Explore the vast range of titles available.

This volume examines how the history of the humanities might be written through the prism of scholarly personae, understood as time- and place-specific models of being a scholar. Focusing on the field of study known as Orientalism in the decades around 1900, this volume examines how Semitists, Sinologists, and Japanologists, among others, conceived of their scholarly tasks, what sort of demands these job descriptions made on the scholar in terms of habits, virtues, and skills, and how models of being an orientalist changed over time under influence of new research methods, cross-cultural encounters, and political transformations. Contributors are: Tim Barrett, Christiaan Engberts, Holger Gzella, Hans Martin Krämer, Arie L. Molendijk, Herman Paul, Pascale Rabault-Feuerhahn and Henning Trüper.

As the aging population continues to increase, so does the need for a text specific to the specialized care of the elderly patient as it applies to the physical therapist assistant student, faculty, and clinician. Geriatric Rehabilitation: A Textbook for the Physical Therapist Assistant , recognizes the growing role of the PTA in a variety of heath care settings from acute to home to long-term care settings, to name a few. Inside Geriatric Rehabilitation , Dr. Jennifer Bottomley, along with her contributors, focuses on the clinically relevant assessment, treatment, and management of the geriatric population. Pathological manifestations commonly seen in the elderly patient are addressed from a systems perspective, as well as a focus on what is seen clinically and how it affects function. Each pathological area covered includes: Screening, assessment, and evaluation Treatment prescription Goal setting Modification of treatment Anticipated outcomes Psychosocial, pharmacological, and nutritional elements The organization and presentation of the practical, hands-on components of interventions, assessments, and decision-making skills make this a go-to text for the PTA to administer comprehensive geriatric care at each point along the continuum of care. Some of the features inside include: Emphasis on treatment interventions-techniques, tips, and options Focus on how assessment tools and treatments are applied and modified to benefit the geriatric population, and what the expected outcomes are Clear and outlined chapter objectives User-friendly summary tables in the nutritional and pharmacology chapters Pearls that highlight important chapter information Appendices and study aids Geriatric Rehabilitation: A Textbook for the Physical Therapist Assistant answers the call for a text that focuses on the management of geriatric patients across the spectrum of care for the PTA, from students to those practicing in geriatric populations.

Background Microbial interactions shape the structure and function of microbial communities; microbial co-occurrence networks in specific environments have been widely developed to explore these complex systems, but their interconnection pattern across microbiomes in various environments at the global scale remains unexplored. Here, we have inferred an Earth microbial co-occurrence network from a communal catalog with 23,595 samples and 12,646 exact sequence variants from 14 environments in the Earth Microbiome Project dataset. Results This non-random scale-free Earth microbial co-occurrence network consisted of 8 taxonomy distinct modules linked with different environments, which featured environment specific microbial co-occurrence relationships. Different topological features of subnetworks inferred from datasets trimmed into uniform size indicate distinct co-occurrence patterns in the microbiomes of various environments. The high number of specialist edges highlights that environmental specific co-occurrence relationships are essential features across microbiomes. The microbiomes of various environments were clustered into two groups, which were mainly bridged by the microbiomes of plant and animal surface. Acidobacteria Gp2 and Nisaea were identified as hubs in most of subnetworks. Negative edges proportions ranged from 1.9% in the soil subnetwork to 48.9% the non-saline surface subnetwork, suggesting various environments experience distinct intensities of competition or niche differentiation. 2NmSq7Q5noeLTtkrbKwa4L Video abstract Conclusion This investigation highlights the interconnection patterns across microbiomes in various environments and emphasizes the importance of understanding co-occurrence feature of microbiomes from a network perspective.

