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Faced with the pressure of slowing industrial growth and industrial transformation requirements, it is crucial to analyze the changes and the corresponding driving factors of the food processing industry in China. An analysis using traditional and spatial shift‐share models was conducted to decompose the changes in the food processing industry in each region of China from 2009 to 2019 into five effects: national growth effect (NG), industrial mix effect (IM), competitive effect (CE), neighbor‐nation competitive effect (NNC), and region‐neighbor competitive effect (RNC). Among the five effects from 2009 to 2019, the NG contributed the most to the growth in most regions, indicating that the development of the food processing industry in China was greatly influenced by the industrial base and that China's food processing industry has entered a “growth bottleneck period.” During the period 2009–2014 to period 2014–2019, compared to the IM and CE, the influence of spatial spillover effects was stronger and significantly enhanced. Moreover, the IM, CE, NNC, and RNC in most southern regions were stronger than those in most northern regions. Therefore, China's food processing industry needs and is transforming into high‐quality development. It is necessary to innovate the mode of development of food processing industry and strengthen interregional exchanges and cooperation. An analysis using traditional and spatial shift‐share models was conducted to decompose the changes in food processing industry in each region of China from 2009 to 2019 into five effects. This study found that from 2009 to 2019, the output value growth of the food processing industry in most regions of China was most affected by the industrial base, followed by the spatial spillover effect, and the least by the industrial structure.

Continued research in fields such as materials science and biomedicine requires the development of a super‐resolution imaging technique with a large field of view (FOV) and deep subwavelength resolution that is compatible with both fluorescent and nonfluorescent samples. Existing on‐chip super‐resolution methods exclusively focus on either fluorescent or nonfluorescent imaging, and, as such, there is an urgent requirement for a more general technique that is capable of both modes of imaging. In this study, to realize labeled and label‐free super‐resolution imaging on a single scalable photonic chip, a universal super‐resolution imaging method based on the tunable virtual‐wavevector spatial frequency shift (TVSFS) principle is introduced. Using this principle, imaging resolution can be improved more than threefold over the diffraction limit of a linear optical system. Here, diffractive units are fabricated on the chip's surface to provide wavevector‐variable evanescent wave illumination, enabling tunable spatial frequency shifts in the Fourier space. A large FOV and resolutions of λ/4.7 and λ/7.1 were achieved for label‐free and fluorescently labeled samples using a gallium phosphide (GaP) chip. With its large FOV, compatibility with different imaging modes, and monolithic integration, the proposed TVSFS chip may advance fields such as cell engineering, precision industry inspection, and chemical research. A universal super‐resolution microscopy is developed based on tunable virtual‐wavevector spatial frequency shift that performs imaging on a single photonic chip, at a resolution three times better than the Abbe diffraction limit. Large field of view (FOV) imaging and resolutions of λ/4.7 for label‐free samples and λ/7.1 for fluorescently labeled samples with this chip are achieved. The micromodule can realize fast, large‐FOV, and deep subwavelength resolution imaging on an ordinary microscope when installed.

Aujeszky's disease (AD, pseudorabies) is a notifiable disease caused by Suid herpesvirus 1 (SuHV-1), also named pseudorabies virus (PrV). The study aimed at determining the occurrence and spatio-temporal trend of specific antibodies to AD virus (ADV) among wild boar of Saxony-Anhalt, a landlocked federal state situated in the western part of eastern Germany. To this end, a total of 7,209 blood samples were collected and tested from 2000 to 2011. An average seroprevalence of 6.8% was found for the entire observation period, whilst seroprevalence increased significantly between time periods January 2000-March 2009 (n = 3,605; prevalence = 4.5%) and March 2009-December 2011 (n = 3,604; prevalence = 9.1%). Spatial analysis revealed an extremely heterogenous distribution of seropositive samples with cluster formation [relative risk (RR) up to 41, P = 0.001] in the east. A comparison of spatial clusters between the aforementioned time intervals showed an expansion of the disease in the north to north-westerly direction. A test for spatial shift involving the entire territory of Saxony-Anhalt detected a spread of ADV infection in the latter direction (P = 0.079) at the average speed of 3.3 km/year. Detailed study of the distribution and spread of the disease among wild boar, including assessment of the speed of spatial spread, has not been done in the region before. Saxony-Anhalt has been officially recognised as being free of AD in domestic pigs since 1996. Despite increasing ADV seroprevalences in the wild boar population of Saxony-Anhalt and other federal states in the east of Germany, no spill-over to domestic pigs have been reported. The currently implemented monitoring will be continued in conjunction with surveillance of classical swine fever (CSF) to further trace ADV infections in the wild boar population of Saxony-Anhalt.

