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Fat chance : the hidden truth about sugar, obesity and disease
Sugar is toxic, addictive and everywhere. So what chance do you have of living sugar-free? With busy lives and little time left for cooking we find ourselves relying on a diet of processed food. But this is what's responsible for our chronically expanding waistlines, soaring levels of diabetes and a catalogue of diseases. Dr Robert Lustig reveals the truth about our sugar-laden food: why conventional low-fat weight loss advice won't work, not every calorie is the same, and skipping lunch doesn't mean it's ok to eat dessert, why too much sugar can cause serious illness even if you are not overweight, how the food industry is filling our diets with hidden sugars - and which foods you must cut out to avoid them and how governments are complacent about, and even complicit in, exacerbating our food debacle. He will radically change the way you see your food and give you more than a fat chance of a healthier, happier and smarter life!
Book
Assessment of the environmental performance of sugarcane companies based on waste disposed of on the soil
Purpose
This study aimed to present an index (
IEP
) to evaluate the environmental performance of the sugar-energy industrial process based on the waste generated in manufacturing operations. The residues considered in this study were: vinasse, filter cake, ash and soot, residual waters, and sewage sludge.
Methods
The index created was developed to take into account, and to be directly proportional to the environmental impact of each residue generated by the sugar-energy production, to the relative spatial dispersion that each waste can reach, and to the environmental fragility of the hydrographic basin where the plant under evaluation is inserted and works. The lower IEP, the better the company valuation.
Results
The index was tested in a real company and exhibited an
IEP Total
= 1,4.10
13
km
2
.p/yr, which shows weak waste management by the enterprise. Vinasse was responsible for 50% of the
IEP Total,
while filter cake contributed 45% to it. Ash and soot, residual waters, and sewage sludge were together responsible for 5% of the
IEP Total
.
Conclusion
The theoretical conception used in this study is inspiring for the development of new studies on environmental assessment measurement. The study showed that vinasse is the most problematic waste in environmental terms, a conclusion that is in line with academic studies. Nevertheless, the waste with the greatest potential impact on the environment is filter cake. Despite this, filter cake presented a lower
IEP(i)
than vinasse, given that its negative impact on the basin is smaller. Both wastes contributed 95% of the
IEP Total
, which places them among the residues to be managed with greater attention.
Journal Article
Coupling Coordination of Green Sugarcane Production and Comprehensive Social Development in Chinese Sugar Industry
Coordinated development of green production in sugarcane industry and the economy of the main producing areas is vital for scientifically formulating reduction policies for carbon emission and promoting high-quality industrial development. In the present study, the carbon emissions generated in sugarcane planting process were measured, and the green production efficiency along with comprehensive social development of main sugarcane-producing areas was evaluated and coupled to assess the coordination. The results indicated that carbon emission intensity from sugarcane planting in China decreased from 3.0963 tons/ha in 2012 to 2.4863 tons/ha in 2021, a decrease of 19.70%. The green development efficiency has significantly improved, rising from 0.9228 in 2012 to 1.1478 in 2021. The efficiency in Guangdong and Hainan reached its peak in 2021. Notably, the degree of coupling and coordination between green sugarcane production and comprehensive social development has progressively improved, transitioning from low- to high-level coupling and from serious imbalance to high-quality coordination. In 2021, all regions achieved a high degree of coupling and high-quality coordination. Collectively, reduced application policies in China, accompanied by the development of agricultural technology, have led to a progressive decline in carbon emissions from sugarcane planting while simultaneously improving green production efficiency. Besides, a state of mutual promotion and high-quality coordination was observed in green sugarcane production and local comprehensive social development. This study advances the theoretical framework of carbon emissions and offers empirical evidence for the ecological and economic significance of sugar industry.
Journal Article
Biomass Pellet Processing from Sugar Industry Byproducts: A Study on Pelletizing Behavior and Energy Usage
As global energy demand has increased, bioenergy has emerged as a viable option for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This study focuses on using waste materials from the sugar industry, such as sugarcane straw, bagasse, and filter cake, to compress into pellets to investigate pelletizing behavior and energy usage. Raw material preparation was a critical phase influencing pelletizing efficiency. Biomass pellet quality depended on a uniform particle size distribution and adequate moisture content. A moisture content of 20% (wb) was found to be suitable for biomass pelletization from the sugar sector. Specific energy in the pelletizing process ranged from 144.28 to 197.85 Wh/kg. The suggested mixing ingredients (sugarcane leaves: bagasse: filter cake) of 0% sugarcane leaves, 90% bagasse, 10% filter cake, and 5% sugarcane leaves, 93.5% bagasse, and 1.5% filter cake resulted in pellets with a bulk density of over 600 kg/m3 and a durability of at least 97.5%. All aspects were assessed according to standardized criteria for developing biomass pellet processing technology from sugar industry byproducts. This method could improve efficiency, boost production volume, lower production costs, and promote the efficient and cost-effective use of renewable energy.