The geographic ranges of closely related species can vary dramatically, yet we do not fully grasp the mechanisms underlying such variation. The niche breadth hypothesis posits that species that have evolved broad environmental tolerances can achieve larger geographic ranges than species with narrow environmental tolerances. In turn, plasticity and genetic variation in ecologically important traits and adaptation to environmentally variable areas can facilitate the evolution of broad environmental tolerance. We used five pairs of western North American monkeyflowers to experimentally test these ideas by quantifying performance across eight temperature regimes. In four species pairs, species with broader thermal tolerances had larger geographic ranges, supporting the niche breadth hypothesis. As predicted, species with broader thermal tolerances also had more within-population genetic variation in thermal reaction norms and experienced greater thermal variation across their geographic ranges than species with narrow thermal tolerances. Species with narrow thermal tolerance may be particularly vulnerable to changing climatic conditions due to lack of plasticity and insufficient genetic variation to respond to novel selection pressures. Conversely, species experiencing high variation in temperature across their ranges may be buffered against extinction due to climatic changes because they have evolved tolerance to a broad range of temperatures.

This synthesis covers academic research on the use of valuation, tax, information technology (IT), and forensic specialists on audit engagements. The importance and role of specialists on audit engagements have recently increased, and specialist use has garnered significant attention from regulators and academics. Given the PCAOB’s (2017b) recent proposal to revise auditing standards regarding specialists’ involvement, it is important to review the specialist literature as a whole. By integrating research across these four domains, I identify commonalities and differences related to: (1) factors associated with the use of specialists on audit engagements (including the nature, timing, and extent of use); (2) factors impacting auditors’ interactions with specialists (including specialists contracted by the auditor or management); and (3) outcomes associated with the use of specialists. This integrated analysis of the specialist literatures shows variation in the use of specialists, and various factors affecting both if and how they are involved and whether auditors use specialists internal or external to the audit firm. Additionally, research has sometimes (but not always) linked specialist involvement to higher audit quality. The commonalities and areas of variation identified are informative to audit research and practice, particularly as regulators and audit firms look to improve the quality of audits using specialists. Throughout the synthesis, I also provide a number of directions for future research.

IntroductionThe Pleural Nurse Specialist (PNS) plays a pivotal role in the management of patients with indwelling pleural catheters (IPCs), particularly within a cohort often characterised by complex comorbidities and palliative care needs. Beyond performing pleural procedures, the PNS is instrumental in ongoing fluid surveillance, symptom control, patient support and care coordination. As the primary point of contact for IPC patients, the PNS is well positioned to respond to patient concerns. This analysis aimed to quantify the volume and nature of unplanned patient-initiated contacts with the PNS following IPC insertion, and to evaluate the associated clinical outcomes and service implications.MethodA retrospective analysis was conducted, reviewing patient contacts following IPC insertion between January and December 2024. Data were collected on unplanned telephone contacts initiated by patients or carers, subsequent interventions, and the number of planned and unplanned face-to-face (F2F) reviews.ResultsNinety-nine patients were included (median age 71 years; 52.5% male), of whom 64.6% were receiving systemic anti-cancer treatment. A total of 138 unplanned telephone contacts were recorded. Forty patients (40.4%) contacted the PNS two or more times. The average time to first call was five weeks post-IPC insertion. The most common reasons for contact were symptom reporting (e.g., breathlessness, pain) and requests for information or reassurance.Subgroup analysis by performance status (PS) suggested a trend toward higher call rates among those with PS 0–1, although this did not reach statistical significance (see table 1). Planned F2F reviews occurred in 82 patients (82.1%), with 41 patients (41.4%) attending at least two reviews. Following 23 patient-initiated calls (16.7%), unplanned F2F reviews were arranged, potentially averting escalation to primary or emergency care. Notably, 59.4% of emergency admissions (13/22) occurred outside of PNS service hours.Abstract P278 Table 1Summary of phone calls by patient to PNS teamDiscussionThese findings underline the value of the PNS, reducing emergency health service utilisation and maintaining continuity in pleural disease management. The capacity of the PNS to triage concerns, arrange timely intervention, and support patients holistically suggests a model of care that is both patient-centred and resource-efficient. Further work is needed to evaluate the impact of non-IPC-related PNS contacts on broader service delivery.