Aim: South-eastern Australia is a climate change hotspot with well-documented recent changes in its physical marine environment. The impact on and temporal responses of the biota to change are less well understood, but appear to be due to influences of climate, as well as the non-climate related past and continuing human impacts. We attempt to resolve the agents of change by examining major temporal and distributional shifts in the fish fauna and making a tentative attribution of causal factors. Location: Temperate seas of south-eastern Australia. Methods: Mixed data sources synthesized from published accounts, scientific surveys, spearfishing and angling competitions, commercial catches and underwater photographic records, from the 'late 1800s' to the ' present', were examined to determine shifts in coastal fish distributions. Results: Forty-five species, representing 27 families (about 30% of the inshore fish families occurring in the region), exhibited major distributional shifts thought to be climate related. These are distributed across the following categories: species previously rare or unlisted (12), with expanded ranges (23) and/or abundance increases (30), expanded populations in south-eastern Tasmania (16) and extralimital vagrants (4). Another 9 species, representing 7 families, experienced longerterm changes (since the 1800s) probably due to anthropogenic factors, such as habitat alteration and fishing pressure: species now extinct locally (3), recovering (3), threatened (2) or with remnant populations (1). One species is a temporary resident periodically recruited from New Zealand. Of fishes exhibiting an obvious poleward movement, most are reef dwellers from three Australian biogeographic categories: widespread southern, western warm temperate (Flindersian) or eastern warm temperate (Peronian) species. Main conclusions: Some of the region's largest predatory reef fishes have become extinct in Tasmanian seas since the ' late 1800s', most likely as a result of poor fishing practices. In more recent times, there have been major changes in the distribution patterns of Tasmanian fishes that correspond to dramatic warming observed in the local marine environment.

Space constraints drive the search for more efficient architectural design solutions. Architectural twins, which combine real and virtual spaces (infosphere), offer great potential. This study examines the concept of architectural twins using the space efficiency graph method, which evaluates the efficiency of standard spaces from multiple aspects, including space, resources, functions, and time. The results show that architectural twins can effectively optimize space usage and adapt to standard space size and changing needs. Thus, architectural twins can be a relevant solution to future land constraint challenges.

A communication channel should be built to transmit information from one place to another. Imaging is 2 or higher dimensional information communication. Conventionally, an imaging channel comprises a lens with free space at its both sides, whose transfer function is usually known and hence the response of the imaging channel can be well defined. Replacing the lens with a thin scattering medium, the image can still be extracted from the detected optical field, suggesting that the scattering medium retains or reconstructs not only energy but also information transmission channels. Aided by deep learning, we find that unlike the lens system, there are different channels in a scattering medium: the same scattering medium can construct different channels to match the manners of source coding. Moreover, it is found that without a valid channel, the convolution law for a spatial shift-invariant system (the output is the convolution of the point spread function and the input object) is broken, and in this scenario, information cannot be transmitted onto the detection plane. Therefore, valid channels are essential to transmit information through even a spatial shift-invariant system. These findings may intrigue new adventures in imaging through scattering media and reevaluation of the known spatial shift-invariance in various areas.

Ample evidence has indicated shifts in distribution of fish populations in response to environmental stress. However, most studies focused at the whole population scale. This neglects the spatial dynamics between groups of different body size (body size groups), that fundamentally shapes the spatial structure of a population. Here, we explored the mechanisms that modulate spatial dynamics of body size groups, and applied our analyses to three North Sea fish populations which experienced severe declines in biomass from 1977 to 2019: Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus and whiting Merlangius merlangius. All three populations exhibited strong declines in the overlapped area between body size groups in winter over 43 years, yet their mechanisms differed. These declines were either due to 1) different magnitudes of contraction of the distribution area of body size groups; and/or 2) different speeds and directions of spatial shift among various body size groups, both increasing spatial segregation within populations. These patterns were either associated with ocean warming, and/or declining population biomass, and such associations often varied according to distinct body size groups. Increasing spatial segregation between size groups of a population likely hampers life‐cycle connectivity and stability to local perturbations. Our analytical approach provides a powerful tool for identifying vulnerable populations under environmental stress and can be generalized to study a variety of size/age structured populations at various ecosystem types.

