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"sports performance"
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Strength and balance asymmetries in children and adolescents: comparison between single- and multi-sport participants
Background
Prior research has suggested links between youth sport special-ization, inter-limb asymmetries, and injury risk, but findings remain inconsistent regarding whether single-sport athletes show greater asymmetries than their multi-sport peers. This study examined differences in inter-limb asymme-try (global, balance, strength) between single- and multi-sport athletes, and explored the prevalence of exceeding clinical thresholds, sex- and sport-specific interactions, and associations with training volume and injury history.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 76 youth athletes (24 single-sport, 52 multi-sport; mean age 12.6 ± 1.7 years) using standardized assessments of dynamic balance (Y-Balance Test) and isometric strength (hand-held dynamometry). Inter-limb asymmetry was calculated using Index-9 in three domains: global asymmetry, balance asymmetry, and strength asymmetry. Differ-ences between single-sport specialists and multi-sport athletes were tested using linear mixed effect models, adjusted for sex, maturity status, BMI, training vol-ume, and sport type. Sensitivity and interaction analyzes (e.g., sport symmetry, sex, injury history) were also performed.
Results
Inter-limb strength asymmetries greater than 10% were observed in more than half of the participants, especially for ankle plantarflexion and hip abduction. Balance asymmetries were smaller, with fewer than 15% of athletes exceeding the 10% threshold. Training volume was higher in the single-sport group, but was not associated with greater asymmetry. No significant differences were found between single and multisport athletes for global (
β
= 0
.
039,
p
=
.
597), balance (
β
= 0
.
037,
p
=
.
745) or strength asymmetry (
β
= 0
.
013,
p
=
.
879). These null results persisted across the sensitivity analyses and interaction models.
Conclusions
Despite higher training volumes, single-sport youth athletes did not exhibit greater balance or strength asymmetries than their multi-sport peers. Inter-limb asymmetries were common across the cohort but were not associated with sport specialization. These findings highlight the need for cautious, individ-ualized interpretation of asymmetry measures in youth athletes, and underscore the importance of further research to clarify their developmental and clinical significance.
Trial registrations
ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06325228); registered on 10/03/2024.
Journal Article
Data analysis in sport
\"Making sense of sports performance data can be a challenging task but is nevertheless an essential part of performance analysis investigations. Focusing on techniques used in the analysis of sport performance, this book introduces the fundamental principles of data analysis, explores the most important tools used in data analysis, and offers guidance on the presentation of results. The book covers key topics such as: The purpose of data analysis, from statistical analysis to algorithmic processing Commercial packages for performance and data analysis, including Focus, Sportscode, Dartfish, Prozone, Excel, SPSS and Matlab Effective use of statistical procedures in sport performance analysis Analysing data from manual notation systems, player tracking systems and computerized match analysis systems Creating visually appealing 'dashboard' interfaces for presenting data Assessing reliability. The book includes worked examples from real sport, offering clear guidance to the reader and bringing the subject to life. This book is invaluable reading for any student, researcher or analyst working in sport performance or undertaking a sport-related research project or methods course\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Less training, better improvement: effects of velocity-based complex training on lower-limb maximal strength and explosive performance in highly-trained volleyball athletes
Objectives
This randomized controlled trial compared the effects of velocity-based complex training (VBCT) and traditional complex training (TCT) on lower-limb maximal strength and explosive performance in male volleyball athletes during the competitive season.
Methods
Thirty athletes were randomly assigned to VBCT (
n
= 10), TCT (
n
= 10), or a control group (CON,
n
= 10). The VBCT and TCT groups trained twice weekly for eight weeks. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included 1RM squat, countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), eccentric utilization rate (EUR), and standing long jump (SLJ).
