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Ultimate limit state analysis and design of plated structures
Reviews and describes both the fundamental and practical design procedures for the ultimate limit state design of ductile steel plated structures
The new edition of this well-established reference reviews and describes both fundamentals and practical design procedures for steel plated structures. The derivation of the basic mathematical expressions is presented together with a thorough discussion of the assumptions and the validity of the underlying expressions and solution methods.
Furthermore, this book is also an easily accessed design tool, which facilitates learning by applying the concepts of the limit states for practice using a set of computer programs, which can be downloaded.
Ultimate Limit State Design of Steel Plated Structures provides expert guidance on mechanical model test results as well as nonlinear finite element solutions, sophisticated design methodologies useful for practitioners in industries or research institutions, and selected methods for accurate and efficient analyses of nonlinear behavior of steel plated structures both up to and after the ultimate strength is reached.
* Covers recent advances and developments in the field
* Includes new topics on constitutive equations of steels, test database associated with low/elevated temperature, and strain rates
* Includes a new chapter on a semi-analytical method
* Supported by a companion website with illustrative example data sheets
* Provides results for existing mechanical model tests
* Offers a thorough discussion of assumptions and the validity of underlying expressions and solution methods
Designed as both a textbook and a handy reference, Ultimate Limit State Design of Steel Plated Structures, Second Edition is well suited to teachers and university students who are approaching the limit state design technology of steel plated structures for the first time. It also meets the needs of structural designers or researchers who are involved in civil, marine, and mechanical engineering as well as offshore engineering and naval architecture.
eBook
Steels
By examining the properties of steels in conjunction with structure, this book provides a valuable description of the development and behavior of these materialsthe very foundation of their widespread use. --
eBook
New Insights into the Mechanism of Nucleation of ZrOsub.2 Inclusions at High Temperature
It is difficult to observe the nucleation mechanism of inclusions in real-time. In this study, the nucleation process of zirconium oxide inclusions was systematically studied by classical nucleation theory and first principles. Zr deoxidized steel with 100 ppm Zr addition was processed into metallographic samples for scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive spectroscopy observation. The electrolytic sample was analyzed by micro X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, and the zirconium oxide in the sample was determined to be ZrO[sub.2]. The nucleation rate and radius of the ZrO[sub.2] inclusions were calculated by classical nucleation theory, and they were compared with the experimental values. There was a considerable difference between the experimental and theoretical values of the nucleation rate. The effect of the nucleation size was analyzed by first-principles calculation, and the thermodynamic properties of ZrO[sub.2] clusters and nanoparticles were analyzed by constructing (ZrO[sub.2])n (n = 1–6) clusters. The thermodynamic properties of ZrO[sub.2] calculated by first principles were consistent with the values in the literature. Based on two-step nucleation theory, the nucleation pathway of ZrO[sub.2] is as follows: Zr[sub.atom] + O[sub.atom] → (ZrO[sub.2])n → (ZrO[sub.2])[sub.2] → core (ZrO[sub.2] particle)–shell ((ZrO[sub.2])[sub.2] cluster) nanoparticle → (ZrO[sub.2])[sub.bulk].
Journal Article
Comparative study on corrosion characteristics of conductive concrete in red soil environment
In order to solve the corrosion problem of grounding materials in highly corrosive red soil environments, conductive concrete was proposed as a new type of grounding material. The corrosion resistance of conductive concrete was tested and compared to select a suitable preparation scheme with excellent corrosion resistance. A series of conductive concrete samples were made using different conductive materials such as graphite, stainless steel fiber (SSF), and ordinary silicate concrete. Common grounding metals include Q235 steel and galvanized steel, embedded in red soil, conventional concrete, and conductive concrete. The open circuit potential, dynamic potential polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of these metals were measured and analyzed. The open-circuit potential of metal electrodes in red soil is lower than that in concrete, and the potential of specimens with conductive phase is higher than that of the ordinary concrete, show that the corrosion sensitivity of metals in conductive concrete is greatly reduced, the corrosion potential is the lowest and the corrosion current is the highest in red soil, the capacitance arc radius in red soil is very small, indicating poor corrosion resistance of grounding metals in a red soil environment. All these indexs indicate that using conductive concrete as grounding material can effectively slow down the corrosion of grounding materials in red soil. Compared with stainless steel based conductive concrete, graphite based conductive concrete provides better protection for the grounding metal wrapped around it. As the content of conductive phase materials increases, the corrosion tendency and corrosion rate of conductive concrete decrease. Compared with Q235 carbon steel, galvanized steel exhibits excellent corrosion resistance in conductive concrete. Therefore, it is recommended to use galvanized steel conductive concrete as the grounding material for power systems in red soil environments.
Journal Article
Effect of Grain Size on Thermophysical Properties in Twinning-Induced Plasticity Steel
This study investigated the thermophysical properties of TWIP steel with respect to grain size. The coefficient of thermal expansion (β) of TWIP steel was approximately 22.4 × 10−6 °C−1, and this value was hardly affected by the grain size. Therefore the density of TWIP steel was also unaffected by grain size within the tested range. The β in TWIP steel was higher than that of plain carbon steels (13–15 × 10−6 °C−1) such as interstitial free (IF) steel and low-carbon steel, and stainless steels (18–21 × 10−6 °C−1) such as X10NiCrMoTiB1515 steel and 18Cr-9Ni-2.95Cu-0.58Nb-0.1C steel. The specific heat capacity (cp) increased with temperature because the major factor affecting cp is the lattice vibrations. As the temperature increases, atomic vibrations become more active, allowing the material to store more thermal energy. Meanwhile, cp slightly increased with increasing grain size since grain boundaries can suppress lattice vibrations and reduce the material’s ability to store thermal energy. The thermal conductivity (k) in TWIP steel gradually increased with temperature, consistent with the behavior observed in other high-alloy metals. k slightly increased with grain size, especially at lower temperatures, due to the increased grain boundary scattering of free electrons and phonons. This trend aligns with the Kapitza resistance model. While TWIP steel with refined grains exhibited higher yield and tensile strengths, this came with a decrease in total elongation and k. Thus, optimizing grain size to enhance both mechanical and thermal properties presents a challenge. The k in TWIP steel was substantially lower compared with that of plain carbon steels such as AISI 4340 steel, especially at low temperatures, due to its higher alloy content. At room temperature, the k of TWIP steels and plain carbon steels were approximately 13 W/m°C and 45 W/m°C, respectively. However, in higher temperature ranges where face centered cubic structures are predominant, the difference in k of the two steels became less pronounced. At 800 °C, for example, TWIP and plain carbon steels exhibited k values of approximately 24 W/m°C and 29 W/m°C, respectively.
Journal Article