In clinical medicine, a reliable and resource-friendly computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) method for brain tumor segmentation is essential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic outcomes, particularly in regions with uneven healthcare resource distribution. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) perform extremely well in processing local detailed features. However, there restricted receptive field renders them incapable of capturing global context information. Although the combination of CNNs and Transformers balances the ability to capture local detailed features and global context information, it inevitably increases the model’s parameters and computational cost, which restricts its equal deployment in real medical scenarios. To address this issue, We propose a Lightweight Network with Roberts edge enhancement (LR-Net) for brain tumor segmentation that achieves an optimal balance between parameters and diagnostic accuracy. We propose a 3D Spatial Shift Convolution and Pixel Shuffle (SSCPS) module, the SSCPS module present a low-parameter, low-computational-cost spatial shift convolution that overcomes the limitation of receptive field and improves the ability to extract global contextual information, Pixel Shuffle (PS) module extracts spatial information from feature dimensions, efficiently replacing traditional upsampling module. The Channel Dilation Mechanism in SSCPS module dynamically adjust the number of output channels to maintain the range and depth of network feature aggregation. Additionally, the network leverages a combination of Channel Attention and Roberts Edge Enhancement (CAREE) module, to improve the channel aggregation capability and sensitivity of fuzzy boundaries. Our method achieved Dice of 0.806, 0.881, and 0.860 in BraTS2019, BraTS2020, and BraTS2021 datasets, while the parameters is only 4.72 M, which is only 3.03% of UNETR’s and 28.92% of UNet3D’s. This balance of efficiency and accuracy makes the proposed network well-suited for practical clinical applications.

In this paper, we develop a novel demultiplexer design for Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexer (CWDM). The device consists of multi-layer inhomogeneous semi-conductor material, where the refractive index of each layer is graded according to a predefined profile. The proposed design exploits the ray’s spatial shift that results from the material dispersion as different wavelengths propagate through the different layers of the device. Our design forces the multiplexed light to refract after propagation for short distance within the device leading to smaller device size while providing the needed spatial shift between the ray’s of the adjacent multiplexed wavelengths. The proposed structure can be easily implemented using the well-established technology utilized in fabricating existing graded-index fibers. The impacts of the various design parameters (such as the incident angle, number of layers, the layer thickness, the spacing between adjacent wavelengths, the refractive index difference) on the amount of achieved spatial shift between the adjacent wavelengths and the size of the device are investigated. Compared to previous proposed techniques, our device can be easily fabricated to provide higher spatial shift while reducing the device size with by controlling the different design parameters.

Climate change is recognised to lead to spatial shifts in the distribution of small pelagic fish, likely by altering their environmental optima. Fish supply along the Northwest African coast is significant at both socio-economic and cultural levels. Evaluating the impacts of climatic change on small pelagic fish is a challenge and of serious concern in the context of shared stock management. Evaluating the impact of climate change on the distribution of small pelagic fish, a trend analysis was conducted using data from 2363 trawl samplings and 170,000 km of acoustics sea surveys. Strong warming is reported across the Southern Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME), extending from Morocco to Senegal. Over 34 years, several trends emerged, with the southern CCLME experiencing increases in both wind speed and upwelling intensity, particularly where the coastal upwelling was already the strongest. Despite upwelling-induced cooling mechanisms, sea surface temperature (SST) increased in most areas, indicating the complex interplay of climatic-related stressors in shaping the marine ecosystem. Concomitant northward shifts in the distribution of small pelagic species were attributed to long-term warming trends in SST and a decrease in marine productivity in the south. The abundance of Sardinella aurita , the most abundant species along the coast, has increased in the subtropics and fallen in the intertropical region. Spatial shifts in biomass were observed for other exploited small pelagic species, similar to those recorded for surface isotherms. An intensification in upwelling intensity within the northern and central regions of the system is documented without a change in marine primary productivity. In contrast, upwelling intensity is stable in the southern region, while there is a decline in primary productivity. These environmental differences affected several small pelagic species across national boundaries. This adds a new threat to these recently overexploited fish stocks, making sustainable management more difficult. Such changes must motivate common regional policy considerations for food security and sovereignty in all West African countries sharing the same stocks.