic matter. This non-living microbial biomass accretes over time in soil, forming one of the largest pools of organic matter on the planet. In this Review, we discuss how the biogeochemical cycling of organic matter depends on both living and dead soil microorganisms, their functional traits, and their interactions with the soil matrix and other organisms. With recent omics advances, many of the traits that frame microbial population dynamics and their ecophysiological adaptations can be deciphered directly from assembled genomes or patterns of gene or protein expression. Thus, it is now possible to leverage a trait-based understanding of microbial life and death within improved biogeochemical models and to better predict ecosystem functioning under new climate regimes.Soil microorganisms shape global element cycles in life and death. In this Review, Sokol and colleagues explore how the biogeochemical cycling of organic matter depends on both living and dead soil microorganisms, their functional traits, and their interactions with the soil matrix and other organisms. They also discuss incorporating microbial life and death into trait-based models that predict soil biogeochemical dynamics.
Journal Article