Journal Article
Composting Sugarcane Filter Mud with Different Sources Differently Benefits Sweet Maize
Reusing organic wastes in land applications would enhance the recovery of resources, following the concepts of the circular economy. The sugarcane-based sugar industry produces various by-products (e.g., sugarcane filter mud, molasses, and bagasse) that have the potential to contribute to crop production and soil fertility, owing to their high contents of organic matter and nutrients. Although the agricultural benefits of compost utilization in agriculture have been well-documented, to the best of our knowledge, few scientific data are currently available on the effects of sugarcane filter mud combined with the application of compost for increasing crop production. Thus, a field experiment was carried out to study how sugarcane filter mud, in combination with two compost sources, affected the growth and yield of sweet maize (Zea mays var. saccharata). We compared (i) two types of compost made from brassica residue and household waste applied at a rate of 9 t ha−1, and (ii) two application rates of sugarcane filter mud: 0 and 2 t ha−1 to two controls without any compost application: one with (+SFM) and one without (−SFM) sugar filter mud. The results highlighted that all crop growth and yield parameters benefited more from the domestic waste compost than from the brassica straw compost. Moreover, the addition of sugar filter mud to the compost further boosted the crop performance. Based on the above results, we concluded that the addition of sugarcane filter mud to locally available composts is a feasible approach for more sustainable production of sweet maize, combining efficient waste disposal and the provision of organic matter to the soil.
Journal Article
Sustainable Management of Agro-Food Wastes Derived from the Olive Mill and Sugar Industry and Clinoptilolite to Produce Novel Adsorptive Materials
Novel sorbents were produced using sustainable and eco-friendly methods, aimed at minimizing environmental impact while utilizing industrial by-products and natural minerals. Olive stones and molasses derived from olive mill and sugar industries, respectively, and an abundant, natural and low-cost mineral, clinoptilolite, were combined in the following proportions: 80/20 clinoptilolite/stone, 80/10/10 clinoptilolite/stone/molasses, 50/50 stone/molasses, w/w. Then, physical carbonization (CL80OL20C, CL80OL10M10C, OL50M50C) or chemical activation (CL80OL20A, CL80OL10M10A, OL50M50A) took place. The adsorbents were characterized through Raman, FT-IR, BET and SEM-EDS analysis. The CL80OL20A material presents the highest ratio of C/O in EDS analysis and the lowest ID/IG in Raman spectroscopy. The increase in the specific surface area is as follows: OL50M50C < OL50M50A < CL80OL10M10C < CL80OL20C < CL80OL20A < CL80OL10M10A. Three applications were conducted: two with dyes (methylene blue and methyl red) in aqueous means and one in olive mill wastewaters for the removal of total phenols and their addition to rice, increasing the total phenolic content and producing novel foods. The well-fitted application of the pseudo-second order kinetic model to the experimental data has shown that chemisorption is the prevailing mechanism. The adsorbed amount of the recovered phenols to rice ranges from 0.14 to 0.93 mg/g. Consequently, olive and sugar by-products can be used as filters either to adsorb dangerous organic compounds or to recover bioactive compounds from wastewater, preventing their disposal in the environment, which could otherwise lead to severe negative effects on the ecosystems.
Journal Article
Synthesis and Characterization of Promising Economic Biopolymer Composite as a Clarifying Agent for Sugar Industry
Three biopolymer composites
(1)
,
(2)
and
(3)
based on chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose were synthesized, characterized and applied as nontoxic cationic color precipitant and flocculating agents for mixed cane juice (MCJ) and raw syrup refining process. The chemical structure of the obtained composites was elucidated by different techniques, FT-IR, XRD and SEM. They were investigated as a decolorizing agent of colorant matters of MCJ and raw syrup. The composite
(1)
was chosen and tested for further procedures due to its stability and economically purposes. Composite
(1)
showed a color removal efficiency of MCJ and raw syrup by 15.8 and 40.7%, respectively, at 200 ppm dosages, compared to the traditional clarification method. All the analyses of MCJ and raw syrup were conducted in the pilot plant to compare between the obtained clarification efficiency in presence of bioclarifying agent and that with the currently used phosphatation process. Also, the obtained results showed that the composite
(1)
can act as flocculating agent where 50% reduction is in the dosage of anionic flocculant. Moreover, the total cost of chemical aids and maintenance will be decreased by about 2.4 million LE in case of incorporating composite
(1)
in the clarification process of sugar cane juice.
Journal Article