Results
Both VBCT and TCT improved 1RM squat, CMJ, SJ, and SLJ, whereas only VBCT improved EUR (
p
< 0.01). Post-intervention, VBCT demonstrated significantly greater improvements than TCT in CMJ (VBCT: η² = 0.65; TCT: η² = 0.41) and EUR (VBCT: η² = 0.45; TCT: η² = 0.07) (
p
< 0.05). Training intensity did not differ between groups (
p
> 0.05), but VBCT showed lower training volume, fewer repetitions, and lower rating of perceived exertion, while exhibiting higher mean concentric velocity for each repetition within squat sets compared with TCT (
p
< 0.01).
Conclusions
VBCT resulted in greater improvements in CMJ and EUR, while its effects on 1RM, SJ, and SLJ were similar to TCT. With lower volume and fatigue, VBCT may be a more efficient strategy for enhancing lower-limb strength and explosiveness during the competitive season.
Trial registration
This study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (
www.chictr.org.cn
) with the following details: Registration Number: ChiCTR2400093910. Registration Date: 13/12/2024.
Journal Article
Comparison of glycaemic index of honey and sports energy products
Consumers' interest towards glycaemic index (GI) is expanding due to their aspiration towards informed buying and increased awareness regarding diet. This is especially the case for people engaged in various physical activities. Their diet, besides general principles of a healthy balanced diet, should also meet the needs of training. Consumption of carbohydrates with different GI before, during and after training affects athletic performance, with high GI food being preferred. The aim was to compare the effect of honey and two different sports energy products on glycaemia and their potential in terms of sports performance. GI of acacia honey and two sports energy products (gel and jelly) was determined according to the method ISO 26642: 2010. Ten healthy males aged 23.2 years (20 to 27 years old) who are minimum 4 hours per week engaged in at least one sport were enrolled. Glycaemia was the least affected by honey (GI = 89.6 ± 37.1), while jelly increased glycaemia the most (GI = 162.1 ± 60.9), and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.008). Honey also showed good acceptability, and did not differ in subjective satiety score to gel or jelly. The results show that honey can be a good alternative to various sports energy products, and a more affordable one.
Journal Article
Nutrition and Enhanced Sports Performance
This book is divided into four main themes.The introductory theme is a brief general overview of the role of nutrition in human health.The second section presents various types of physical exercises including cardiovascular training, resistance training, aerobic and anaerobic exercises, bioenergetics and energy balance and the nutritional.
eBook
Sport and education: how to develop a proper dual career (Deporte y educación: cómo desarrollar una carrera dual adecuada)
This study aimed at analyzing the legislation on High-Performance Sports (HPS) and educational training in Brazil under the concept of Dual Career (DC). Through a documentary analysis, reflection questions about a national sports project capable of supporting the successful conciliation between sports and school/academic training in dual career dynamics were raised. Since the Constitution ensures equal conditions for access and continuation of education, clarity and understanding about the HPS development process and its demands regarding the conciliation with school/academic training is necessary. The analysis of the legislation in force in Brazil shows that student-athletes are not supported and that although some proposals in progress are advancing, they do not fully address the needs of DC. Therefore, alignment among the State, sports institutions, and school institutions is essential for developing specific rules so that athletes make the most of their sporting condition without losing sight of school/academic opportunities. === El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la legislación sobre el deporte de alto rendimiento (DAR) y la formación educacional en Brasil bajo el concepto de carrera dual (CD). A través del análisis documental, se plantearon preguntas para reflexionar sobre un proyecto deportivo nacional capaz de sostener la construcción exitosa de la conciliación entre el deporte y las formaciones escolares/académicas en la dinámica de la CD. Para garantizar la igualdad de condiciones de acceso y permanencia a los estudios presentes en la Constitución Federal es necesaria la claridad y la comprensión sobre el proceso de formación y desarrollo del DAR y sus demandas en relación con la conciliación con los estudios. El análisis de la legislación vigente en Brasil ilustra la falta de apoyo para el estudiante atleta y demuestra la existencia de propuestas que significan un avance, pero que no abordan completamente las necesidades de la CD. La alineación entre el Estado, las instituciones deportivas y las instituciones escolares es esencial para el desarrollo de normas específicas para que el atleta aproveche al máximo su condición deportiva sin perder las oportunidades escolares-académicas.
Journal Article