To examine how internationally qualified nurses (IQNs) and Australian nurse managers conceptualise specialist nurse status within speciality nursing and how definitional divergence may contribute to the underutilisation of IQNs' specialist skills. A sequential, explanatory mixed-methods study grounded in pragmatism. Phase 1 used a descriptive cross-sectional survey (July-September 2022) distributed via social media, professional organisations and snowball sampling. Phase 2 involved qualitative data collection (December 2022-March 2023) through three focus groups with seven IQNs and eight individual interviews with nurse managers. Participants were asked to define specialist nurse status (survey prompt: 'specialty nurse or clinical nurse specialist'), and data were analysed using content analysis (Phase 1 open text) and reflexive thematic analysis (Phase 2). A total of 115 participants (71 IQNs; 44 nurse managers) provided definitional statements. Both groups drew on experience, education and advanced skills, but with different emphases. IQNs were significantly more likely than nurse managers to prioritise clinical experience as central to specialist nurse status ( (1,  = 115) = 7.94, = 0.005, Cramér's V = 0.26). No statistically significant difference was observed in references to education ( = 0.44). References to advanced skills and expanded scope were infrequent and differed in emphasis, with nurse managers more commonly highlighting leadership, mentoring and quality improvement functions, while IQNs more often emphasised clinical autonomy. These divergences indicate a recognition mismatch that may delay or limit deployment of IQNs into specialist roles.

Invasive alien plants are likely to be released from specialist herbivores and at the same time encounter biotic resistance from resident generalist herbivores in their new ranges. The Shifting Defense hypothesis predicts that this will result in evolution of decreased defense against specialist herbivores and increased defense against generalist herbivores. To test this, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of 61 common garden studies that provide data on resistance and/or tolerance for both introduced and native populations of 32 invasive plant species. We demonstrate that introduced populations, relative to native populations, decreased their resistance against specialists, and increased their resistance against generalists. These differences were significant when resistance was measured in terms of damage caused by the herbivore, but not in terms of performance of the herbivore. Furthermore, we found the first evidence that the magnitude of resistance differences between introduced and native populations depended significantly on herbivore origin (i.e., whether the test herbivore was collected from the native or non-native range of the invasive plant). Finally, tolerance to generalists was found to be higher in introduced populations, while neither tolerance to specialists nor that to simulated herbivory differed between introduced and native plant populations. We conclude that enemy release from specialist herbivores and biotic resistance from generalist herbivores have contrasting effects on resistance evolution in invasive plants. Our results thus provide strong support for the Shifting Defense hypothesis.

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are a group of rare clonal disorders of hematopoietic progenitor cells associated with disease- related symptoms, thrombotic events, and risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (Tefferi, 2021). Their relative rarity and complexity of care led to the establishment of the MPN program at the Princess Margaret (PM) Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada. The MPN program utilizes a shared-care model wherein partnering with local hematologists (shared-care partners) ensures that patients have access to a MPN specialist while continuing to receive care close to home. The clinical nurse specialist (CNS) role was implemented in late 2016 to support not only the shared-care model, but also to triage new patient referrals, and support consultation and follow-up. Although the CNS role has been part of the healthcare system since the 1940s, the role and its impact remain unclear at times to the inter-disciplinary team. This paper describes the process and results in evaluating the CNS role's impact in the MPN program through using a multi-method approach. In this Part II of a series, the focus is on discussing the team and patient care experience with having a CNS as part of the care team.

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of rare clonal disorders of hematopoietic progenitor cells associated with disease-related symptoms, thrombotic events, and risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (Tefferi, 2021). The relative rarity and complexity of care led to the establishment of the MPN program at the Princess Margaret (PM) Cancer Centre. The MPN program utilizes a shared-care model wherein partnering with local hematologists (shared-care partners) ensures that patients have access to an MPN specialist while continuing to receive care close to home (Cheung et al., 2021). The clinical nurse specialist (CNS) role was implemented in late 2016 to support not only the shared-care model, but also to triage new patient referrals, and support consultation and follow-up. Although the CNS roles have been part of the healthcare system since the 1940s, the role and its impact remain unclear at times to the inter-disciplinary team. This paper will describe the process and results from evaluating the CNS role's impact in the MPN program using a multimethod approach. This is part one of two papers; herein the quantitative findings are presented, and part two will discuss the qualitative findings.